Social Sciences and Communications
N. Razeghi; M. Sharepour; F. Akhondzade
Abstract
An ever-increasing digital divide around the globe has turned into one of the greatest challenges to several areas of the information society with direct and indirect consequences. This has also increased the demand for more research in this field. This study, which is based on Bourdieu's cultural capital ...
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An ever-increasing digital divide around the globe has turned into one of the greatest challenges to several areas of the information society with direct and indirect consequences. This has also increased the demand for more research in this field. This study, which is based on Bourdieu's cultural capital reproduction theory, is an attempt to answer the question as: To what extent individuals' cultural capital affects the digital gap among them? The survey method was applied in this research where a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 183,198 youths from the city of Bābol (Mazandaran, Iran) aged 18-29 years. The sample size was estimated to be 385 by Cochran formula. The data were then collected randomly in a multistage cluster sampling from 8 areas in the above city. The results showed that there is a digital divide among people with different cultural capitals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the objectified dimension of the cultural capital (β = 0.472), the embodied dimension (β = 0.41) and the institutionalized dimension (β = 0.20) had the greatest effect on the people's digital divide. The results also showed that the independent variable of the research, i.e. cultural capital, explained about 0.26 percent of the variance of the dependent variable, i.e. the digital divide.
Mohammad Amin Kanaani; Hamide Mohammadzade; Fateme Mohammadzade
Abstract
Internet is causing to transform the profile of the everyday life, especially for the youth. Attractiveness of internet has caused that most youth being appealed to the internet friendships, rather than face to face interactions. The present research aimed to investigate the relation between internet ...
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Internet is causing to transform the profile of the everyday life, especially for the youth. Attractiveness of internet has caused that most youth being appealed to the internet friendships, rather than face to face interactions. The present research aimed to investigate the relation between internet usage and attitude towards internet friendship with opposite sex among students. The survey method and researcher constructed questionnaire is used to gather appropriate information. The statistical universe is all under-graduate and post-graduate students of Guilan University, and from among them, 372 students have been selected through proportionate stratified sampling method. The observed positive relations between attitude towards online friendship and internet usage reveal that quantity and quality of internet usage are important variables creating positive attitudes towards online friendships with opposite sex. In accordance with Giddens it can be said that increasing electronic interactions changed traditional attitudes regarding relations between two sexes. The observed relation between the age of students and attitude towards internet friendship reveals the combined effect of time and space factors on changing attitudes. In overall, expansion of internet usage as a part of the process of globalization has an special role on formation of new social meanings such as online friendship with opposite sex, which itself is an apparent feature of modern world.
Taher Roshandel Arbatani; Alireza Tehrani far; Sadra Khosravi
Abstract
In this paper we tried to depict the effect of computer-mediated communication on attitude change in intercultural interpersonal communications. The researchers arranged 20 virtual informal deep interviews with non-Iranian interviewees who have been in contact with the researchers via the internet ...
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In this paper we tried to depict the effect of computer-mediated communication on attitude change in intercultural interpersonal communications. The researchers arranged 20 virtual informal deep interviews with non-Iranian interviewees who have been in contact with the researchers via the internet during the last 10 years. Despite the fact that their perceptions about Iranians years ago were very schematic in the first encounters with the researchers, the researchers recognized these attitudes had changed gradually during these years. Observing such a change in the daily communications, the researchers decided to share this ethno-methodological knowledge with their intellectual colleagues; so this paper started to be written systematically. First, in reference to Arbib, Conklin, and Hill, the researcher tried to discover the mechanisms of schema formation about Iranians in the minds of these interviewees. The researchers also classified the schematic perceptions- what Wood defines as Personal Constructs, Prototypes, Stereotypes, and Scripts- about Iranians. Second, an attempt was made to find out why these interviewees, with those pre-maintained negative attitudes about Iranians, became interested to interact with an Iranian on the internet. Next, they have been asked about their mental experiences of facing an Iranian, whose characteristics are in contrast to the prejudice they had maintained about Iranians. Finally, Affective Cognitive Consistency Theory was used by Rosenberg and Abelson to explain how those stereotypical and prejudicial attitudes about Iranians have changed in the context of emotional give-and-takes in friendships.
