http://www.jicr.ir/ Journal of Iranian Cultural Research en daily 1 Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 14 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 http://www.jicr.ir/article_579.html The rapid expansion of digital technologies and social platforms has made the design of age-appropriate online environments for children and adolescents a global concern. While many approaches emphasize digital risks and potential harms, this study adopts a multidimensional, opportunity-oriented, and risk-mitigating perspective to examine age-appropriate design. Using a qualitative methodology based on interviews and participant observation, the study explores the beliefs, behaviors, views, and preferences of twelve Iranian child and adolescent users. It also categorizes prominent global and local models of age-appropriate design, focusing on the experiences of the United Kingdom and Russia. The analysis identified five key themes: “Accelerated Accessibility,” “Digital Negligence,” “Overestimated Online Safety,” “Anthropomorphizing Technology: The Trusted Omniscient,” and “Childhood Foundations, Mature Preferences.” These themes highlight the need to redesign digital environments according to children’s developmental needs and lived experiences. The study further identifies three major models of age-appropriate design: “Designing Dedicated Platforms,” “Optimizing Local Platforms,” and “Developing Strict Regulations and Regulatory Policies.” The findings suggest that child-centered digital governance requires integrating protection, innovation, and design strategies responsive to young users’ experiences. http://www.jicr.ir/article_571.html Cinema, as an art–media form, can contribute to the consolidation, elimination, or reproduction of social discourses and stereotypes related to diseases, including cancer. Therefore, analyzing the ways cancer is portrayed in films—understood as a communicative phenomenon—is important and can illuminate how collective perceptions of stereotypes, patterns of illness experience, and modes of coping are shaped. This study aimed to identify and compare cancer-related discourses in cinema. Using multimodal critical discourse analysis and complete sampling, it analyzed eight Iranian films addressing cancer produced during the 2000s and 2010s. The findings show that the shared discourses across the two decades include “escape from illness,” and “treatment signs as illness signs”. Distinct discourses of the 2000s include “medical diagnosis,” “spiritual healing,” and “nuclear-family support,” while the distinct discourses of the 2010s include “deteriorating relationships,” “fatalism,” and “loneliness.”. Based on the findings, Iranian cinema in both decades demonstrates cancer in a negative and stereotypical manner, characterized by overgeneralization and the othering of patients through confining them to specific spaces and depicting them as passive subjects. Drawing on the EPPM Model, the categories of “disease without identity” and “incurability” can be extracted. Iranian cinema presents a fearful image of cancer in which no recommended responses grounded in self-efficacy or response efficacy are offered to viewers. This, in turn, leads audiences to maintain distance from cancer risk. Overall, Iran’s health system is treatment-oriented, and Iranian cinema likewise appears to adopt the same orientation in its portrayal of cancer. http://www.jicr.ir/article_563.html Political action is behavior, whether by individuals or groups, sometimes in protest, as a result of decisions or actions from the government or political institutions. Political action in Iran has significant value; it is possible for political action to stand both domestically and internationally to change policy-making, civil rights and civil liberties, and affect social and economic progressive development. In this regard, the main purpose of the present study is to explain the mechanism of the impact of social trust and social networks on citizens' political action, with an emphasis on the mediating role of cultural values. The current study wants to explore the direct and indirect effects of these two dimensions through the mediating influence of secular and emancipative cultural values. The seventh wave of data from the World Values Survey, with a sample of 1,499 Iranian citizens, was used for this purpose. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. The study showed that social trust has a significant negative effect on political action, while social networks had a significant positive effect. An examination of the indirect paths showed that social trust has a significant negative effect on political action which suggests political action can be created through social trust and networks. http://www.jicr.ir/article_569.html This article examines the role of consumption in the everyday life of residents of the 22-Bahman neighbourhood in the metropolis of Kermanshah. The study’s theoretical approach is grounded in Henri Lefebvre’s ideas on everyday life and consumption. The research method is ethnographic, with data collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews. Twenty-five residents were selected through theoretical sampling and interviewed in depth. The findings show that the 22-Bahman was first developed in the early 1960s in the north of Kermanshah and is now one of the city’s most affluent areas. From the mid-1970s onward, earlier consumer spaces located in the old city were gradually relocated here, turning 22-Bahman into the city’s most vibrant consumption hub. Of the 565 shops lining its main streets, 560 are consumption-oriented. In addition, Bargh Street has become an