Hamid Nassaj
Abstract
Self' and "other" are among the concepts that their relationship has been Some contemporary scholars conclude that the relation between. Questioned the two should finished by the necessity of another hearing and dialogue with the other And emphasize that this important point has not received much attention ...
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Self' and "other" are among the concepts that their relationship has been Some contemporary scholars conclude that the relation between. Questioned the two should finished by the necessity of another hearing and dialogue with the other And emphasize that this important point has not received much attention in the Western philosophy. For several reasons, there is little attention to listening and dialogue with others. In this article we will examine just one of these reasons: un-cultural definition of the other make interaction between us and the other impossible. As an example, we will remind some medieval Christian priests, Richard Burton and de Gobineau who differentiate themselves based on the curse of God, weather and race; components which empathize on none-cultural and involuntary differences. Un-cultural definition of the other, make the relation between self and other on "I - it" ratio. Biruni as an example of a cultural perspective to the other, with a definition of the other based on language, religion and customs, made the relationship with the other on" I-Thou" ratio.
Hossein Mirzaei; Amin Parvin
Abstract
Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward ...
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Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward Saied, “The West and the Rest” of “Stuart Hall”, are the two salient works of this subject. The culture industries and human communications are the most effective issues in approach formation toward west. In this sense, we could consider the first generation of Iranians who traveled to west, as the first generation who represented “the other” in Iran. The aim of this article is to study representation of west in itinerary of Iranians who traveled to west during constitution revolution era. Thus, Rezaqoli Mirza, Haj Sayyah, Emad Alsanltaneh, Mirza Saleh Shirazi`s itineraries are the cases of this study. The aim question of this article is that how west has been represented in these itineraries? The hypothesis is that west, more than anything else is a historical-cultural construct. In order to explain theoretically the idea of “Otherization”, Dreda`s Deconstruction, Barthes`s theory of text, inter-textuality of Cristova, Lakan`s Psychoanalysis, Saussure and Bakhtin`s Linguistics, discourse of Foucault, Lakla and Moufe and Representation of Hall will be used. The texts of these itineraries are analyzed by Representation-Discourse`s Method. The mechanisms of stereotyping like naturalization, fetishism, deny and diminishing the deference, are used for analysis in this article.
