Author
Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Kashan
Abstract
Comparative study of different post-revolutionary generation has been broadly applied by social scientists; among them some believe there is a gulf between generations, while some others endorsing some small differences among generations, emphasis that this variety is natural. Avoiding being loyal to any of these two views, the present study attempts to compare three different post-revolutionary academic generations using theory of “generative objects” which explores generations’ view about their behaviors, Beliefs, and historical monuments. Sampling was carried among 3 generations; firstly ones who were student in 60s and now are experienced faculties in the university, secondly ones who are recently employed as faculty members, and finally who are now students in universities. Results show that in all 3 generations there are essential in-generation similarities, while comparatively there are some differentiations in inter-generative analysis.
Keywords
Afŝâr Kohan, J. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Sonatgarâi va Tajadodtalabi (Persian Translation of Traditionalism and Modernity), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Avâ-ye Nor.
Akbari, M. (1384) Tabârsenâsi-ye Hoviyat-e Jadid-e Irani (Persian Translation of The Genealogy of Iranian New Identity), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Elmi va Farhangi.
Alixâni, A. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Negâhi be-h Padide-h Gosast-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of The Study of Gap Generations Phenomenon), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni va Ejtemâi.
Alixâni, A. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Hoviyat dar Iran (Persian Translation of Identity in Iran), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni-ye Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Âzâd Armaki, T. & Ŝâlči, V. (1384 [2005 A.D]) “Do Jahân-e Irani”, (Persian Translation of Two Iranian worlds), Faslnâme-h Anjoman-e Irani-ye Motâleât-e Farhangi va Ertebâtât, Vol. 1(4): 146-148.
Âzâd Armaki, T. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Râbete-h Beyn-e Nasli dar Xânevâde-h Irani (Persian Translation of The Relationship between Generation in Iranian family), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Âgah.
Âzâd Armaki, T. (1388 [2004 A.D])) Ŝekâf-e Nasli dar Roykardhâ-ye Kalân-e Jâmeeŝenâxti (Persian Translation of Generation Gap in Major Sociological Approaches), Tehran: Enteshârât-e Âgâh.
Bahâr, M. (1381 [2002 A.D]) “Obžehâ va Taqiir-e Marâsem-e Dini” (Persian Translation of Objects and Religious Rituals` Change), Nâme-h Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol- (20): 45.
Baker, T. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Nahve-h Anjâm-e Tahqiqât-e Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Doing Social Research), Translated by H. Nâyebi, Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Sorouŝ.
Balles, C. (1380 [2001 A.D]) “Zehniyat-e Nasli” (Persian Translation of Generational Consciousness), Translated by H. Pâyande-h, Faslnâme-h Organon, Vol. - (19):1-30.
Beeman, W. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Zabân, Manzelat va Qodrat dar Iran (Persian Translation of Language, Dignity and Power in Iran), Translated by Reza Zoqadâr Moqadam, Tehran: Naŝr-e Ney.
Bocock, R. (1386 [2007 A.D]) Soratbandihâ-ye Jâme-h-ye Modern (Persian Translation of Cultural Formations of Modern Societies), Translated by Mehrân Mohâjer, Tehran: Naŝr-e Âgâh.
Bollas, C. (1993) Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self Experience, London: Routledge.
Diespstraten, I. & Estere, P. (1999) “Talking about My Generation Ego and Alter Image of Generation in the Netherland”, The Netherlands Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 35(2): 91-109.
Direnzo, G. (1975) Social Change and Rational Character, New York: New York
Akbari, M. (1384) Tabârsenâsi-ye Hoviyat-e Jadid-e Irani (Persian Translation of The Genealogy of Iranian New Identity), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Elmi va Farhangi.
Alixâni, A. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Negâhi be-h Padide-h Gosast-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of The Study of Gap Generations Phenomenon), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni va Ejtemâi.
Alixâni, A. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Hoviyat dar Iran (Persian Translation of Identity in Iran), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni-ye Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Âzâd Armaki, T. & Ŝâlči, V. (1384 [2005 A.D]) “Do Jahân-e Irani”, (Persian Translation of Two Iranian worlds), Faslnâme-h Anjoman-e Irani-ye Motâleât-e Farhangi va Ertebâtât, Vol. 1(4): 146-148.
Âzâd Armaki, T. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Râbete-h Beyn-e Nasli dar Xânevâde-h Irani (Persian Translation of The Relationship between Generation in Iranian family), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Âgah.
Âzâd Armaki, T. (1388 [2004 A.D])) Ŝekâf-e Nasli dar Roykardhâ-ye Kalân-e Jâmeeŝenâxti (Persian Translation of Generation Gap in Major Sociological Approaches), Tehran: Enteshârât-e Âgâh.