evening showcase for luxury cars that cruise from 7 p.m. until well past midnight. In this context, the food, fashion, automobile, tourism and advertising sub-systems create an ideal environment for consumerism, embedding instability into commodities through planned old-fashion and make-belive. Residents constantly search for ever-new goods, driven by a perpetual compulsion to align with an idealised consumer standard that they regard as social mobility. These sub-systems and their internal mechanisms target the individual’s creative and self-reliant capacities, locating happiness not in self-determination, social solidarity or human interaction but in acquiring commodities that are forever going out of style. Consequently, most consumers remain indifferent to the fate of the city’s poor and marginalised populations. http://www.jicr.ir/article_573.html This study, adopting an interpretive phenomenological approach, seeks to investigate the issue of companion animals in Tehran (with an emphasis on the phenomenon of dog walking). In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 Tehrani citizens through snowball sampling. The formulation of the research findings was carried out in three coding stages; in the first stage, 184 codes were extracted from the interview texts, and in the second stage, by aggregating and categorizing them, 21 themes and finally 6 concepts were identified: "dramatic consumption and self-location: action for identity location", "emergence of new forms of family", "deep attachment and mutual emotional actions", "social confrontation and conflict", "identity and value transformation", and "non-inhibitory policies". The findings are organized around the main category of "multiple intersections of attachment, differentiation, and social conflict". In a way, social realities are evidence that the social reaction of individuals to the phenomenon of companion animals is not only not the same and uniform; Rather, in some respects they are at two distinct ends of the spectrum and have formed a controversial social field. On the one hand, there is a growing group that interprets the phenomenon of companion animals as part of individual rights and a modern lifestyle and moves towards keeping and keeping animals in public spaces. On the other hand, a group considers its spread and expansion to be a violation of civil rights and animal rights and even a threat to public health, social security and cultural norms, and calls for legal restrictions on it. This confrontation has transformed the issue of companion animals from a personal issue into a public and political issue that requires comprehensive regulation and social dialogue based on the participation of all stakeholders in order to secure civil rights and animal rights in order to resolve this controversial situation. http://www.jicr.ir/article_570.html This article has evaluated the cultural provisions of development program laws in terms of legislative and planning criteria. For this purpose, first, thematic analysis of cultural policies and materials was used to measure their compliance, and then their evaluation and pathology were used by referring to experts. In this study, a model was designed and used to evaluate legislative texts and documents, and with its help, the cultural provisions of the five-year development plans, including the fourth, fifth, and sixth development plans, as well as the law on permanent provisions of development plans, were analyzed, and their weaknesses and shortcomings were examined in terms of legislative and planning criteria. For this purpose, 30 cultural planning and policymaking experts were consulted, and in two stages.The main results of this study were the formal compliance of 67 percent of cultural provisions of development programs with general superior policies and the lower than average compliance (54 percent) of cultural provisions with legislative criteria. Also, the percentage of realization of these provisions was evaluated as about 30 percent in total, which was 30 percent for the sixth program and about 37 percent for the fourth program. The reasons for this can be attributed to the tautology and repetition of cultural policies in development laws in an impractical and vague manner, lack of realism, and changes in the cultural discourse of the implementers after the approval of development laws, resulting in their failure to be realized in practice and implementation. http://www.jicr.ir/article_574.html The academic–career guidance program in the education system, by directing students toward selecting a field of study and future occupation, can lead to undeniable positive and negative consequences at both individual and social levels. A review of the history of Iran’s education system in designing and implementing this program indicates unsatisfactory experiences and outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the challenges of the academic–career guidance program in Iran’s education system.This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method to examine the experiences of experts. The research field consisted of faculty members of higher education, school administrators, experts and counselors in the education system, as well as specialists in the labor market. Among them, 22 participants were selected using purposive, snowball, and convenience sampling techniques. Data were collected through semi‑structured interviews and analyzed using a coding method.The findings revealed two major categories of challenges: internal and external. Internal challenges refer to issues within the education system that hinder the full realization of the goals of the academic–career