Psychology, Video Games
F. Mohammadi
Abstract
The main issue of the present study is how the power domain is represented in the TV series Aghazadeh. In order to answer the problem, Pierre Bourdieu's theory was used as an approach. Methodologically too, Bourdieu's Genetic Structuralism was used and this text was analyzed at three levels of habitus, ...
Read More
The main issue of the present study is how the power domain is represented in the TV series Aghazadeh. In order to answer the problem, Pierre Bourdieu's theory was used as an approach. Methodologically too, Bourdieu's Genetic Structuralism was used and this text was analyzed at three levels of habitus, structure and relationship between power and other fields using document analysis research method and thematic analysis technique. The results indicate that the power domain is structurally heterogeneous and hierarchical as well as a place of competition and conflict between l agents with religious-traditional habits and agents with economic and worldly habits. In terms of intra-field relationship, the power field is directly and indirectly related to all social domains, and it has affected other structured such as justice, economy, law and politics. The influence of utilitarian agents of the power field on these has reduced the relative independence of these fields on the one hand, and has led to the spread of corruption on the other. Of course, the greater relative independence of the justice field has made it possible for justice-oriented social agents to monitor and investigate the activities in other fields, control illegal activities of other social agents carefully, and eradicate the corrupt power network in the society. This means that one must hope for the future.
Social Sciences and Communications
M. Haghpors; S.H. Nabavi; M.R. Kolahi
Abstract
The paper aims to identify the semantic implication of moral and normal subjects, and mechanisms of their reconstruction in the family institution. For this purpose, here Stuart Hall’s representation approach and Jeffrey Alexander's strong research program have been applied to reach the conclusion ...
Read More
The paper aims to identify the semantic implication of moral and normal subjects, and mechanisms of their reconstruction in the family institution. For this purpose, here Stuart Hall’s representation approach and Jeffrey Alexander's strong research program have been applied to reach the conclusion on the main research questions: What is the semantic implication of moral and normal subjects in the family? And what is the mechanism for reconstructing a moral subject in the family? 65 notes and editorials published in Shargh, Etemad-e Melli and Hamshahri newspapers in one section as well as Javan and Kayhan were selected and reviewed in the course of the study. Newspapers in the other section, representing the murder of Romina Ashrafi, were examined using a narrative research framework and thematic analysis. Findings reveal that in both sections, similar components of individual ethics in the family institution are represented as a normal ideal of a unified world in the network of obedience and submission.
Sociology
M.S. Zokaei; R. Eslami
Abstract
In recent years Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iran has many practitioners and visitors, so it becomes one of the main aspects of Shiite identity and Iranian religiosity actions. Relying on a case study of discourses and representations of Arbaeen pilgrimage, we try to understand Arbaeen pilgrimage as a social ...
Read More
In recent years Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iran has many practitioners and visitors, so it becomes one of the main aspects of Shiite identity and Iranian religiosity actions. Relying on a case study of discourses and representations of Arbaeen pilgrimage, we try to understand Arbaeen pilgrimage as a social phenomenon and explore diversity and differences of Iran's society today. Concentrating on representations and discourses of Arbaeen pilgrimage that signifying this Practice, by addressing written texts published on paper or digital mass media (Newspapers, News Agencies and News Sites) in a 5 years period since 1392 to 1396 in Iran, diversity of representations have shown. Applying theoretical and methodological approach of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis in the process of investigating 1800 day-record published on that 5 years period, 6 different discourses have found that representing power constellation of Arbaeen pilgrimage phenomenon. Findings of this exploratory research helps focus on cultural changes of post-revolutionary Iran's society and determine its diversity contexts.
Azam Ravadrad; Baharak Mahmoodi
Abstract
This paper aims to study the imagination of Tehran through 1340s and 1350s Iranian cinema and the main question is that what kind of representation on city was fueled by cinema. This study was conducted based on analysis of four impressive films in these two decades. Two of them are popular ...
Read More
This paper aims to study the imagination of Tehran through 1340s and 1350s Iranian cinema and the main question is that what kind of representation on city was fueled by cinema. This study was conducted based on analysis of four impressive films in these two decades. Two of them are popular movies (Ganje Gharoon and Khater Khah) and the two other (Khesht-o Ayeni and Ragbar) are related to avantgarde cinema. Although they are different in presenting the city in some aspects, the results reveal that both approaches emphasise on the negative aspects of the city and expose latent contradictions in the extreme way.
Majid Movahed Majd; Zeinab Niknejat; Mohamadtaghi Abbasi shovazi
Abstract
Protecting and upholding the ideology of media authorities, photo can be considered a tool for communication and meaning-making. Also the social-artistic activities of photograpy paly a significant role in communication as any other media does. The representation theory excessively concerned with media ...
