Higher Education
F. Nasrollahinia; M. Yamani Douzi Sorkhabi; M. Farasatkhah; M. Rezaeizadeh
Abstract
Today, academic fields have turned into a powerful tool for shaping the society and play an important role in the production of science and the creation of scientific communities. But at the same times, the nature of science and its production in academic settings are encountered with changes and challenges. ...
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Today, academic fields have turned into a powerful tool for shaping the society and play an important role in the production of science and the creation of scientific communities. But at the same times, the nature of science and its production in academic settings are encountered with changes and challenges. In this study, based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory, we have tried to examine factors and challenges that university environments face with in the course of science production and hence, attempted to respond to the basic question: What are the factors and challenges of science production in the academic field? For that matter, using the meta-synthesis method, 62 articles were reviewed and their related categories and concepts were extracted and identified using the content analysis.
Higher Education
Alireza Moradi
Abstract
This paper reviews the concept of hidden curriculum in the sociological theories and wants to explain sociological aspects of formation of hidden curriculum. The main question concentrates on the theoretical approaches in which hidden curriculum is explained sociologically.For this purpose it was applied ...
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This paper reviews the concept of hidden curriculum in the sociological theories and wants to explain sociological aspects of formation of hidden curriculum. The main question concentrates on the theoretical approaches in which hidden curriculum is explained sociologically.For this purpose it was applied qualitative research methodology. The relevant data include various sociological concepts and theories of hidden curriculum collected by the documentary method. The study showed a set of rules, procedures, relationships and social structure of education have decisive role in the formation of hidden curriculum. A hidden curriculum reinforces by existed inequalities among learners (based on their social classes or statues). There is, in fact, a balance between the learner's "knowledge receptions" with their "inequality proportion".The hidden curriculum studies from different major sociological theories such as Functionalism, Marxism and critical theory, Symbolic internationalism and Feminism. According to the functionalist perspective a hidden curriculum has a social function because it transmits social values. Marxists and critical thinkers correlate between hidden curriculum and the totality of social structure. They depicts that curriculum prepares learners for the exploitation in the work markets. Symbolic internationalism rejects absolute hegemony of hidden curriculum on education and looks to the socialization as a result of interaction between learner and instructor. Feminism theory also considers hidden curriculum as a vehicle which legitimates gender stereotypes.
Higher Education
A. Vedadhir; A. Sedighian Bidgoli; Gh. Jafari
Abstract
Accepted doctoral students in the social sciences in Iran have doubled since 86-87Ta94-95T. This increase, apart from road infrastructure in the humanities and social sciences research. Lack of job opportunities, particularly in the field of professional and social sciences in Iran, the importance ...
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Accepted doctoral students in the social sciences in Iran have doubled since 86-87Ta94-95T. This increase, apart from road infrastructure in the humanities and social sciences research. Lack of job opportunities, particularly in the field of professional and social sciences in Iran, the importance of assessing the status of the actors involved in the field of social sciences has doubled. The study examines how a professional identity among doctoral students in the social sciences has been discussed. The research method used was based on grounded theory. The basic subject of study called the phenomenon of professional identity has been uneven.The study examines how a professional identity among doctoral students in the social sciences has been discussed. The research method used was based on grounded theory. The true measure of its regular professional knowledge, job definition in line with the social sciences and the mental representation and reproduction of knowledge is not consistent with the approach favored relationship.
Higher Education
M. Rahmanpoor; M.J. Liaghatdar; E. Afshar
Abstract
The aim of the this study was survey of cultural-social and human recourses challenges facing development of information technology in higher education in Iran. The population of this study was all graduate students studying in the Department of the State University in academic year 2010-2011. ...