guidance program. These challenges were identified in 35 open codes and categorized into five axial codes: systemic, approach‑related, human resources, educational, and procedural challenges. External challenges refer to issues rooted in the broader environment surrounding Iran’s education system that negatively affect academic–career guidance and its objectives. These challenges were identified in 39 open codes and classified into five axial categories: labor market challenges, the role of parents, socio‑cultural factors, economic factors, and policy‑making.The results indicate that various internal and external factors have reduced the effectiveness of the academic–career guidance program for its stakeholders. Therefore, addressing these challenges is an unavoidable necessity and an important step toward moving the education system toward a more desirable situation. http://www.jicr.ir/article_562.html This article examines the emergence of a Developmental Character-Based Discourse  in post-revolutionary Iran (1989–2001). The dominant revolutionary discourse initially emphasized “innate guidance” and a “divine human being,” rendering early character narratives unrelated to developmentalism. The war’s end and practical necessities revived character-based discourse. The core question is how this shift from “revolutionary essentialism” to a “Developmental Character-Based Discourse” occurred and was reconfigured in cultural and social policymaking. The shift emerged through a realignment of official discourse that redefined “backwardness” as a threat to Islamic values and promoted “civilization-building.” Developmentalist social and political scientists, stressing the measurement and management of Iranian “attitudes” and “character traits,” played a pivotal role. Alongside state institutions—especially IRIB and the Supreme Council of Cultural Policy—they constructed a new character-driven subjectivity aligned with state developmental objectives. This project crystallized in initiatives like the “Survey of Iranian Values and Attitudes,” which aimed not to empower society but to control and harmonize behaviors to establish a desirable “social order” and support economic development. Thus, the discourse moderated public expectations and legitimized state economic and cultural policies. Without analyzing such surveys directly, this study explores the historical context that made them relevant. http://www.jicr.ir/article_575.html This article undertakes a philosophical examination of the conceptualization of money and property within Persian proverbial discourse, employing the theoretical framework advanced by Georg Simmel in his seminal work, The Philosophy of Money. Adopting a descriptive-qualitative methodology, the study probes the manifold ways in which popular culture—and proverbs in particular—articulate the dialectical character of money as both an emancipatory instrument and a source of social constraint within modernity. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of Persian proverbs resonate with core Simmelian themes, including the reduction of qualitative values to quantitative metrics, the inherent paradox of monetary freedom coupled with systemic limitation, the processes of reification and alienation, the ascendancy of instrumental rationality, and the gradual transformation of money from a mere medium of exchange into an ultimate end in itself. While certain proverbs exhibit a critical or resistive stance toward the hegemony of monetary logic, others appear to endorse and naturalize it, thereby exposing a persistent cultural tension between inherited ethical frameworks and the imperatives of an emergent economic order. The study further attends to the formal and rhetorical features of proverbs—their concision, rhythmic structure, and logical persuasion—which render them potent vehicles for the sedimentation of collective beliefs and the modulation of individual and social agency. In so doing, this research addresses a notable lacuna in the interdisciplinary scholarship that intersects Simmel's cultural philosophy with Persian folk literature, and it argues that proverbs function as crucial cultural thresholds through which deeper ontological conflicts and ethical ambivalences within Iran's transitional society are both reflected and negotiated. http://www.jicr.ir/article_565.html In the present era, media has attracted researchers' attention as one of the most important elements influencing identity. The research conducted in this domain, which has gained significant momentum in recent years, has been thematically scattered. Consequently, there was a need to synthesize and analyze the results of the conducted research in order to apply a multidimensional, comprehensive, and analytical perspective to the existing body of work. This study, while reviewing some theories in the field of identity and utilizing the systematic review method, examined 53 scientific studies published between 2004 and 2024 and concluded that the majority of the research has been conducted either qualitatively or quantitatively, with combined-methods research receiving considerably less attention. Furthermore, through the analysis of the results, five main themes were identified, which are as follows: First, the types of interaction between adolescent identity and media in cyberspace; Second, the impact of media on dimensions of identity, including the weakening of national and religious identity when confronted with global media, gender identity disorder, and the reinforcement of individualism; Third, factors affecting identity crisis, such as duration of use, the role of family, and the type of media; Fourth, the identity-forming