Iranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321Perceived Values Patterns for the Players of the Different Digital Games PlatformsPerceived Values Patterns for the Players of the Different Digital Games Platforms12537710.22035/jicr.2019.377FAS. M.Seyed HosseiniPhD Candidate in Communication Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranP.NejadiMA in Pure Statistics, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranH.NasiriPhD Candidate in Technology Management, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management & Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8869-3600Journal Article20181101In addition to this fact that digital games are recognized as a growing industry at a rapid pace, they can be considered sophisticated and state-of-the-art media in nowadays' world. A medium that maximizes its interaction with the audiences and therefore has a considerable effectiveness. A medium at this level is enumerated as a proper context for conveying cultural and invaluable concepts in that it is of great importance to have a perception about the relationship between audiences and this medium. Our objective in this article is presenting an approach to measure performance, monetary, emotional, social and innovative perceived values across three popular gaming platforms which are Mobile, Computer, and Console. Then, through a collected data of the national survey conducted by DIREC (Digital Game Research Center) with a sample size of 6232, patterns of perceived values and its differences are inspected. Results revealed not only are perceived values significantly different between platforms but also they vary within platforms. The most important factor which contributes to this difference is a high level of the social perceived value in the Console platform. Analyses and interpretations of this article can help to take more advantage of the digital games as a medium for value creation.In addition to this fact that digital games are recognized as a growing industry at a rapid pace, they can be considered sophisticated and state-of-the-art media in nowadays' world. A medium that maximizes its interaction with the audiences and therefore has a considerable effectiveness. A medium at this level is enumerated as a proper context for conveying cultural and invaluable concepts in that it is of great importance to have a perception about the relationship between audiences and this medium. Our objective in this article is presenting an approach to measure performance, monetary, emotional, social and innovative perceived values across three popular gaming platforms which are Mobile, Computer, and Console. Then, through a collected data of the national survey conducted by DIREC (Digital Game Research Center) with a sample size of 6232, patterns of perceived values and its differences are inspected. Results revealed not only are perceived values significantly different between platforms but also they vary within platforms. The most important factor which contributes to this difference is a high level of the social perceived value in the Console platform. Analyses and interpretations of this article can help to take more advantage of the digital games as a medium for value creation.http://www.jicr.ir/article_377_d34ab169b70c9dcd35e62896010cd9ff.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321A Framework for Identifying the Proper Mechanics of Computer Games for Teaching Cognitive TopicsA Framework for Identifying the Proper Mechanics of Computer Games for Teaching Cognitive Topics275837810.22035/jicr.2019.378FAH.DehghanzadehPhD Student of Educational Technology, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranH.DehghanzadehAssistant Professor of Educational Technology, Educational Sciences Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranB.MinaeiAssociate Professor of Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20181101The purpose of the present study was to develop a computer game design framework for learning a variety of cognitive topics and assessing its effectiveness in procedural learning. To achieve this goal, a mixed research method was used. In the qualitative phase for obtaining the framework, a deductive analysis was employed and in quantitative part for internal validation, a survey method to extract the experts' point of view was utilized. Moreover, for evaluating external validity in procedural learning, a pretest and post-test experimental group with a control group was used. Through analyzing the data related to the mechanics of computer games, 32 essential mechanics of computer games were extracted. Mechanics such as problem solving, search and exploration, action, implementation, hierarchy, and time limits were used for procedural learning in digital games. The proposed mechanics for internal validation were sent to 25 learning and game specialists and the results of the analysis of the internal validity of the framework assessment showed that the proposed framework for teaching cognitive subjects has a good validity. Furthermore, in order to obtain the external validity of the proposed framework, 40 students were placed in experimental (20) and control (20) groups. The results of covariance analysis to examine the effectiveness of an external validation also showed that there is a significant difference between the game design based on the proposed framework and the normal game.The purpose of the present study was to develop a computer game design framework for learning a variety of cognitive topics and assessing its effectiveness in procedural learning. To achieve this goal, a mixed research method was used. In the qualitative phase for obtaining the framework, a deductive analysis was employed and in quantitative part for internal validation, a survey method to extract the experts' point of view was utilized. Moreover, for evaluating external validity in procedural learning, a