Iranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222Iranians’ Attitudes toward and their Moral Judgment of Market Place ShrewdnessIranians’ Attitudes toward and their Moral Judgment of Market Place Shrewdness12134710.22631/jicr.2018.1132.1925FAM.A.AyatollahiAssistant Professor of Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Department of English, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University-Sepidan Branch, Sepidan, Iran.Journal Article20170219The cultural concept of <em>zerangi</em> (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of <em>zerangi </em>(market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the Iranians’ moral judgments in this regard. Using data collected from 200 personal weblogs, this study employed content analysis to investigate the semantic aspects of <em>zerangi</em>. It also used five discourse completion tasks to find out Iranians’ attitude toward and moral judgment of the concept in question. Thirty-three university students of the Jahrom University and 20 university professors of the Shiraz University and the University of Isfahan were included in this study. The results suggested that the participants had a negative attitude toward this concept in its pejorative form. Also, the analysis of results indicated that the majority of the participants in the study preferred unambiguous and absolute judgmental terms to ambiguous ones as an explanation for success stories, suggesting that Iranians prefer making absolute moral judgments to relative ones. The cultural concept of <em>zerangi</em> (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of <em>zerangi </em>(market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the Iranians’ moral judgments in this regard. Using data collected from 200 personal weblogs, this study employed content analysis to investigate the semantic aspects of <em>zerangi</em>. It also used five discourse completion tasks to find out Iranians’ attitude toward and moral judgment of the concept in question. Thirty-three university students of the Jahrom University and 20 university professors of the Shiraz University and the University of Isfahan were included in this study. The results suggested that the participants had a negative attitude toward this concept in its pejorative form. Also, the analysis of results indicated that the majority of the participants in the study preferred unambiguous and absolute judgmental terms to ambiguous ones as an explanation for success stories, suggesting that Iranians prefer making absolute moral judgments to relative ones. http://www.jicr.ir/article_347_c5ff2543b53f4cc0ad3819a36752467b.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222The Iranian, Cultural Imagology in the Mirror of Polak's ItineraryThe Iranian, Cultural Imagology in the Mirror of Polak's Itinerary233934810.22631/jicr.2018.1272.2032FAT.ZeynivandAssociate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. t_zinivand56@yahoo.comP.AmiriM.A. Student of Persian Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20170307The imagology is an attempt to better understand the judgment of others about ourselves and also to remove the layers of the text, and to understand facts or distortions, alterations, and the special perceptions that make it possible for the reader to understand the work of literature as the effect of the author's thoughts and perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the history of the images depicted by Edward Polak, a German travel writer, about the lifestyle, livelihood, customs, traditions, habits and social norms of Iranians of the Qajar era. The article is based on "text readability in the light of Imagology" in a descriptive way. The present study firstly presents its readings on Polak's narrative at two general levels, with a positive and negative look, then the examples of positive-looking text images in the form of the alignment and admiration of "me" from the geography of the "West" to the culture of " the other "(Iran) in the" East ". And secondly, considering the negative view based on the common pattern of Orientalism in the dimensions of the epistemological contradictions between the two identities of "me" and "the other" with regard to the position of the "West" and "East" in the dimensions of stereotyping and extension, magnifying the contrasts, and humiliating and insulting, has read the images.The imagology is an attempt to better understand the judgment of others about ourselves and also to remove the layers of the text, and to understand facts or distortions, alterations, and the special perceptions that make it possible for the reader to understand the work of literature as the effect of the author's thoughts and perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the history of the images depicted by Edward Polak, a German travel writer, about the lifestyle, livelihood, customs, traditions, habits and social norms of Iranians of the Qajar era. The article is based on "text readability in the light of Imagology" in a descriptive way. The present study firstly presents its readings on Polak's narrative at two general levels, with a positive and negative look, then the examples of positive-looking text images in the form of the alignment and admiration of "me" from the geography of the "West" to the culture of " the other "(Iran) in the" East ". And secondly, considering the negative view based on the common pattern of Orientalism in the dimensions of the epistemological contradictions between the two identities of "me" and "the other" with regard to the position of the "West" and "East" in the dimensions of stereotyping and extension, magnifying the contrasts, and humiliating and insulting, has read the images.http://www.jicr.ir/article_348_01386bd6d8e091c2ab4c7c7de644d37b.