function of media in creating subcultures; and Fifth, the unbalanced research focus on specific types of identity. The methodological gaps in these studies also include a shortage of longitudinal studies, geographical limitations of the samples, and the dominance of Western theories. http://www.jicr.ir/article_576.html This study examines social media’s role in expanding intercultural communication during the Arbaeen pilgrimage, identifying opportunities and threats through the frameworks of communicative action, co-cultural theory, and intercultural competence. Adopting a qualitative approach, data from 13 in-depth interviews with experts were analyzed using thematic analysis, yielding 280 initial codes and 19 sub-themes. The findings reveal that social media fosters empathy through personal narratives, with Ashura serving as a powerful symbol of unity for intercultural dialogue; however, challenges such as information distortion, cultural misunderstandings, and malicious strategic actions persist. Ultimately, the research concludes that the opportunities offered by social media significantly outweigh the threats, making strategic utilization of these platforms essential for globalizing the Arbaeen message. To counter Western media hegemony and prevent the distortion of this major cultural event, the study emphasizes enhancing media literacy and developing indigenous platforms. By doing so, this work acts as a bridge between lived religious experience and the digital architectures shaping global perception, sitting at the vital intersection of faith, media power, and intercultural negotiation. http://www.jicr.ir/article_572.html In recent years, sexual cosmetic surgeries have become a growing trend among Iranian women. This study aims to investigate the social and cultural factors influencing women's desire to undergo such surgeries in Iran and Mashhad. Using a qualitative method and grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 women who had undergone these types of surgeries. The findings indicate that various factors such as family experiences, social comparison, the influence of reference groups (husbands, doctors, and friends), and media play a role in women's decision-making to undergo these surgeries. Secondary family experiences and experiences related to marital relationships are the primary contexts that create a sense of emptiness in sexual relationships. Women’s comparisons with others, especially with idealized images presented in the media, lead to reduced self-confidence and an increased desire for cosmetic surgery. Physicians, as reference groups, also play a significant role in these decisions, particularly through marketing and the use of advertisements in virtual spaces. Finally, the positive outcomes of sexual cosmetic surgeries include improved sexual relationship quality, increased marital satisfaction, and enhanced women's self-confidence. Overall, this study demonstrates that sexual cosmetic surgeries in Iranian society are influenced by a wide range of social and cultural factors that affect women's decisions to undergo these procedures. http://www.jicr.ir/article_577.html نسخه فشرده و تخصصی چکیده انگلیسی (حدود ۲۱۰ کلمه) که برای مجلات علمی استانداردسازی شده است: Abstract Cultural governance in Iran has faced a significant gap between macro-policies and practical realization, stemming primarily from the inefficiency of executive instruments—specifically cultural regulation. This inefficiency is manifest at institutional (jurisdictional conflicts), instrumental (prohibitive approaches), and normative (threat-oriented) levels. This research seeks to rearrange Iran's cultural regulatory system toward a "progressive" model that facilitates innovation and remains sensitive to risk and actor behavior. Using a qualitative theoretical-analytical method and documentary analysis, the study draws on theories of responsive and networked regulation alongside the indigenous literature on "Progress" (Pishraft). Findings indicate that current regulation is incompatible with the dynamic, value-oriented logic of progress, opting for reactive containment over proactive management. The proposed "Progressive Regulatory Model" rests on three axes: 1) instrument diversification and intelligence, 2) process redesigning focused on institutional learning, and 3) redefining goals toward civilizational progress. By emphasizing functional role separation, networked regulation, and proportionality, this framework reconstructs the link between cultural governance and progress. This study fills the gap between regulatory theory and indigenous challenges, providing a framework for cultural policy-making that preserves Islamic-Iranian values while ensuring the dynamism necessary to address emerging issues. http://www.jicr.ir/article_578.html Diplomacy, which means the art of communicating between countries, can be implemented in various ways; In this regard, the use of cultural resources is highly emphasized and paid attention to by governments due to its greater impact and the main focus of exercising soft power. The Holy Quran, as a unifying cultural source and common axis of Muslims, plays a significant role in advancing relations between Muslim countries, and for this reason, Quranic diplomacy is considered a leading diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data in this study were collected through interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. In order to achieve the research objectives, twenty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted among experts in this field, including those responsible for sending reciters, international reciters, and cultural advisors