Cultural Studies
H. Beigi
Abstract
Religious rituals and mourning ceremonies are amongst the most important resources of reaching identity intellectual ruts and the lifestyle by the individuals who collectively exercise and continue them in a certain region. Hosseini mourning ritual ceremony, in Masuleh Residential Estate, is the performance ...
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Religious rituals and mourning ceremonies are amongst the most important resources of reaching identity intellectual ruts and the lifestyle by the individuals who collectively exercise and continue them in a certain region. Hosseini mourning ritual ceremony, in Masuleh Residential Estate, is the performance of traditional rites that put on their symbolic guise on the body of the Muslims’ lamentations after the entry of Islam into this region and updated the traditional ritual style for expressing sympathy with Imam Hussein (PBUH) and his companions. This cultural phenomenon that has been registered as a spiritual heritage needs to be seen so that its practical manifestations can be preserved and guarded hence not lost. Ritual tourism with its dramatic feature, repetition and redisplay of the course of event narrates the ritual actions and reactions before the eyes of the tourists and acts as a powerful medium for preserving the unique and lean characteristics of the regions. The present study is a descriptive and survey research that has been conducted through taking advantage of such means as interview and questionnaire based on convenience and snow ball methods amongst 340 domestic and foreign tourists of Hosseini mourning rites in Masuleh residential estate in 2018. The results of the investigations and analyses of the tourists’ ideas and outputs based on SPSS and Excel are expressive of the considerable role of ritual tourism in the preservation and guarding of the traditional rites and the necessity for equipping the region’s tourism infrastructures. In line with purposive guidance of the tourists and benefiting from the ritual tourism, the holding of specialized and well-planned tours is amongst the primary suggestions of the present study.
Cultural Studies
S. Fotuhi; N. Fazeli
Abstract
The present study phenomenologicaly examines and analyzes the lived experience of the Nowdeshah’ borderline residences. Based on a thematic analysis, four dimensions of the lived experiences studied are identified consisting of the cultural, environmental, economic and political experiences. In ...
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The present study phenomenologicaly examines and analyzes the lived experience of the Nowdeshah’ borderline residences. Based on a thematic analysis, four dimensions of the lived experiences studied are identified consisting of the cultural, environmental, economic and political experiences. In the cultural and environmental experience, the border is considered as a limiting wall and a factor in the abandonment of human communication, where as the political dimension is considered as a liberating frontier. From the economic point of view, the situation is more complicated and there are three different perspectives which are commonplace to the border phenomenon. The first one believes that the border is "potentially life- limiting". In this perspective the border is a barrier to economic relations, although it is necessary and might be existed and accepted. This is due to that fact that without the border it is too difficult to live and survive. In the second view, the border is seen as “liberalization of the market." In this sense, the frontier makes the two countries' economies more interconnected, and there is a two-way exchange between them, which does not provide for foreign cities. In the third approach, the border is considered as "deprivation from the center". In this view the border is seen an obstacle to development, and even to the acquisition of amenities.
Cultural Studies
N. Mousapour; L. Falahati; M. Mazinani
Abstract
Semiotics is the science of studying the sign systems and, in fact, an interpretive process for understanding the hidden truth behind the signs, mysteries, and signs and cultural symbols. In addition, semiotics tells us that structures can be meaningful. The sign system in the Islamic Republic of Iran ...
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Semiotics is the science of studying the sign systems and, in fact, an interpretive process for understanding the hidden truth behind the signs, mysteries, and signs and cultural symbols. In addition, semiotics tells us that structures can be meaningful. The sign system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is very important because of the creation of a new Shiite identity. The present study examines the process of transition from political symbols to social symbols in the stamps between 1979- 2001 as a cultural instrument of the Islamic Republic of Iran through a combination of content analysis and semiotics. The findings of this study indicate that the process of changing the emblems on stamps between 1979- 2001 indicates that the Islamic Republic of Iran's legitimacy has shifted from rulers to society and from political to social.