Read More
Protecting and upholding the ideology of media authorities, photo can be considered a tool for communication and meaning-making. Also the social-artistic activities of photograpy paly a significant role in communication as any other media does. The representation theory excessively concerned with media analysis. It should be noted that semiotic method gives the ability to examine hidden layers of media contents such as picture. Based on The representation theory and semiotics techniques, this paper involves in analyzing photography which represented in TotallyCoolPix Website with Theme of Muharam and Ashura (the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar). The outcomes of this analysis reveal that these photos represent Islam and Muslims as “other”, and also including a kind of deviation from the true Muharram rituals among Muslims. This set of pictures can be characterized by some features such as violence, masculinity, passive role of women in religious customs, cohesiveness and collective strength, which are become prevalent in Muslim communities. What is more, traditional Shiite symbols hinged upon these features and themes in these pictures. Overall, the concepts obtained from these pictures analysis illustrate that they are brimmed with violence which pave the way for more Islam- phobia in countries in the Occident.
Taher Roshandel; Sahar Dadjou; Fahime Negin Taji
Abstract
In this paper with the use of cultural studies approach and from the perspective of critical theory of everyday life scholars such as Henry Lvfvr, Michelle Dvsrtv, and John Fiske, and also by using Roland Barthe’s Semiotics approach, we discussed the Semiotic analysis and discovering ...
Read More
In this paper with the use of cultural studies approach and from the perspective of critical theory of everyday life scholars such as Henry Lvfvr, Michelle Dvsrtv, and John Fiske, and also by using Roland Barthe’s Semiotics approach, we discussed the Semiotic analysis and discovering the meaning of the image represented form different aspects of youth’s everyday life in context of Tehrann city in two levels of implicit and explicit implications at three movies” “Tehran, Tehran”, “Melissa” and “at the end of eighth Street. Films selection was based on purposive sampling and continuity in film making in order to reveal the directors view of different generation as well as the importance of the city as a driving element in the narrative. Image represented from Tehranian youths shows that their consideration of Citizenship status, is a vertical consideration that despite of their efforts in resisting the interests of the ruling power, eventually they see themselves in situations to be inevitably subordinate and passive receptive of environmental change. Special features of Tehran like will and power, put pressure on young people to make decision or reaction, and if they weren’t in this city, they would not act similar. The city that represented in this movies, is a place that characters have short and unstable relationship on it, and its insecurity atmosphere suppresses the aspirations of young people, in their demand to find their goals, tehran leads them outside its territory, Tehran is a place that put spaces among heroes, generations and its citizens ,which marginalize the new generation grew up in its context from the mainstream of the society at the expense of trying to choose and determining their own destiny
Jamal Mohammadi; Abdollah Bicheranlo
Abstract
This article is to do a sociologically analysis on transformation of values, Identities and life styles at Iranian post Islamic revolution society in cinema narrations. The method of study is qualitative; first the selected movies have been analyzed by applying semiotic narration analysis based on elements ...
Read More
This article is to do a sociologically analysis on transformation of values, Identities and life styles at Iranian post Islamic revolution society in cinema narrations. The method of study is qualitative; first the selected movies have been analyzed by applying semiotic narration analysis based on elements such as images, shots, actions, mise en secene, dialogues and scenes. Then their main social categories have been extracted and sociologically analyzed through thematic analysis strategy based on theoretical foundation of research. The population of research includes all post revolution Iranian cinema movies which 12 movies have been selected by purposive sampling method. These movies include; Narges, Fair People Wedding, Glass Agency, Under City Cover, Protest, Blue Scarf, Hemlock, Boutique, Wednesday Celebration, Trial in Street, about Eli & Separation of Nader & Simin. Findings show that selected movies narrate gaps, distinctness of social life domains, of instrumental rationality expansion & split of value systems
Hasan Bashir; Ali Eskandari
Abstract
Nowadays, mass media has prepared the ground to represent most issues of the human life in national and international levels. Cinema, as an example, becomes a suitable area for those who are keen to maintain the fundamental values of the society, such as "family". In this article, after introducing representation ...
Read More
Nowadays, mass media has prepared the ground to represent most issues of the human life in national and international levels. Cinema, as an example, becomes a suitable area for those who are keen to maintain the fundamental values of the society, such as "family". In this article, after introducing representation theory, which is the most important theory in media and cultural studies, we try to analysis the Iranian film of "Yeh Habbeh Ghand" (One Cube of Sugar) with the "Practical Discourse Analysis Method" (PDAM). The result of this analysis shows that the director by testing the effect of the traditional and modem values on Iranian family, suggested that the best way is to maintain both the traditional and modern values in the family.