Mohammad Reza Hatami; Saroyeh Mazhabi
Abstract
It seems that Identity in one of most important element in social life, which could be the subject of new factors. In this case, the women have been being influenced by various factors in order to finding their own Gender Identity in recent years. The position and situation of today's women is so different ...
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It seems that Identity in one of most important element in social life, which could be the subject of new factors. In this case, the women have been being influenced by various factors in order to finding their own Gender Identity in recent years. The position and situation of today's women is so different from which used to be in the past. The society and the women both have more acceptable vision about women's gender identity toward moderating. One of the efficacious element of this changing is the mass media especially Internet. This literature will discuss about the definition of Identity and its relation with gender after the introduction, then the elements of the Identity in relation with the mass media. The bulls eye of this literature is to deliberate the gender Identity of women and its relation with the mass media especially Internet.
Mahdi Montazerghaem
Abstract
Internet and other modern communication technologies have affected all aspects of the gathering, combining, and transforming knowledge, especially in scientific-educational and research organizations. These processes are parts of the whole intellectual capital in any organization. Intellectual capital ...
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Internet and other modern communication technologies have affected all aspects of the gathering, combining, and transforming knowledge, especially in scientific-educational and research organizations. These processes are parts of the whole intellectual capital in any organization. Intellectual capital is the hidden and intangible property which is oriented toward organizational goals. In the present study, I attempt to reflect on the affects internet has on some particular dimensions of intellectual capital, namely the human and the communicational, in Iran’s universities. According to the theoretical basis, it is shown that internet usage is an important factor in developing organizational intellectual capital (here, in the universities). Results show that human and communicational capitals are differently distributed in various universities. On the other hand, internet accessibility and consumption (type and quantity), as the independent variables of the study, have meaningful affects on human and communicational capitals in all universities. Furthermore, it is noteworthy to say that there are some other factors, as the ranking of the university, department, educational level (for students), and degree (for faculty members), and gender, which intervene in the process. Results show that internet usage, besides other factors as age, gender, marital status, could guide in explanation of the human and communicational capitals’ changes in the universities.
Behzad Dowran; Ahmad Ganji
Abstract
This article is the report of research conducted to answer two main questions; first, to what extent and under which forms using internet as entertainment is prevalent among users aged between 24 to 40 years in Tehran? And second has this kind of usage changed with passage of time (since the beginning ...
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This article is the report of research conducted to answer two main questions; first, to what extent and under which forms using internet as entertainment is prevalent among users aged between 24 to 40 years in Tehran? And second has this kind of usage changed with passage of time (since the beginning of usage until the time of research? The research was designed and conducted with descriptive and qualitative method and the relevant data were gathered by using the techniques of deep interview with a sample (15 persons) of the statistical population of users (the first generation of internet users in Tehran). The findings show that using internet as entertainment among the sample is usual usages which include chatting, blogging, music downloading, browsing the webs containing pornographic materials and Orcat in terms of leaning order. The responses of interviewees show that after the passage of ten years, using internet as entertainment has significantly declined. Chatting, browsing the webs containing pornographic material and cybernetic searching in terms of learning order have been mentioned the usual forms in early periods of internet usage.
Hassan Khani
Abstract
Religion and media are two important phenomena in today’s Middle Eastern societies. In these societies media is a newcomer player which its history of presence hardly approaches a century while religion is among the oldest and most important elements and factors in the Middle East. This article ...
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Religion and media are two important phenomena in today’s Middle Eastern societies. In these societies media is a newcomer player which its history of presence hardly approaches a century while religion is among the oldest and most important elements and factors in the Middle East. This article is an attempt to evaluate the different aspects of confrontation and interaction between these two in the Middle Easters societies in general and in Iranian Society in particular. The aim of this article is to investigate the different ways in which media occurred for and against religion trying to show how religion has managed to use media as an opportunity and at the same time how it has been threatened by it. This article argues that cooperation and confrontation between media and religion has left a significant effect on these societies influencing deeply the process of formation of political and social culture of the people something that can affect the confrontation between tradition modernity in these societies.