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222Content Analysis of the First Secondary School PersianTextbooks on the Basis of Paying Attention to Components of the Cultural CapitalContent Analysis of the First Secondary School PersianTextbooks on the Basis of Paying Attention to Components of the Cultural Capital416534910.22631/jicr.2018.1412.2132FAM.Herfati Sobhani LeylabadiM.A of Curriculum Development, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univesrity, Tabriz, IranM.PiriAssociate Professor of Curriculum Development, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani Univesrity, Tabriz, IranJournal ArticleThe purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Persian textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used descriptive and content analysis research method due to the nature of study.The population included in all content of first secondary schoolPersian textbooks during 2015-2016 school year. The sample was equal population. The tool of research included in the self mode content analysis check-list cultural capital with regard to Bourdieu's theories that for estimate check-list validity, were used content validity. Reliability through scott method was calculated for l 89/45 percent . Frequency measurement method and Shannon entropy were used for data analysis. The findings study showed that the institutionalized component has the least degree of attention. Objectified component in all books has sufficient coefficient and in, Persian and Thinking and Life Style books have the highest degree if importance While the embodied component in spite of favorable attention in Heavenly Messages and Social Studies books, No rightful place in Thinking and Lifestyle and Persian books.The purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Persian textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used descriptive and content analysis research method due to the nature of study.The population included in all content of first secondary schoolPersian textbooks during 2015-2016 school year. The sample was equal population. The tool of research included in the self mode content analysis check-list cultural capital with regard to Bourdieu's theories that for estimate check-list validity, were used content validity. Reliability through scott method was calculated for l 89/45 percent . Frequency measurement method and Shannon entropy were used for data analysis. The findings study showed that the institutionalized component has the least degree of attention. Objectified component in all books has sufficient coefficient and in, Persian and Thinking and Life Style books have the highest degree if importance While the embodied component in spite of favorable attention in Heavenly Messages and Social Studies books, No rightful place in Thinking and Lifestyle and Persian books.http://www.jicr.ir/article_349_0bb4aec1710521c12ee76289d9440817.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222The Role of Cultural and Identity Differences in Self-expression of Iranian Users of Social Networking Sites; A Case Study of Students of Tehran University, Amirkabir University, and Sharif University of TechnologyThe Role of Cultural and Identity Differences in Self-expression of Iranian Users of Social Networking Sites; A Case Study of Students of Tehran University, Amirkabir University, and Sharif University of Technology678735010.22631/jicr.2018.1445.2159FAH.MolaeiAssistant Professor, Media and Communication, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranZ.MajdizadehM.A. in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170422Social media with their features such as interactivity, participatory, and user-generated content have provided a great opportunity for self-expression of the users. However, cultural differences affect the extent and modality of users’ self-expression. This study aims to investigate the modality of self-expression of Iranian users of the social networking sites. In doing so, an online survey was conducted among the students of three Iran universities: University of Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology, and Sharif University of Technology. A total of 371 students participated in the study. Having conducted quantitative analysis, the study results showed that women and ethnic minorities are more inclined to support their cultural differences compared to men and ethnic majority group. Supporting cultural differences was observed more among Shia religious majority group. Religious minorities expressed less tendency to create content in social networking sites and as a result support their religious identity.Social media with their features such as interactivity, participatory, and user-generated content have provided a great opportunity for self-expression of the users. However, cultural differences affect the extent and modality of users’ self-expression. This study aims to investigate the modality of self-expression of Iranian users of the social networking sites. In doing so, an online survey was conducted among the students of three Iran universities: University of Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology, and Sharif University of Technology. A total of 371 students participated in the study. Having conducted quantitative analysis, the study results showed that women and ethnic minorities are more inclined to support their cultural differences compared to men and ethnic majority group. Supporting cultural differences was observed more among Shia religious majority group. Religious minorities expressed less tendency to create content in social networking sites and as a result support their religious identity.http://www.jicr.ir/article_350_9de6d14fff9806d4bcd1ef555be766cd.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222Understanding of the Other in Cyberspace; Study of Political Parties in Iran, Fundamentalists and ReformistsUnderstanding of the Other in Cyberspace; Study of Political Parties in Iran, Fundamentalists and Reformists8911835210.22631/jicr.2018.921.1775FAV.ShalchiAssistant Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, IranS.RahimiM.A in Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170318The Iranian society- despite wishes or some ideals or in a controversy way stereotypes - is a sophisticated society with high level of diversity across the class, ideologies, life styles etc. Therefore surviving of this historical entity requires a set of cultural trait, which fascinates social interactions across the diversity. This article based on Bakhtin and Bauman theoretical view, concerns on the imaginization of each other through Reformist and Pricipalist political blocs. Through thematic analyses, it studies a sample of websites of two main wings of Iranian power field. The article looks to characterize the image of “self” and “other” that is created through political websites. The main questions are how they represent other and self. This is important if we want to problemize the dialogue in Iran. The results show that this way of narrative can not be a proper abscess for understanding the other as a key needs for Iranian circumstance. it almost shows a “bearable other” which can bear for our dignity not its deserved. In other word not for their right or merit but for their generosity.The Iranian society- despite wishes or some ideals or in a controversy way stereotypes - is a sophisticated society with high level of diversity across the class, ideologies, life styles etc. Therefore surviving of this historical entity requires a set of cultural trait, which fascinates social interactions across the diversity. This article based on Bakhtin and Bauman theoretical view, concerns on the imaginization of each other through Reformist and Pricipalist political blocs. Through thematic analyses, it studies a sample of websites of two main wings of Iranian power field. The article looks to characterize the image of “self” and “other” that is created through political websites. The main questions are how they represent other and self. This is important if we want to problemize the dialogue in Iran. The results show that this way of narrative can not be a proper abscess for understanding the other as a key needs for Iranian circumstance. it almost shows a “bearable other” which can bear for our dignity not its deserved. In other word not for their right or merit but for their generosity.http://www.jicr.ir/article_352_371bce7dc83817b7893bcdeed13799b5.