Cultural Studies
S.M. Hosseini; E. Farzaneh
Abstract
The present paper attempts to shed light on a literary discourse which has been dominant in Iranian literature field since mid-1380's .The case study here is an Iranian poet, Alireza Azar whose poems have been defined through four characteristic features, namely anti-idealism, disappointment toward ...
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The present paper attempts to shed light on a literary discourse which has been dominant in Iranian literature field since mid-1380's .The case study here is an Iranian poet, Alireza Azar whose poems have been defined through four characteristic features, namely anti-idealism, disappointment toward future, individualism, and death-oriented approach to life. Here we examine these features in relation to social and political changes in post-revolutionary Iran. In fact, Azar here serves as an exemplary model through which we can find out the correlations between social changes and the literary discourse. Considering that critical discourse inquires the relation between discourses and social context and goes beyond the historical limits and beliefs, it has been adopted as the method. Although there are different approaches in critical discourse, critical analysis of Norman Fairclough can conveniently explain how a certain notion of the world has been articulated. It understands any conceptual frameworks in its context, and challenges any absolute truths.
Cultural Studies
M. Fouladiyan; M. Dayyaree; R. Zohouri
Abstract
Study of how to spend non-native students of Ferdowsi University among leisure time, is purpose of this research. Non-native students experience different process in different terms related to leisure time due to special conditions. Entering in new environment, and often new experience in a metropolis, ...
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Study of how to spend non-native students of Ferdowsi University among leisure time, is purpose of this research. Non-native students experience different process in different terms related to leisure time due to special conditions. Entering in new environment, and often new experience in a metropolis, can be understood of people for different leisure time. In fact, since non-native student arrived in own city of study, shares his leisure time with his friends and his family plays a very small part in spending his leisure time. The more elbowroom, having more time to spend leisure time, getting to know new friends and different types of leisure time in a metropolis, opportunity to relationship with opposite sex and many other things will cause of difference in the leisure time of non-negative students. The method of this research was qualitative. With 40 non-native students, individual in-depth interviews were done and finally, by reaching theoretical saturation, the interviews were coded in three stages and finally -analyzed. One of the most important results of this study is the reduction of leisure time in the final semester. Also, the type of spending leisure time for non-native students in the final semester has differences that are discussed in the findings. Generally, Activities in social networks, relationship with opposite sex, street surfing and going to the park are most important leisure activities of the students. More than twenty of leisure time is described according to interviews in the report.
Cultural Studies
H. Heidarkhani
Abstract
Culture of citizenship in the form of values and norms that reflect the modern lifestyle and shaping human interaction in the context of collective life and the overall ability of the acquisition, defined and according to the new community is important. Given the importance of civic culture, this ...
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Culture of citizenship in the form of values and norms that reflect the modern lifestyle and shaping human interaction in the context of collective life and the overall ability of the acquisition, defined and according to the new community is important. Given the importance of civic culture, this research using field survey techniques, research tools and questionnaires using SPSS software and Smart PLS, to examine the role of social capital in adherence to the primary goal is civic culture. The study sample is in Kermanshah and 384 citizens over 18 years old using Cochran formula the sample size has been studied. The results indicate that the total amount of social capital (P= 0.34), and its dimensions of social trust (P= 0.39), social support (P= 0.30), social interaction (P= 0.35), social cohesion (P= 0.32) and social consciousness (P= 0.23) there is a significant positive relationship, so all hypotheses are confirmed. The results of structural equation model (Smart PLS) showed that social capital for a total of 0.53 commitment to civic culture of the variance explained, by considering the values of the coefficient of determination of the amount of average effect size is estimated to be 0.28.
Cultural Studies
M.A. Ayatollahi
Abstract
The cultural concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the ...