Abdollah Givian; Zohreh Tavakoli
Abstract
Regarding representational function of media, the current dissertation intends to examine the changes in the representation of the image of the Iraqis in the Sacred Defense Cinema. Iraqies have been pictured as the "Others" during last three decades. Due to the importance and role of sacred defense and ...
Read More
Regarding representational function of media, the current dissertation intends to examine the changes in the representation of the image of the Iraqis in the Sacred Defense Cinema. Iraqies have been pictured as the "Others" during last three decades. Due to the importance and role of sacred defense and its cinematic representations of "Self" and "Other" and thereby its contribution in the process of reconstruction of Iranian national identity this research is aimed at studying represented images of Iraqies and its changes during last three decades. To reach this objective I first examined the concept and theories of representation as stated by Richard Dyer and Stuart Hall. Then to complement Hall’s theories I referred to other thinkers in the field of identity theory, ‘self’ and ‘the other’ as stated. In the chapter on methodology I’ve benefited from a combination of the patterns presented by Kate Selbi, Ran Kallory and Rolan Bart to analyze the texts.The findings of this thesis demonstrates that in order to depict the Iraqis in the sixties verbal codes were primarily used whereas in the seventies and the eighties social and technical codes were most used respectively.In the first decade Iraqis were portrayed as those people who are imagined to be cruel, inhuman, in which the emphasis was laid on the impact of the Iraqi’s invasion. In the second decade we see Iraqi’s depicted as dumb and fat people having thick moustaches and rough voices and in the third we see this portrayal to be transformed where Iraqi’s are shown to be our Muslim brothers who have been forced to fight in the war. Having observed, examined and analyzed the films, we found out that when facing ‘the other’, i.e. the Iraqis, the metaphor of the boundary or border was used. This border is seen between ‘self’ and ‘the other’, i.e. the Iranians and the Iraqis in all the chosen movies on the Sacred Defense. In the first decade there was an objective and real boundary whereas in the second we saw a transformation stage, where boundaries between ‘self’ and ‘the other’ were loose and shaking and finally over the third decade borders got utterly symbolic.
Heshmat Sadat Moinifar; Najmeh Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Everyday life representation is the subject of many media productions in the United States. While talking about everyday life, family could be very significant factor. Many different television genres in US such as soap operas and sitcoms which their emergence dated back to 1950s, have specified their ...
Read More
Everyday life representation is the subject of many media productions in the United States. While talking about everyday life, family could be very significant factor. Many different television genres in US such as soap operas and sitcoms which their emergence dated back to 1950s, have specified their topics to representation of family relations, dilemmas and problems. Leisure time and consumption patterns in a consumer society could be important in a sense that family relation, the way of choosing those patterns and their representation, could clarify the form and types of family relations in United States. Generally, understanding a family could be taken as a small piece of the greater society. The subject of study in this article is The Simpsons situation comedy. This famous situation comedies’ reputation has surpassed many cultural borders dates back to 1980s. As this sitcom is about American everyday life has absorbed many American and non-American viewers. This article will study the seasons 3-8 of this sitcom to answer the two following questions: 1. How every member of the Simpsons family, personally spend their leisure time? 2. How the Simpsons family spend their leisure time collectively? The theoretical base of this article is Stuart Hall`s theory of representation and the method is semiology. The unit of analysis in related sections is sequence and scene and in non-related sections is the subject of the special section.
Hossein Pirnajmoddin; Seyyed Mohammad Marandi; Mohamadreza Adeli
Abstract
This paper addresses the representations of the Muslim world, especially Iran, in Western media. These representations are traced back in orientalist discourse, one through which ‘knowledge’ is produced about the East which empowers the West to justify and maintain its dominance over its ...
Read More
This paper addresses the representations of the Muslim world, especially Iran, in Western media. These representations are traced back in orientalist discourse, one through which ‘knowledge’ is produced about the East which empowers the West to justify and maintain its dominance over its Eastern Other. The writers first discuss the nature and functions of representation and proceed to examine some of the aspects and strategies of the Western media approach to the Muslim world in general and Iran in particular. The aim is to shed some light on the discursive functions and formations involved here. The need to address such pressing issues in order to create a more balanced and rational atmosphere necessary for a fruitful dialogue between nations and cultures is emphasized.
Hossein Mirzaei; Amin Parvin
Abstract
Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward ...