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The aim of the this study was survey of cultural-social and human recourses challenges facing development of information technology in higher education in Iran. The population of this study was all graduate students studying in the Department of the State University in academic year 2010-2011. In first stage, Tehran, Allameh-Tabatabaee, San’ati-Sharif, Isfahan, Shiraz and Kurdistan Universities were selected as samples. Among these universities, 460 patients were randomly selected in proportion. Data were collected via a questionnaire. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient respectively 0/94, and its validity was confirmed by several professors. The data were calculated using SPSS statistical software and then analyzed. In Descriptive statistics level, indicators of frequency, percentage and standard deviation, and in inferential statistics level, T test, ANOVA and post hoc test was used. The results showed that in cultural-social dimension including the important challenges were the high ratio of computers to students, poor students searching spirit, and lack of English language teachers and students. In human resource dimension are also unfamiliar of the students with the how access to information in databases, shortage or lack of professional expertise in information technology, faculty and administrators do not understand the capabilities of information technology, were most important challenges Information technology in Iran's higher education.
Higher Education
Shahla Khalafi; Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh; Mehrdad Navabakhsh
Abstract
This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the ...
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This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the conflicts and to explain factors related to level of conflict of these values. This article has a combined approach ranging from Ethics theories based on inter- role conflict of Dahrendorf, scientific Ethics indicators of Resnick, Merton, Parsons, Goffman and Ethics Growth theories. Methodology is based on a field survey and its population is PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences from Shahid Beheshti University. One hundred ninety-six students were chosen by complete enumeration method and they were under a test by a questionnaire with total validity 80% and 81% .The results showed there is no complete conformity between theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students so that 16.33 of the students have over 60% conformity and 83.68 of them have over 40% unconformity and The level of unconformity in the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms are different in the three fields (among PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences). In addition, when the theoretical preferences -12 Ethics indicators- are considered to each other, there is no conflict among them but in the comparison of the theoretical preferences and behavioral preferences, there is unconformity (conflict) between theoretical and behavioral preferences.
Sociology
Zia Hashemi; Mohammad Rezaeie; Sepideh Akbarpouran
Abstract
The current tedious and exhausting conditions of schools make it necessary to adopt policies toward increasing happiness and esprit. Providing of a clear and common understanding of happiness is a prerequisite for the success of such policies. Given the current ambiguity and lack of such an understanding, ...
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The current tedious and exhausting conditions of schools make it necessary to adopt policies toward increasing happiness and esprit. Providing of a clear and common understanding of happiness is a prerequisite for the success of such policies. Given the current ambiguity and lack of such an understanding, this article concentrates on extracting “meaning/meanings of happiness in the semantic structure of the educational System”. For this purpose, we have used Laclau and Mouffe’s theoretical basis and frame the meaning structure of the education system as a “discourse” in which meaning of each signifier is only defined in relation with other signifiers and particularly master-signifiers. We gathered our information by analyzing existing organizational documents and also by utilizing semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that in the semantic system of the education system, there are one dominant and two temporary meanings for happiness. In the dominant meaning, happiness can both work toward perfection or becomes a barrier in front of it. Regarding temporary meanings, one of them is about motion and physical activities and the other is about physical characteristics of school. None of these meanings is completely consolidated. As a consequence, the ruling meaning structure could not stabilize any clear and unified meaning for happiness. These ambiguities at semantic level lead to confusion and conflicting performances at the policy-making level.
Higher Education
Ahmad Naderi; Reza Bayat
Abstract
In this study, immigrant students’ lives in Germany have been investigated and the aim was to understand the subjective meanings of agents with respect to the questions of the study. We can say that a student who moves to another country to continue his education, finds himself in a new culture, ...
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In this study, immigrant students’ lives in Germany have been investigated and the aim was to understand the subjective meanings of agents with respect to the questions of the study. We can say that a student who moves to another country to continue his education, finds himself in a new culture, (the general culture of country of destination as well as its academic culture.) he experiences the trends of changes starting from the time he decided to leave his own country and lead to his final act of returning or staying in country of destination forever. These changes happen in the lives of students through different phases that it can be said each experience in student’s life is a phase for him to change and every change, stimulates a feeling in him. Therefore, in this study, unlike other studies on this field, research efforts to investigate lived experience of participants. To achieve this goal, observation, participant observation, in-depth interviews and group interviews were used and eventually it became clear that the final act of the participants in this study was associated with a sense of ambivalence. Thus “Ambivalence” was driven to write ethnography. This feeling, regardless of their act, is always with them and its strength depends on the duration of inhabitancy and the success of their coordination with the host society and it reminds some notions in post-colonial theory which are called being on threshold, being in the middle and third space and being linked. During this study, we try to survey paths, each students traverse to study in Germany to answer why this feeling exists.