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The cultural concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the Iranians’ moral judgments in this regard. Using data collected from 200 personal weblogs, this study employed content analysis to investigate the semantic aspects of zerangi. It also used five discourse completion tasks to find out Iranians’ attitude toward and moral judgment of the concept in question. Thirty-three university students of the Jahrom University and 20 university professors of the Shiraz University and the University of Isfahan were included in this study. The results suggested that the participants had a negative attitude toward this concept in its pejorative form. Also, the analysis of results indicated that the majority of the participants in the study preferred unambiguous and absolute judgmental terms to ambiguous ones as an explanation for success stories, suggesting that Iranians prefer making absolute moral judgments to relative ones.
Cultural Studies
A. Rezaee
Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of "Mujō," one of the fundamental concepts of Japanese culture and thinking. The concept of Mujō, compared with other concepts and keywords necessary to understand Japanese culture, is completely unknown in Iran. In fact, this concept is a prerequisite for understanding ...
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This paper discusses the concept of "Mujō," one of the fundamental concepts of Japanese culture and thinking. The concept of Mujō, compared with other concepts and keywords necessary to understand Japanese culture, is completely unknown in Iran. In fact, this concept is a prerequisite for understanding many aspects of Japanese culture. Some of these aspects include the importance of sakura or cherry blossoms in Japanese culture, the reason for the preference of wood over stone in Japanese architecture, the justification for the tradition of samurai suicide by sword, the kamikaze concept, and the specificity of the meaning of the word for goodbye (sayonara). Mujō is also instrumental in understanding the theme of many Japanese poems, particularly Haiku. Mujō represents a kind of worldview that has emerged throughout the history of Japan and through the integration of genuine Japanese thoughts with the thoughts of Buddhism. After explaining the literal and conceptual meaning of Mujō, the present article deals with its manifestations in the literature, culture, society, and language of Japan. This article also attempts, from the perspective of a non-Japanese, to examine one aspect of the Japanese worldview. Based on the various interpretations of Mujō, the author has attempted to reconceptualize Mujō by interpreting it as "escape from eternity." The present article seeks to respond to the implications of this conceptualization.
Cultural Studies
Sh. Yusefi Moghadam; M.S. Zokaei
Abstract
The main question of this research is that how generational relations patterns in Iranian family are represented in six novels chosen from two periods: before and after the Islamic revolution of Iran. This research also tracks the changes that have been occurred in novels in regard with narrating generational ...
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The main question of this research is that how generational relations patterns in Iranian family are represented in six novels chosen from two periods: before and after the Islamic revolution of Iran. This research also tracks the changes that have been occurred in novels in regard with narrating generational relations during this period. Therefore novels have been considered as interpreting elements that clarifies major social changes including generation relations within the family. So Qualitative content analysis technique is utilized for analyzing texts According to the theoretical framework in this research, three general concepts in regard with generational relations is afforded: generation agreement, generation difference and interaction simultaneously, and generation gap. In spite of diversity of views about generational relations, generation gap was the dominant represented pattern in both pre and post revolution novels. Religious gap and idealistic views of characters are the main reasons of the generation gap in pre revolution novels. Generation gap in this period is of an ideologist character and shows a departure from tradition that should be interpreted in terms of tradition-modernity confrontation. Nowadays mass media and information technologies have transformed generational relations. These elements are expected to decrease generation gap or at least diminish the intensity of challenge between successive generations; especially due to the fact that they provide a nonlinear interpretation of these relations. But generation gap is still the main pattern represented in post revolution novels.
Sociology
S. Shari’ati Mazinani; S. Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
In recent decades, Maktab Qur'an(MQ),founded by Ahmad Muftizadeh (Iranian Sunni Kurdish scholar and political activist) in 1977,as the oldest Iranian Sunni Islamist group, has experienced different phases in its evolution, bothstructurally and discursively. In this study,using grounded theory,we have ...