pretest and post-test experimental group with a control group was used. Through analyzing the data related to the mechanics of computer games, 32 essential mechanics of computer games were extracted. Mechanics such as problem solving, search and exploration, action, implementation, hierarchy, and time limits were used for procedural learning in digital games. The proposed mechanics for internal validation were sent to 25 learning and game specialists and the results of the analysis of the internal validity of the framework assessment showed that the proposed framework for teaching cognitive subjects has a good validity. Furthermore, in order to obtain the external validity of the proposed framework, 40 students were placed in experimental (20) and control (20) groups. The results of covariance analysis to examine the effectiveness of an external validation also showed that there is a significant difference between the game design based on the proposed framework and the normal game.http://www.jicr.ir/article_378_8bf1211fd4b7b94528899de0a43b9fb3.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321Modeling the Effect of using the Sports video games on Sports consumptionModeling the Effect of using the Sports video games on Sports consumption598337910.22035/jicr.2019.379FASh.ShafieeAssistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranH.RostamiPhD Student of Sport Management, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranH.AfrouzehPhD Student of Sport Management, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.A.AshouriM.Sc. in Sport Management, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20180523The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using the sports video games on sports consumption. The research method was descriptive-survey and of applied type. The required information was also collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all high school students including 3rd, 7th, 8th and 9th grade in city of Rasht. The research sample was 183 people. In this research, data were collected through the questionnaire and then analyzed with PLS2 software. The results of the research showed that the conceptual model of the research has a desirable fit (GOF= 0.41). Based on the results, there is a significant direct relationship between sports fan and using the sports video games (r = 0.49, t = 10.87), and between sports fan and sports consumption (r = 0.45, t= 9.77). Moreover, there is a significant indirect relationship between sports video games and sports consumption with the mediating role of sports fan (r = 0.41, t= 4.73). As a result, sports marketers should encourage sports video games as a strategy for increasing sports consumption, especially among those who are less known as sports fan.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using the sports video games on sports consumption. The research method was descriptive-survey and of applied type. The required information was also collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all high school students including 3rd, 7th, 8th and 9th grade in city of Rasht. The research sample was 183 people. In this research, data were collected through the questionnaire and then analyzed with PLS2 software. The results of the research showed that the conceptual model of the research has a desirable fit (GOF= 0.41). Based on the results, there is a significant direct relationship between sports fan and using the sports video games (r = 0.49, t = 10.87), and between sports fan and sports consumption (r = 0.45, t= 9.77). Moreover, there is a significant indirect relationship between sports video games and sports consumption with the mediating role of sports fan (r = 0.41, t= 4.73). As a result, sports marketers should encourage sports video games as a strategy for increasing sports consumption, especially among those who are less known as sports fan.http://www.jicr.ir/article_379_a02ffd91ece5e7efeb46db8f10a74059.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321The Relationship between Addiction to Computer Games and Isolation of adolescents: A Case Study of Junior High School Students in Kashan in 1395The Relationship between Addiction to Computer Games and Isolation of adolescents: A Case Study of Junior High School Students in Kashan in 13958510838010.22035/jicr.2019.380FAM.NiaziProfessor of Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Kashan University, Kashan, IranE.ShafaeiPhD Student in Sociology of Social Problems of Iran, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Kashan University, Kashan, IranZ.HasanzadehMaster of Cultural Studies, University of Kashan, Kashan, IranJournal ArticleComputer games are exciting entertainments for teens that are attractive due to their charm and enjoyment. Today, with the expansion of computer games, we witness various complications. Social science experts emphasize the role of these games in isolating, confusing, and reducing social interaction among adolescents as a result of computer game addiction. In this study, the role of computer games was studied with a focus on adolescent addiction to these games in their isolation. The study used a survey design and questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on the two variables of computer addiction and soliloquy in adolescents. The reliability of the research instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The population of this study was all male students of guidance schools in Kashan in 2018. Using Cochran sampling formula, 320 individuals were randomly selected and surveyed. The research findings showed high correlation between the two variables of computer addiction and student isolation. Pearson test results were r = 0.452, the reliability of the relationship between the two high variables was statistically significant in the 99% confidence level. The type of relationship is positive indicating that with the