Higher Education
Masoumeh Qarakhani; S. Ayatollah Mirzaie
Abstract
Academic Dishonesty is one of the important issues in the higher education system of Iran, and reducing or preventing it requires identifying the factors which have an impact on it. The present study has analyzed the perceptions and understandings of PhD students in social science fields, who have a ...
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Academic Dishonesty is one of the important issues in the higher education system of Iran, and reducing or preventing it requires identifying the factors which have an impact on it. The present study has analyzed the perceptions and understandings of PhD students in social science fields, who have a wider experience of scientific socialization in the process of education, with the aim of identifying the factors influencing academic dishonesty in the space of social science in Iran. The findings of this research show that the factors influencing academic dishonesty in the space of social science education can be detected at two individual and structural levels. At the structural level, sources and rules, and at the individual level, academic dishonesty among three groups of actors in educational space, i.e. professors, students and managers (heads of departments and faculties), with reference to their individual and personality characteristics, have paved the way for academic dishonesty, or have resulted in its occurrence. In the framework of a combination of actor/structure in explaining social phenomena, the factors influencing academic dishonesty and non-conformity to the norms of the ethics of science in the educational space can be reduced neither to the role of the structure nor that of the actor. Dishonesty in the ethics of science in social science education and the factors affecting them can be explained in the light of a combination of structure and actor.
Higher Education
Reza Mahdi
Abstract
The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state ...
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The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.
Higher Education
Omid Shokri; Reza Reza Kormi Nouri; Mohammad Naghi Farahani; Alireza Moradi
Abstract
The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state ...
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The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.
Higher Education
Gholamreza KhajeSarvi; Reza Samim; Reza Kavand
Abstract
This article tries to formulate the diverse forms of Iranian confrontation with the Western civilization by focusing on the modernity as the most important aspect of this civilization. For this purpose, the article is focused primarily on the concept of modernism as the most important effect of Western ...
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This article tries to formulate the diverse forms of Iranian confrontation with the Western civilization by focusing on the modernity as the most important aspect of this civilization. For this purpose, the article is focused primarily on the concept of modernism as the most important effect of Western civilization at least in terms of representation in Iranian society; then, the whole confrontation of Iranian society with Western civilization is classified under three topic of West fascination, West selection and West aversion using interpretive method. The first two cases of these three types, contain subsets that are marked as distinct and defined, and for each type and their sub-sets, a set of intellectual representatives and citation samples are provided. The article, suggests resulted classification as a basis for understanding mental interaction of Iranian society with what is referred as the totality of Western civilization, in the field of intercultural studies and international politics.
Higher Education
Firouzeh Asghari; Mohammad Ali Nemati
Abstract
One of the most important objectives of academic research is to meet the scientific needs of society. The important factor that contributes to the establishment of trust and values with in order to provide stakeholders with academic research and its results is the scientific quality of research. PhD ...
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One of the most important objectives of academic research is to meet the scientific needs of society. The important factor that contributes to the establishment of trust and values with in order to provide stakeholders with academic research and its results is the scientific quality of research. PhD thesis, carried out by students and requiring a lot of time and money, constitute a considerable percentage of the research conducted at universities. The present study aims to identify the challenges of “the quality of PhD thesis” in Iran from the viewpoint of professors and students, as two major components in doing research in doctoral programs. This is a phenomenological research study, and the data collected through interviews with professors and students in doctoral programs is analyzed on the concept of “value chain”. The findings of the study indicate that the challenge of the quality of PhD thesis involves a multiple, multilayered interconnection of elements (students, professors, managers and policy-makers), organizational structure, procedures, rules and other environmental actors. In addition, a powerful and fast-moving current has developed between these layers, which is both affecting them and affected by them. There are instances of un-academic behaviors that have marred the scientific identity of universities and turned into a major challenge to the quality of doctoral thesis in Iran.