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In recent decades, Maktab Qur'an(MQ),founded by Ahmad Muftizadeh (Iranian Sunni Kurdish scholar and political activist) in 1977,as the oldest Iranian Sunni Islamist group, has experienced different phases in its evolution, bothstructurally and discursively. In this study,using grounded theory,we have examined the social mechanisms affecting Iranian Sunni Kurds' tendency to Islamist movements (MQ as the case study, in the fourth phase of its structural evolution since1995). This study argues a major reason for Sunni Kurds’ orientation to Maktabis a tendency among people to live in a "community", and what makes this community ideal is a collective life that strengthenspersonal relationships and collective solidarity. Also, the dominant social relationships in society have moved toward a kind of "societal" relationshipcharacterized by impersonal relationships, alienation and increasing individualism. In this study it is argued that while the influence of societal world is increasing, some of its alienated inhabitants try to leave it and dwell in a new community. Therefore, currently, due to lack of other supportive structures in today's Iranian society, MQ, with its community-like characteristics, functions as a kind of haven for Iranian Sunni Kurds who feel alienated from the individualistic society.This is a new kind of "Hijra" in our modern era, which is not place-based but is rather characterized by transformations in Maktabi Muslims’ social ties and beliefs, which virtually provide them with a new Ummah–MaktabQur’an–to live in.
Cultural Studies
M. Farahmand; M. Damanbagh
Abstract
National attachment sense as one of the components of social Property is a key word in national culture. Any definition of society is Occurred by accepting attachment and commitment sense and the society is existed to some extent because people have positive sense about that. National attachment sense ...
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National attachment sense as one of the components of social Property is a key word in national culture. Any definition of society is Occurred by accepting attachment and commitment sense and the society is existed to some extent because people have positive sense about that. National attachment sense is considered as one the important affairs of any society and its proper recognition and full knowledge of authorities and affair operators about the effective social factors on that can be an effective step in recognizing the existent problems in society. The present research reviewed the relation between cultural components and national attachment among the Yazd citizens. The research statistical society was all of the Yazd’s 15 to 65 years old citizens that 384 people were selected as sample by Cochran formula. The tool of data gathering was researcher-made questionnaire that had appropriate validity and reliability. Sampling method has been multi-stage clustered. Results showed that there was a meaningful relationship between secularization, consumerism and virtual social networks with national attachment has been reverse and meaningful, but the relationship between age and values preferences with national attachment has been direct and meaningful. Independent variables in regression equation managed to explain 39 percent of national attachment variable changes. The greatest impact on dependent variable (national attachment) has belonged to the variables of secularization, age, values preferences and consumerism.
Cultural Studies
M. Kousari; A. Tafreshi
Abstract
How an idea is born and how a marginalized discourse is outstood? This is the question that discourse analysts in various fields always try to respond. This responsiveness always needs filling the Archive gaps of discourse analysis, so researchers who have intention to analyze, with reference of Synchronicity ...
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How an idea is born and how a marginalized discourse is outstood? This is the question that discourse analysts in various fields always try to respond. This responsiveness always needs filling the Archive gaps of discourse analysis, so researchers who have intention to analyze, with reference of Synchronicity or diachronic, can understand and analyze the evolution of discourses in various fields inter-subjectively. This research is about to respond this question and understand women identity in the second Pahlavi discourse in contemporary Iran. In addition, this research tries to help discourse researchers to understand the nature of discourse controversy in the second Pahlavi era and in what extend the current controversies in Iranian society about the semantic hegemony on women identity these controversies have different or similar semantics with second Pahlavi and its affiliates' discourse. Based on the above matter, the Shah’s most important speeches along with Zan-e Rooz magazine, as a close magazine to the second Pahlavi's official discourse is being analyzed using Laclau and Mof method. One of the results of this research is understanding the nodal point of "being up-to-date" for the second Pahlavi's discourse, which stands in close attraction with “being social". This discourse has a big emphasis on beauty and appeal and marginalizes hijab, especially Chador, as opposing such epistemes with rationality and calls them dogmatism. In addition second Pahlavi severely antagonizes Marxism and religious identities, but if we want to discuss its dominant aspect, the most discourse controversies represented by Zan-e Rooz magazine and the Shah’s speeches are related to antagonizing religion and religious identities and deconstructing their bonds with women identity.