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222A Comparative, Historical Study of Gender Representation in Persian, English, and French Textbooks in Iran within a Seventy-year Period (1938-2015) with an Interdisciplinary ApproachA Comparative, Historical Study of Gender Representation in Persian, English, and French Textbooks in Iran within a Seventy-year Period (1938-2015) with an Interdisciplinary Approach11915035310.22631/jicr.2018.1442.2157FAM.AllahyariM.A. in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranS.KetabiAssociate Professor of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20170418Gender is an important cultural issue towards which there are different views in different cultures. Investigating the similarities and differences among cultures can shed light knowing that cultures. In this regard, educational systems play a vital role, either directly or indirectly, in familiarizing students with different cultures, and textbooks are recognized as one of the most important tools for framing students’ intellectual framework. This way, the specific purpose of the present study is to examine the representation of gender in Persian, English, and French textbooks written in a seventy-year old period (i.e. from 1938 to 2015). In this regard, nine textbooks including: 3 Persian textbooks written in 1940 (1319), 1984 (1361), and 2012 (1391); 3 French textbooks written in 1937 (1316), 1988 (1367), and 2012 (1391); and 3 English textbooks written in 1940 (1319), 1984 (1361), and 2012 (1391) were gathered and investigated. The results of qualitative content analysis and frequency measures showed similarities and differences regarding the representation of gender in the textbooks that seem to have been less visible. Moreover, in English and French textbooks, there are some traces of bias towards females. The results of the present study could open new vistas towards intercultural relationships among Iran, England, and French.Gender is an important cultural issue towards which there are different views in different cultures. Investigating the similarities and differences among cultures can shed light knowing that cultures. In this regard, educational systems play a vital role, either directly or indirectly, in familiarizing students with different cultures, and textbooks are recognized as one of the most important tools for framing students’ intellectual framework. This way, the specific purpose of the present study is to examine the representation of gender in Persian, English, and French textbooks written in a seventy-year old period (i.e. from 1938 to 2015). In this regard, nine textbooks including: 3 Persian textbooks written in 1940 (1319), 1984 (1361), and 2012 (1391); 3 French textbooks written in 1937 (1316), 1988 (1367), and 2012 (1391); and 3 English textbooks written in 1940 (1319), 1984 (1361), and 2012 (1391) were gathered and investigated. The results of qualitative content analysis and frequency measures showed similarities and differences regarding the representation of gender in the textbooks that seem to have been less visible. Moreover, in English and French textbooks, there are some traces of bias towards females. The results of the present study could open new vistas towards intercultural relationships among Iran, England, and French.http://www.jicr.ir/article_353_138bb0696595b338afbab333c555292a.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184710420171222Persian Linguistic and Rhetorical Pathology in The Telegram Communication NetworkPersian Linguistic and Rhetorical Pathology in The Telegram Communication Network15116835110.22631/jicr.2018.1608.2272FAM.Hedayat MofidiPhD Student of General Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranA.KamyabigolAssistant Professor of General Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranA.AlizadehAssociate Professor of General Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20170803Today, the mobile phone, with its wide range of features, is an inexpensive, easy to use, and most modern communication tool. One of the special applications of smart phones is providing spaces and facilities such as SMS services, virtual networks, and interactive groups that link people and groups from different linguistic and cultural background. In this paper, we tried to study the messages of the Farsi-speaking users of the Telegram communication network from the linguistics perspective. In this regard, the linguistics and rhetorical correspondence of short messages in Persian language was studied by the content-analysis method. The statistical population consisted of 150 messages which contained 327 sentences. These messages were randomly selected from 5 different groups. Persian language used in cyberspace differs from standard Persian language. The first step in correcting communication language errors in cyberspace is to inform the users about the type of errors.Today, the mobile phone, with its wide range of features, is an inexpensive, easy to use, and most modern communication tool. One of the special applications of smart phones is providing spaces and facilities such as SMS services, virtual networks, and interactive groups that link people and groups from different linguistic and cultural background. In this paper, we tried to study the messages of the Farsi-speaking users of the Telegram communication network from the linguistics perspective. In this regard, the linguistics and rhetorical correspondence of short messages in Persian language was studied by the content-analysis method. The statistical population consisted of 150 messages which contained 327 sentences. These messages were randomly selected from 5 different groups. Persian language used in cyberspace differs from standard Persian language. The first step in correcting communication language errors in cyberspace is to inform the users about the type of errors.http://www.jicr.ir/article_351_efe937780e95574250dabe07151bdc23.pdf