Bahâr, M. (1381 [2002 A.D]) “Obžehâ va Taqiir-e Marâsem-e Dini” (Persian Translation of Objects and Religious Rituals` Change), Nâme-h Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol- (20): 45.
Baker, T. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Nahve-h Anjâm-e Tahqiqât-e Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Doing Social Research), Translated by H. Nâyebi, Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Sorouŝ.
Balles, C. (1380 [2001 A.D]) “Zehniyat-e Nasli” (Persian Translation of Generational Consciousness), Translated by H. Pâyande-h, Faslnâme-h Organon, Vol. - (19):1-30.
Beeman, W. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Zabân, Manzelat va Qodrat dar Iran (Persian Translation of Language, Dignity and Power in Iran), Translated by Reza Zoqadâr Moqadam, Tehran: Naŝr-e Ney.
Bocock, R. (1386 [2007 A.D]) Soratbandihâ-ye Jâme-h-ye Modern (Persian Translation of Cultural Formations of Modern Societies), Translated by Mehrân Mohâjer, Tehran: Naŝr-e Âgâh.
Bollas, C. (1993) Being a Character: Psychoanalysis and Self Experience, London: Routledge.
Diespstraten, I. & Estere, P. (1999) “Talking about My Generation Ego and Alter Image of Generation in the Netherland”, The Netherlands Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 35(2): 91-109.
Direnzo, G. (1975) Social Change and Rational Character, New York: New York
Press.
Esmâeili M. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Dâneŝgâh va Siyâsat (Persian Translation of University and Politic), Tehran: Bonyâd-e Andiŝe-h Islâmi.
Farhâdpoor, M. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Neqâb-e Naqd (Persian Translation of The Mask of Critique), Tehran: Naŝr-e Česme-h.
Gordon, M. (1997) “Dictionary of Sociology”, Oxford:European Sociological.
Gozâreŝ-e Ŝorâ-ye Farhangi va Ejtemâi (1382 [2003 A.D]) Dâneŝgâh, Jâmee-h va Farhang (Persian Translation of University, Society and Culture), Tehran: Vezârat-e Olum Tahqiqât va Fanâvari.
Inglehart, R. (1373 [1994 A.D]) Tahavol-e Farhangi dar Javâm-e Piŝrafteh-ye Sanati (Persian Translation of Cultural Shift in Advanced Industrial Societies), Translated by Maryam Wetr, Tehran: Naŝr-e Kavir.
Jalali, H. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Ŝekâf-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of Generation Gap), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Karamolâhi, N. (1379 [2000A.D]) Ŝenâxt-e Xorde-h Farhang-e Javânân: Kârkerdhâ va Asâr-e ân (Persian Translation of Understanding Youth Subculture: Functions and Results), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Kârgâh-e Tahlil-e Yâfte-h-hâ-ye Peymâyes-e Arzeŝhâ va Negareŝhâ (1383 [2004 A.D]) Gosast va Tadâvom-e Nasli (Persian Translation of Gap and Generational Continvancy), Tehran: Vezârat-e Farhang va Erŝâd-e Islâmi.
Keller, V. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Javânân dar Jâmee-h (Persian Translation of Youth in Society), Translated by Ali Akbar Tâj Mazinâni, Tehran: Sâzmân-e Meli-ye Javânân.
Lauver, R. (1373 [1994 A.D]) Didgâhhâi Darbâre-h Degargoni-ye Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Viewpoints about Social Change), Translated by K. Emâmi, Tehran: Nasr-e Markaz.
Manhiem, K. (1972) “The Problem of Generation in Eassay on the Sociology of Knowledge”, London: Routledge and Kengan poau Ltd.
Naqib Sâdât, S. (1378 [1999 A.D] “Tahlil-e Filmhâ-ye Pormasraf-e Videoi” (Persian Translation of Analysis of Video High-use Films), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. - (14, 15): 229-238.
Qobâdi, X. (1382 [2003 A.D]) “Gosast-e Pârâdâymi Beyn-e Noxbegân-e Iran” (Persian Translation of the Paradigmic Gap between Iranian Elites), Majmoe-h Maqâlât-e Gosast-e Naslhâ, Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Rafipoor, F. (1376 [1997 A.D]) “Taqiirât-e Arzeŝhâ dar Aiine-ye Sinamâ va Matboât” (Persian Translation of Values Changes in Cinema and Press), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. - (14, 15): 5-30.
Rafipoor, F. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Vasâyel-e Ertebât-e Jamii va Taqiir-e Arzeŝhâ-ye Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Mass Media and Changing Social Values), Tehran: Serkat-e Sahâmi-ye Enteŝâr.
Esmâeili M. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Dâneŝgâh va Siyâsat (Persian Translation of University and Politic), Tehran: Bonyâd-e Andiŝe-h Islâmi.
Farhâdpoor, M. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Neqâb-e Naqd (Persian Translation of The Mask of Critique), Tehran: Naŝr-e Česme-h.