Cultural Studies
M. Rezaie; A. Kazemi; H. Taheri Kia
Abstract
After 1979 Islamic revolution, from April 20 to 22, 1980 universities in Tehran, Tabriz and some other cities, experienced an outstanding political juncture. Active collegiate political groups were compelled to surrender their rooms and offices, and leave the universities’ campus. Accordingly, ...
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After 1979 Islamic revolution, from April 20 to 22, 1980 universities in Tehran, Tabriz and some other cities, experienced an outstanding political juncture. Active collegiate political groups were compelled to surrender their rooms and offices, and leave the universities’ campus. Accordingly, universities and cities were the scene of bloody clashes. As a matter of fact, university as the fortress of freedom, resistance and revolution against Pahlavi was about to change its revolutionary identity and to adapt new role of an engaged proponent of Islamic regime. Concerning to Badiou’s concept of empty space and Delousian Rhizomatic analysis, we study related news and pictures of related newspapers. Concludingly, we demonstrate the set of relations in which Islamic university renovates. Also, we illustrate how the universities, on the one hand, acted as an agent and a mechanism for de-centering the revolutionary characteristic, and remaining this “Holy Place”, in Ayatollah Khomeini’s word, as a permanent Islamic partisan of new born political regime, simultanouly.
Cultural Studies
Mahsa Safarnejad; Amirreza Karimi Azar; Hamzeh Ghalamalizade
Abstract
Identity preservation in the design of the built environment and trying to manifested in today buildings of the most important objectives in architecture, because the most important factor is the transfer of identity among the citizens. However, the process of globalization has reduced the possibility ...
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Identity preservation in the design of the built environment and trying to manifested in today buildings of the most important objectives in architecture, because the most important factor is the transfer of identity among the citizens. However, the process of globalization has reduced the possibility of local identity and has led to a crisis of identity and meaning in contemporary architecture. That its consequences include lack of confidence, lack of belonging to the place and generally psychological shortcomings. Therefore, in this study, we used Descriptive analytic and Exploratory scrolling To find effective variables in promoting identity and increasing citizens’ sense of belonging based on library research and using questionnaire. For final confirmation of hypotheses semi-structured interviews with 11 specialists in architecture and urbanism And a survey of 407 citizens from Guilan were conducted. And finally we analyzed w the responses by Spss software and by using the Pearson correlation test, variance and the regression. The relationship between Independent variables extractive and the dependent variable was analyzed and ranked by the theoretical model and design principles. According to the research findings, with permeability, Sensory richness attention to the facades of buildings, Native symbols and signs, Readability in physical form and considering the background in the design, can result in Improvement the identity of the society and increase the citizens’ sense of belonging.
Cultural Studies
Hamed Bakhshi; Ameneh Akhlaghi; S. Mohammad Baqer Hosseini; S. Mohamadnaghi Mousavi
Abstract
The research is conducted to “describe the emotional valence of the relation between tourists and host in Mashhad”. Using the secondary analysis method, the researchers have used data from “assessment of pilgrims’ attitudes about Mashhad residents and service providers” ...
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The research is conducted to “describe the emotional valence of the relation between tourists and host in Mashhad”. Using the secondary analysis method, the researchers have used data from “assessment of pilgrims’ attitudes about Mashhad residents and service providers” survey. During the survey interviewees described Mashhad residents with specific words (attributions). In this research the attributions have been analyzed in platform of related literatures in sphere of psychology and sociology of emotions theories (especially the Turner and Plutchik categorization of emotions). Findings examined that the pilgrims’ emotions was positive rather than negative. Thus security- fear dimension was not explicitly remarked. Besides “acceptance” was marked as a factor in building positive emotions while the “hate” was marked as a factor that creates negative emotions. Negative emotions indicate on the existence of gap between tourists’ expectation and their real trip. The hate, contempt and anger emotions of tourist have been described as outcome of not receiving desired respect and attention from host community, violation of ethical and accepted high social norms and finally, voilation of justice and fairness from Mashhad residents’ side.