increase in the rate of addiction to computer games, we are witnessing an increase in the social isolation of students.Computer games are exciting entertainments for teens that are attractive due to their charm and enjoyment. Today, with the expansion of computer games, we witness various complications. Social science experts emphasize the role of these games in isolating, confusing, and reducing social interaction among adolescents as a result of computer game addiction. In this study, the role of computer games was studied with a focus on adolescent addiction to these games in their isolation. The study used a survey design and questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on the two variables of computer addiction and soliloquy in adolescents. The reliability of the research instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The population of this study was all male students of guidance schools in Kashan in 2018. Using Cochran sampling formula, 320 individuals were randomly selected and surveyed. The research findings showed high correlation between the two variables of computer addiction and student isolation. Pearson test results were r = 0.452, the reliability of the relationship between the two high variables was statistically significant in the 99% confidence level. The type of relationship is positive indicating that with the increase in the rate of addiction to computer games, we are witnessing an increase in the social isolation of students.http://www.jicr.ir/article_380_bca82e41ee7b0833588399b1fcd177c7.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321The Relationship between the Rate of the Use of Computer Games and Academic Procrastination: The Mediatory Role of Goal Orientation in Elementary School StudentsThe Relationship between the Rate of the Use of Computer Games and Academic Procrastination: The Mediatory Role of Goal Orientation in Elementary School Students10912938110.22035/jicr.2019.381FAM.AlborziAssociate Professor in Foundations of Education, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Fars, IranF.KhoshbakhtAssociate Professor in Foundations of Education, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Fars, IranR.DoroudiM.A Student of Early Education, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Fars, IranJournal Article20180627This study intended to investigate the relationship between the rate of the use of computer games and elementary school students’ academic procrastination considering the mediatory role of goal orientation. To this end, using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure, 213 male and female elementary school students (112 female and 101 male students) were selected from the two educational districts of Shiraz. The instruments used in the study included a questionnaire on Academic Procrastination (Savari, 2011), one on Goal Orientation (Elliott, 1999 and McGregor, 2001) and a researcher-made questionnaire on the time spent using computer games daily. Regarding the first two questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used to estimate the reliability and validity of the correlations of the items with the dimensions and the correlation of the dimensions with the total score was also used. The obtained results confirmed the acceptable validity and reliability of the questionnaires. To evaluate the model, path analysis was utilized using SPSS 21 software. Results indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic procrastination, mastery-oriented goal orientation and the rate of the use of computer games. Furthermore, the mastery-avoidance goal orientation was a positive and significant predictor of academic procrastination. However, there was not any statistically significant difference between male and female students in terms of the relationship between goal orientation (performance-oriented, performance-avoidance, mastery-oriented, and mastery-avoidance) and the rate of the use of computer games. Findings of the research indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic proclivity and goal orientation-dominant and tenderness-performance. Also, the use of computer games predicted a positive and significant predictive of academic achievement and predicted a negative and significant predictive the mastery-avoidance goal orientation. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of academic procrastination and goal orientation.This study intended to investigate the relationship between the rate of the use of computer games and elementary school students’ academic procrastination considering the mediatory role of goal orientation. To this end, using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure, 213 male and female elementary school students (112 female and 101 male students) were selected from the two educational districts of Shiraz. The instruments used in the study included a questionnaire on Academic Procrastination (Savari, 2011), one on Goal Orientation (Elliott, 1999 and McGregor, 2001) and a researcher-made questionnaire on the time spent using computer games daily. Regarding the first two questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used to estimate the reliability and validity of the correlations of the items with the dimensions and the correlation of the dimensions with the total score was also used. The obtained results confirmed the acceptable validity and reliability of the questionnaires. To evaluate the model, path analysis was utilized using SPSS 21 software. Results indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic procrastination, mastery-oriented goal orientation and the rate of the use of computer games. Furthermore, the mastery-avoidance goal orientation was a positive and significant predictor of academic procrastination. However, there was not any statistically significant difference between male and female students in terms of the relationship between goal orientation (performance-oriented, performance-avoidance, mastery-oriented, and mastery-avoidance) and the rate of the use of computer games. Findings of the research indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic proclivity and goal orientation-dominant and tenderness-performance. Also, the use of computer games predicted a positive and significant predictive of academic achievement and predicted a negative and significant predictive the mastery-avoidance goal orientation. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of academic procrastination and goal orientation.http://www.jicr.ir/article_381_00ec53c4682d36f5c4359f4ae7bd7ba1.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321Investigating the Effect of Gamification Mechanisms on the Success of Crowdsourcing Projects in e-Governance (The Case Study: Shahrekord’s Citizens Participation in Beautifying the City)Investigating the Effect of Gamification Mechanisms on the Success of Crowdsourcing Projects in e-Governance (The Case Study: Shahrekord’s Citizens Participation in Beautifying the City)13115438210.22035/jicr.2019.382FAS.M.JafariAssistant Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran0000-0003-2042-2756Z.AbdollahzadehMA in Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, IranJournal Article20180606With the progression of information and communication technology, electronic governance and also crowdsourcing as one of its key components have attracted many governments attention. In order to encourage and motivate the citizens to participate in crowdsourcing projects, Game techniques and mechanics have been proposed as an effective solution. However, no significant research has been done in this regard and this subject has not been measured practically. The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of citizens and participation in crowdsourcing projects. The statistical population of this research was citizens of Shahrekord and 215 questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. Data analysis was carried out based on Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) by AMOS software. The results showed that there is no meaningful relationship between extrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects. On the other hand, a positive and significant relationship was confirmed between intrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects.With the progression of information and communication technology, electronic governance and also crowdsourcing as one of its key components have attracted many governments attention. In order to encourage and motivate the citizens to participate in crowdsourcing projects, Game techniques and mechanics have been proposed as an effective solution. However, no significant research has been done in this regard and this subject has not been measured practically. The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of citizens and participation in crowdsourcing projects. The statistical population of this research was citizens of Shahrekord and 215 questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. Data analysis was carried out based on Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) by AMOS software. The results showed that there is no meaningful relationship between extrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects. On the other hand, a positive and significant relationship was confirmed between intrinsic motivations and participation in crowdsourcing projects.http://www.jicr.ir/article_382_4f6ffe13a5d75b2d6a3923922b3922e5.pdfIranian Institute for Social & Cultural ResearchJournal of Iranian Cultural Research2008-184712120190321Business Strategies Formulation for Video Games in IranBusiness Strategies Formulation for Video Games in Iran15518038310.22035/jicr.2019.383FAS.M.SharifiAssistant Professor in Media Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJ.JavaheriPhD Student in Media Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranM.StiriAssistant Professor in Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180912This research is conducted aim to develop business strategies for video games in Iran. In this research, through analysis of this industry, appropriate business strategies are presented. To achieve this goal, after reviewing the literature on the field of strategy and strategic management, different aspects of the video game industry have been analyzed by looking at its situation in Iran and using qualitative methods such as interviewing experts and the Delphi technique. Based on this, information on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been gathered in this field in Iran. After this stage, business strategies that are necessary to improve conditions of this industry in Iran, have been developed and formulated through SWOT analysis and using the multi-stage framework of the research. The results are also presented in the form of four strategies and seven bedder solutions.This research is conducted aim to develop business strategies for video games in Iran. In this research, through analysis of this industry, appropriate business strategies are presented. To achieve this goal, after reviewing the literature on the field of strategy and strategic management, different aspects of the video game industry have been analyzed by looking at its situation in Iran and using qualitative methods such as interviewing experts and the Delphi technique. Based on this, information on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been gathered in this field in Iran. After this stage, business strategies that are necessary to improve conditions of this industry in Iran, have been developed and formulated through SWOT analysis and using the multi-stage framework of the research. The results are also presented in the form of four strategies and seven bedder solutions.http://www.jicr.ir/article_383_beed13602b9b0e6ecb5b568ff5058f07.pdf