Gordon, M. (1997) “Dictionary of Sociology”, Oxford:European Sociological.
Gozâreŝ-e Ŝorâ-ye Farhangi va Ejtemâi (1382 [2003 A.D]) Dâneŝgâh, Jâmee-h va Farhang (Persian Translation of University, Society and Culture), Tehran: Vezârat-e Olum Tahqiqât va Fanâvari.
Inglehart, R. (1373 [1994 A.D]) Tahavol-e Farhangi dar Javâm-e Piŝrafteh-ye Sanati (Persian Translation of Cultural Shift in Advanced Industrial Societies), Translated by Maryam Wetr, Tehran: Naŝr-e Kavir.
Jalali, H. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Ŝekâf-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of Generation Gap), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Karamolâhi, N. (1379 [2000A.D]) Ŝenâxt-e Xorde-h Farhang-e Javânân: Kârkerdhâ va Asâr-e ân (Persian Translation of Understanding Youth Subculture: Functions and Results), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Kârgâh-e Tahlil-e Yâfte-h-hâ-ye Peymâyes-e Arzeŝhâ va Negareŝhâ (1383 [2004 A.D]) Gosast va Tadâvom-e Nasli (Persian Translation of Gap and Generational Continvancy), Tehran: Vezârat-e Farhang va Erŝâd-e Islâmi.
Keller, V. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Javânân dar Jâmee-h (Persian Translation of Youth in Society), Translated by Ali Akbar Tâj Mazinâni, Tehran: Sâzmân-e Meli-ye Javânân.
Lauver, R. (1373 [1994 A.D]) Didgâhhâi Darbâre-h Degargoni-ye Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Viewpoints about Social Change), Translated by K. Emâmi, Tehran: Nasr-e Markaz.
Manhiem, K. (1972) “The Problem of Generation in Eassay on the Sociology of Knowledge”, London: Routledge and Kengan poau Ltd.
Naqib Sâdât, S. (1378 [1999 A.D] “Tahlil-e Filmhâ-ye Pormasraf-e Videoi” (Persian Translation of Analysis of Video High-use Films), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. - (14, 15): 229-238.
Qobâdi, X. (1382 [2003 A.D]) “Gosast-e Pârâdâymi Beyn-e Noxbegân-e Iran” (Persian Translation of the Paradigmic Gap between Iranian Elites), Majmoe-h Maqâlât-e Gosast-e Naslhâ, Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Rafipoor, F. (1376 [1997 A.D]) “Taqiirât-e Arzeŝhâ dar Aiine-ye Sinamâ va Matboât” (Persian Translation of Values Changes in Cinema and Press), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. - (14, 15): 5-30.
Rafipoor, F. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Vasâyel-e Ertebât-e Jamii va Taqiir-e Arzeŝhâ-ye Ejtemâi (Persian Translation of Mass Media and Changing Social Values), Tehran: Serkat-e Sahâmi-ye Enteŝâr.
Ŝafi Abâdi, A. (1372 [1993 A.D) Naqŝ-e Xânevâde-h dar Roŝd-e Avâtef-e Kodak va Nojavân (Persian Translation of The Role of Family in Child and Adolescent`s Emotional Growth), Tehran: Dâneŝgâh-e Âzâd-e Islâmi.
Ŝarafi, M. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Javân va Bohrân-e Hoviyat (Persian Translation of Youth and Identity Crisis), Tehran: Naŝr-e Sorous.
Sâroxâni, B. (1375 [1996 A.D]) Darâmadi bar Dâyeratolmaâref-e Olum-e Ejtemâi (Persian Introduction to Encyclopedia of Social Sciences), Tehran: Naŝr-e Keyhân.
Sâzmân-e Meli-ye Javânân (1380 [2001 A.D]) Vaziiyat va Negareŝ-e Javânân-e Iran (Persian Translation Status and Attitudes of Iranian Youth), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Sâzmân.
Scafers, B. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Mabâni-ye Jâmeeŝenâsi-ye Javânân (Persian Translation of Soziologie des Jugendalters), Translated by Kerâmat, Tehran: Naŝr-e Ney.
Serâj Zâde-h, J. (1382 [2003 A.D) Negareŝhâ va Raftâr-e Dâneŝjoyân (Persian Translation of Attitudes and Behaviors of Students), Tehran: Daftar-e Barnâme-h Rizi-ye Ejtemâi-Farhangi-ye Vezârat-e Olum Tahqiqât va Fanâvari.
Sexavat, J. (1375 [1996 A.D]) “Mekânismhâ-ye Hanjarpaziri-ye Javânân va Râh-hâ-ye Moqâbele-h bâ Nofoz-e Farhangi-ye Nâmatlob” (Persian Translation of The Mechanisms of Youth Normality and Confrontation to Undesirable Cultural Influence), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. 1 (2,3): 25-27.