from the Iranian Academy of Sciences, and the data collection process continued until the theoretical adequacy of the research was achieved. Then, the data obtained from the research on the opportunities and challenges of Quranic diplomacy were coded in three stages: open, organizing, and comprehensive coding, and finally, the most important opportunities and challenges of Quranic diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in other Muslim countries were explained. After achieving the research objectives, the opportunities for Quranic diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran include: the advantages of Quranic diplomacy, the capacities for implementing Quranic diplomacy and the results of Quranic diplomacy. Also, the challenges of this field include: political considerations and weaknesses of the actors. http://www.jicr.ir/article_580.html This qualitative study, employing a critical ethnographic approach, explores the strategies of collective memory and identity formation among Afghan migrants residing in Qom. This research pursues three main objectives: identifying patterns of collective memory reconstruction, analyzing the impact of Iran's migration policies on fragmented identity, and examining strategies of cultural resistance against assimilation pressures. Data were collected through three months of participatory observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, selected via purposive and snowball sampling, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that migrants, confronting a "structural politics of oblivion" stemming from residency, employment, and educational restrictions, as well as everyday discrimination, utilize collective memory as a resource for cultural resistance and identity re-creation. This resistance manifests not through overt actions but via an "aesthetics of resistance" in daily life. Six narrative archetypes were identified: "narrative of wound," "abandonment," "passage through limbo," "elective estrangement," "persistence," and "imaginary homeland-making," which constitute the map of this community's collective memory. Resistance strategies were observed in domains such as preserving language in private spaces, cooking as sensory memory practice, holding rituals, oral historiography, creating third spaces (e.g., restaurants), and using digital spaces for identity representation. In conclusion, the study argues that for migrants, memory functions not only as a tool of remembrance but also as an existential system and a "hopeful practice" for building a meaningful future on the margins. The research underscores the necessity for migration policies to shift from denial to recognition, rethinking educational systems to include polyvocal narratives. http://www.jicr.ir/article_581.html The increase in the average age of marriage has become one of the most significant demographic and social issues in recent years. This study aims to analyze the sociological and demographic factors influencing the delay in the age of marriage among youth in Kashan. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design conducted in the autumn of 2024. The statistical population of the study comprised never-married females aged 24–44 and males aged 28–49 residing in Kashan. The sample size was estimated to be 373 participants using Cochran’s formula. Multivariate analysis revealed that the preference for singlehood, premarital relationships, social network interactions, marriage costs, trust in the opposite sex, individualism, employment status, age, and years of education are, in that order, the strongest predictors of marriage delay, collectively explaining approximately 43% of the variance in the dependent variable (marriage delay). Finally, path analysis of direct and indirect effects indicated that premarital relationships, individualism, social network interactions, preference for singlehood, marriage costs, trust in the opposite sex, employment status, age, and years of education, in that order, are the strongest predictors of marriage delay. Based on the findings, it is recommended to integrate analytical and scientific education regarding the consequences of relationships outside the framework of marriage into high school curricula, alongside efforts to remove barriers and encourage marriage as a healthy relational model. This approach can help mitigate this issue and positively impact fertility through stable family formation. Additionally, a focus on media literacy education and the economic empowerment of youth is recommended. http://www.jicr.ir/article_582.html The meaning of religion in daily life is a complex and multifaceted issue that has profound and widespread effects on human thoughts, behavior, and social relationships. The aim of the present study is to explore the meaning of religion in students’ daily life. This study was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The participants in this study were eighteen students (male and female) from the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Payam Noor University in the center of Shahrekord, who were selected through purposive sampling based on criteria and theoretical saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The collage method was used to analyze the data, and two strategies, peer feedback and member control, were used to validate the research. After compiling a list of students’ important statements about the meaning of religion in everyday life, the main themes of the research – “Religion as an identity support in the storm of life’s changes”, “Religion as a meaning-giving element to the suffering and ambiguities of life”, “Religion as a comforting arm