Sociology
Vajihe Javani; Mojtaba Amiri
Abstract
The hijab is one of our Cultural religious norms and on the other hand, it is one of the most important aspects of soft war on behalf of enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Therefore, the bad Dressed is undoubtedly one of the consequences of cultural invasion. And cross-sectional approaches couldn’t ...
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The hijab is one of our Cultural religious norms and on the other hand, it is one of the most important aspects of soft war on behalf of enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Therefore, the bad Dressed is undoubtedly one of the consequences of cultural invasion. And cross-sectional approaches couldn’t be useful for understanding the problem deeply and doesn’t provide enough knowledge for effective and efficient cultural planning. The study aims to investigate the causes of the emergence of bad dressed and ways to deal with it. At this descriptive-survey study field as well as library studies were used to develop a theoretical frame work. Data collected through the researcher-made questionnaire that was validated and justified. The data was analyzed through using structural equation modeling. Conceptual framework was based on systematic thinking and comprehensive approach to the bad dressed phenomena. Thus the hijab is considered as a social system and the main elements in four sections; inputs, process, outcomes, and feedback were investigated.
Cultural Studies
Amir Khorasani; Mogammadsaeed Zokaee
Abstract
In this paper we will explore the relation between the actors’ understanding of time and the problem solving strategies in a complicated situation. Drawing on ethnography and conversation analysis we will focus on the institutional interaction order governing the scenes these movies exhibit. Using ...
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In this paper we will explore the relation between the actors’ understanding of time and the problem solving strategies in a complicated situation. Drawing on ethnography and conversation analysis we will focus on the institutional interaction order governing the scenes these movies exhibit. Using phenomenology and Ernest Pople indices, we aim to analyze the understanding made of the time in these conversations. In doing so we will consider the moment in which the violators rationalize the reasons behind their violations. The results show that while the time that law, the police and even the road technologies rely on is homogeneous and linear, the drivers employ the expressions connotating an iterative understanding of time. The paper concludes with showing how the law breaking drivers base their conversations on a nonlinear time to manage the difficult situations they are involved with. This suggests that far from a universal category, time is a category constantly taking different shapes in different everyday encounters.
Cultural Studies
Sare Mazinani Shariati; Reza TaslimiTehrani
Abstract
This article aims at understanding ordinary Tehran residents’ attitudes towards Death and Dying and recognizes the relationship between Death and Religion in their thoughts. Using Grounded Theory as method and semi structured interview as a technique, we reached to nine different Cultural scripts ...
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This article aims at understanding ordinary Tehran residents’ attitudes towards Death and Dying and recognizes the relationship between Death and Religion in their thoughts. Using Grounded Theory as method and semi structured interview as a technique, we reached to nine different Cultural scripts of death and dying among interviewees, including: fatalistic death, resurrection-oriented death, martyrdom-oriented death, mystical death, secular death, aesthetic/nihilistic death, agnostic death, and ambiguity-oriented death. Furthermore, we recognized religious and non-religious cultural scripts besides the rationalization and individualization of religion among them. According to our findings, there is no accordance between some interviewees’ thoughts and beliefs with their behavior and lifestyle so that one cannot guess people’s attitudes towards death and dying from their behavior or their appearance. In other words, we face no structural Homology between their ideas and their lifestyle. Moreover, most interviewees had mixed ideas and beliefs about death and dying, and it can indicate the social and cultural complexity of Tehran society.