Read More
Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward Saied, “The West and the Rest” of “Stuart Hall”, are the two salient works of this subject. The culture industries and human communications are the most effective issues in approach formation toward west. In this sense, we could consider the first generation of Iranians who traveled to west, as the first generation who represented “the other” in Iran. The aim of this article is to study representation of west in itinerary of Iranians who traveled to west during constitution revolution era. Thus, Rezaqoli Mirza, Haj Sayyah, Emad Alsanltaneh, Mirza Saleh Shirazi`s itineraries are the cases of this study. The aim question of this article is that how west has been represented in these itineraries? The hypothesis is that west, more than anything else is a historical-cultural construct. In order to explain theoretically the idea of “Otherization”, Dreda`s Deconstruction, Barthes`s theory of text, inter-textuality of Cristova, Lakan`s Psychoanalysis, Saussure and Bakhtin`s Linguistics, discourse of Foucault, Lakla and Moufe and Representation of Hall will be used. The texts of these itineraries are analyzed by Representation-Discourse`s Method. The mechanisms of stereotyping like naturalization, fetishism, deny and diminishing the deference, are used for analysis in this article.
Abdollah Givian; Mohammad Sarvi Zargar
Abstract
Dissimilarities among the reality and what is represented in media caused to efforts to explain how-ness and why-ness of what is called media representation of the world. Therefore, media representation has been on board in Cultural and Media Studies. Cultural Study presupposes that what should one focus ...
Read More
Dissimilarities among the reality and what is represented in media caused to efforts to explain how-ness and why-ness of what is called media representation of the world. Therefore, media representation has been on board in Cultural and Media Studies. Cultural Study presupposes that what should one focus on in exploring media texts are the underneath ideological and social elements, and their influence on the audience’s views. Hollywood, among other media productions, enjoys a distinguished, unique status in representing the world. The present study reviews “a discourse-within-a-discourse”. In the other words, Iran’s representation would be explored as a part of representing Orient (or Islam) in the western media. Here, Hollywood –as a media-within-mass-media- represents American Media in general. Reviewing movies produced in Hollywood within which Iran is represented, she is represented as the “subaltern other”. Thus, it could be said that Hollywood generally works in the “neo-racist” theoretical framework. In this study, 3 theoretical traditions; namely the Cultural Studies, Post-Colonial Studies, and Film Theory have been applied. The central “representation” concept in the present study is a combined derivation of Michel Foucault and Stewart Hall’s theories. Then, Edward Said’s ideas in Post-Colonial Studies would be explored. And finally, Film Theory would help to apply the concept of representation besides the Post-Colonial Studies in Film Studies.
Mohammad Rezaei; Abbas Kazemi
Abstract
The study of the process of representation in media is one of the important research areas in cultural studies. This article explores the different forms of media representation of ethnicity in Iranian T.V series based on constructivist representation approach as developed by Stuart Hall. To this end, ...
Read More
The study of the process of representation in media is one of the important research areas in cultural studies. This article explores the different forms of media representation of ethnicity in Iranian T.V series based on constructivist representation approach as developed by Stuart Hall. To this end, two series entitled “ if my dad was alive” , “ Deer of the ninth month” were analyzed in a qualitative manner. The main question is about fairness in representations ethnic groups in TV networks. Also, the authors compare the different forms of the representation of ethnicity and provide an internal critique, bearing in mind the objection, topics, priorities and policies related to production, procurement and broadcasting ratified to regulated T.V programs. According to findings, it could be said that the representation of ethnicity gives an unfair picture of certain groups. This approach created fuzziness in portraying minorities as groups having marginal and even negative roles in the society. Being marginalized, ethnic actors face limitations in expressing themselves. Therefore minorities subjects who speak in the public sphere encounter more serious restrictions.
Azam Ravadrad; Mahdi Montazer Ghaem; Parisa Sarkarati
Abstract
Regarding the importance of representation in redefining individuals and social groups’ identity, the interpretation of women from representation of feminine identity in television is examined in this article. The main question asks: what is the relationship between women’s interpretation ...
Read More
Regarding the importance of representation in redefining individuals and social groups’ identity, the interpretation of women from representation of feminine identity in television is examined in this article. The main question asks: what is the relationship between women’s interpretation of feminine identity in television and their media consumption. It was assumed that women resist against those media contents which reproduce unwanted identity for them, and they do this through not consuming the presented contents. The research method was qualitative, using intense interviews with women from different social groups having different characteristics. Using Stewart Hall’s concept of Encoding and Decoding, it is examined that how women with different characteristics in terms of occupation, education and their marital status, adopting different readings, produce different meanings for those serials which try to reproduce a housewife identity for women. The results showed that the kind of women’s interpretation of media representations is different according to their different characteristics, and that this is in relation to their selective usage of media contents and shaping the desired contents for them.