and a haven of existential relief”, “Religion as a moral compass in everyday desires”, “Religion as a personal and direct relationship with God” – were extracted and described. The results indicate that the experience manifested in this context represents religion as an interpretive system through which the student transforms the challenges arising from structural pressures and existential suffering of everyday life into a meaningful and bearable whole. http://www.jicr.ir/article_583.html In recent years, Instagram has turned in to one of the most important communication platforms for showcasing lifestyle, taste, and individual identity. One of the common genres on this platform is the visual representation of food, which has simultaneously acquired an aesthetic, cultural, and social aspect, especially among Iranian users. This study, by a qualitative approach and based on the theory of "audience perception", analyzes how Iranian users perceive and read food images published on Instagram. The research data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 27 active Instagram users and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that users are not just passive recipients when faced with these images, but rather attribute different meanings to the visual content of food through the lens of their cultural capital, lived experience, and horizon of expectations. Users’ readings were categorized into three broad categories: “inspirational” (stimulating learning or ideation), “realistic” (exaggerated or fabricated), and “commercial” (aimed at advertising or branding). Concepts such as FOMO (fear of being missed out), social comparison, digital identity, and critique of consuming lifestyles were prominent in the users’ interpretation process. This study shows that users' reading of Instagram food content has cultural and social consequences in terms of their eating style, daily satisfaction, and even their social relationships. In this sense, reading turns in to an active and critical act that redefines the boundary between media and reality. http://www.jicr.ir/article_584.html Changing the lifestyle of young people is one of the most obvious aspects of social developments and perspectives, the mental aspect of these changes. Iranian society, mixed with tradition, religion and modernity, has organized various lifestyles. Sociological approaches have explained lifestyle mainly through the lens of consumption, differentiation, taste, fashion, identity and meaning, and social research has also addressed the descriptive and explanatory dimensions of this matter. The research was qualitative and conducted using the Strauss-Corbin data-based theory method with the participation of 22 young people aged 18 to 35 living in Mashhad. In contextual conditions, the functional role of religion in everyday life, unstable economy and policies affecting class perception and interaction of tradition, modernity and globalization, in causal conditions, the overshadowing of structures on mentalities, global ideas and self-redefinition, in interventional conditions, social judgment mechanisms, the challenge of collective norms and structural judgments in media fields, elitism and beliefs have played a role. Resistance to relations of domination, structural duality in cultural-political identity, independence in the field of religion and politics, reflective adaptation in facing the world, life based on traditions and multifaceted penetration of charismatic figures, the most important strategies and resistance to conventional models of success, ambiguity towards the future and blaming the political system, conventional and unconventional determinism and comfort seeking have been the main consequences. Conclusion: The objective and subjective life of young people is shaped by a mixture of action and reaction with complex and multi-layered conditions, which is the result of continuous efforts to harmonize the three elements of religion, tradition, and modernity. http://www.jicr.ir/article_585.html Seyed Reza Mirkarimi is one of the successful filmmakers of the past years of Iranian cinema with social and political concerns. With a calm but profound language, Mirkarimi provides scenes to represent the tensions existing in the established social order and individual, moral and institutional protests in his works. In his last three films, "The Sweet Palace," "The Girl," and "The Night Watchman," Mirkarimi introduces characters who face internal crises and conflicting situations in society. In these works, he has created the possibility for the characters to confront dominant discourses in society and the intellectual trends that operate implicitly within institutions such as the family, the police, and the patriarchal structure.In these films, protest is expressed not in an explicit and overt form, but through moral refusals, meaningful silences, and gradual reactions; ways that raise fundamental questions about the legitimacy of the existing order, the boundaries of individual and institutional responsibility.Mirkarimi's protest is not to dismantle or create a new order; rather, in a novel way, it is to reform and achieve a moral balance for the continuation of life. From this perspective, Mirkarimi's cinema does not constitute an explicit oppositional discourse, but rather a kind of intrastructural and interstitial critique that allows for a rethinking of the relationship between the individual, power, and moralityThis research, based on Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis approach, examines the mechanisms of reproduction or rupture with ideology in Mirkarimi's works at three levels: text, cognition, and society.