Cultural Studies
Somayeh Shalchi; Marzieh Shojaee; Hamidreza Farhangi
Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
In city planning, a fundamental point is to evaluate the city image. The concept of city image is multidimensional. This study evaluate the city image of Tehran and its consequences. Tehran regenerates for many years. This modernization process creates new city image, urban identity and new relationship ...
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In city planning, a fundamental point is to evaluate the city image. The concept of city image is multidimensional. This study evaluate the city image of Tehran and its consequences. Tehran regenerates for many years. This modernization process creates new city image, urban identity and new relationship between residents. This study has qualitative approach. Interview and thematic analysis used for collective and analyses data from 20 citizens. This sample selected equally from north and south of Tehran as developed and undeveloped urban region. Conceptual framework consist Blasé outlook of Simmel, meaning of memory and city of Benjamin and concepts of alienation and spaces of representation in Lefebvre theory. Findings reveal that process of regeneration destroys memories of citizens. They can’t relate with new urban spaces. Regeneration makes separation image from north and south of Tehran. Residents of south feel sense of deprivation, exclusion and inequality. Interviewees miss their human relationship like neighbors, so they feel loneliness. Totally, elements of city image of residents show alienated sense of place in Tehran.
Cultural Studies
Fardin Alikhah; Masomeh Shadmanfaat
Abstract
There has been a huge concern about the manner of confrontations of different social groups with urban public spaces within urban scholars. Among these social groups, young people have been particularly important. Because they have a tangible presence in the city's public spaces and social life of the ...
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There has been a huge concern about the manner of confrontations of different social groups with urban public spaces within urban scholars. Among these social groups, young people have been particularly important. Because they have a tangible presence in the city's public spaces and social life of the city are affected by their presence. This paper examines the uses of public spaces by young people and will pay special attention to the role of social control on use of public spaces. Paper focuses on the study of young people who attend in public places with their friends from opposite sex. We have inspired by theories of urban public spaces such as Oldenburg's third place as well as comprehensive research of Rob White on crime, policing and urban public spaces in Australia in this paper. The main question of the paper is that this particular group of young people choose which public spaces and why? In a qualitative approach, two techniques of observation and in - depth interviews have been chosen for collecting data. Original data collected in interviews with 20 girls and boys who attend in public places with their friends from opposite sex. Results show that parks and coffee shops are preferred urban public places of youth. Formal control would push these youth to out of the way and cozy public spaces.
Cultural Studies
jamal mohamadi; Shaghayegh Binandeh
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to conduct a qualitative study, namely grounded theory, on how a specific kind of femininity is constructed through the consumption of luxury goods. To gain this purpose, the everyday consuming activities of women in leisure classes in Sanandaj would be studied. Historically, ...
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The main purpose of this research is to conduct a qualitative study, namely grounded theory, on how a specific kind of femininity is constructed through the consumption of luxury goods. To gain this purpose, the everyday consuming activities of women in leisure classes in Sanandaj would be studied. Historically, two theoretical approaches have dominated the field of luxury consumption: The classic approach of wealth - based luxury consumption and the recent approach of luxury competencies. The theoretical basis of this research is a synthesis of both approaches, with more emphasis on classic one. The sample is chosen by way of purposeful sampling whereby 21 women from Sanandaj leisure classes are interviewed in three districts: Shalman, Safari, Mobarakabad. The data were analyzed through coding processes and categorized under five categories: causal condition, contextual condition, intervening condition, strategies and consequences. The concluding core category is the representation of a kind of hegemonic femininity which, according to what data tell us, is totally the outcome of luxury consumption. The leisure classed women use two different strategies to strengthen and reproduce this femininity: the fist one serves to construct a pseudo- aristocratic femininity and the second functions to reproduce their hegemonic status in social hierarchy. The luxury consumption has also some main consequences in leisure classed women’ lives which mostly serve to strengthen aristocratic values like representing pride and prejudice, claiming to originality and family lineage.