Spock, B. (1364 [1985 A.D]) Parvareŝ-e Farzand dar Asr-e Doŝvâr-e Mâ (Persian Translation of Raising Children in Our Difficult Time), Translated by Houŝang Ebrâmi, Tehran: Naŝr-e Safi Ali-Ŝâh.
Tavakol, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) “Ŝekâf-e Nasli” (Persian Translation of Generational Gap), Nâme-h Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol. - (27): 1-30.
Tavakoli, M. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Barrasi-ye Vižegihâ-ye do Nasl dar Čârčob-e Nezâm-e Arzeŝhâ (Persian Translation of The Study of Characteristics of two Generations in Frame of Values System), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Taymori, K. (1377 [1998 A.D]) “Barrasi-ye Arzeŝhâ-ye Pedarân va Pesarân va Boroz-e Sekâf dar Miyân-e Naslhâ” (Persian Translation of The Study of Fathers` and Sons` Values and Raising Gap Between the Generations), Faslnâme-h Farhang-e Omomi, Vol.- (16,17): 32-33.
Yousefi, N. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Ŝekâf-e Beyn-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of Gap between Generations), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni va Ejtemâi.
Zibâ Kalâm, S. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Sonat va Modernity (Persian Translation of Tradition and Modernity), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Rozane-h.
Zokâii, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) Farhang-e Motâleât-e Javânân (Persian Translation of Youth Studies), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Agâh. (1386 [2007 A.D]) Jâmeeŝenâsi-ye Javânân (Persian Translation of Youth Sociology), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Agâh.
Ŝarafi, M. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Javân va Bohrân-e Hoviyat (Persian Translation of Youth and Identity Crisis), Tehran: Naŝr-e Sorous.
Sâroxâni, B. (1375 [1996 A.D]) Darâmadi bar Dâyeratolmaâref-e Olum-e Ejtemâi (Persian Introduction to Encyclopedia of Social Sciences), Tehran: Naŝr-e Keyhân.
Sâzmân-e Meli-ye Javânân (1380 [2001 A.D]) Vaziiyat va Negareŝ-e Javânân-e Iran (Persian Translation Status and Attitudes of Iranian Youth), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Sâzmân.
Scafers, B. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Mabâni-ye Jâmeeŝenâsi-ye Javânân (Persian Translation of Soziologie des Jugendalters), Translated by Kerâmat, Tehran: Naŝr-e Ney.
Serâj Zâde-h, J. (1382 [2003 A.D) Negareŝhâ va Raftâr-e Dâneŝjoyân (Persian Translation of Attitudes and Behaviors of Students), Tehran: Daftar-e Barnâme-h Rizi-ye Ejtemâi-Farhangi-ye Vezârat-e Olum Tahqiqât va Fanâvari.
Sexavat, J. (1375 [1996 A.D]) “Mekânismhâ-ye Hanjarpaziri-ye Javânân va Râh-hâ-ye Moqâbele-h bâ Nofoz-e Farhangi-ye Nâmatlob” (Persian Translation of The Mechanisms of Youth Normality and Confrontation to Undesirable Cultural Influence), Nâme-h Pažoheŝ, Vol. 1 (2,3): 25-27.
Spock, B. (1364 [1985 A.D]) Parvareŝ-e Farzand dar Asr-e Doŝvâr-e Mâ (Persian Translation of Raising Children in Our Difficult Time), Translated by Houŝang Ebrâmi, Tehran: Naŝr-e Safi Ali-Ŝâh.
Tavakol, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) “Ŝekâf-e Nasli” (Persian Translation of Generational Gap), Nâme-h Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol. - (27): 1-30.
Tavakoli, M. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Barrasi-ye Vižegihâ-ye do Nasl dar Čârčob-e Nezâm-e Arzeŝhâ (Persian Translation of The Study of Characteristics of two Generations in Frame of Values System), Tehran: Jahâd-e Dâneŝgâhi.
Taymori, K. (1377 [1998 A.D]) “Barrasi-ye Arzeŝhâ-ye Pedarân va Pesarân va Boroz-e Sekâf dar Miyân-e Naslhâ” (Persian Translation of The Study of Fathers` and Sons` Values and Raising Gap Between the Generations), Faslnâme-h Farhang-e Omomi, Vol.- (16,17): 32-33.
Yousefi, N. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Ŝekâf-e Beyn-e Naslhâ (Persian Translation of Gap between Generations), Tehran: Pažoheŝkade-h Olum-e Ensâni va Ejtemâi.
Zibâ Kalâm, S. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Sonat va Modernity (Persian Translation of Tradition and Modernity), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Rozane-h.
Zokâii, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) Farhang-e Motâleât-e Javânân (Persian Translation of Youth Studies), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Agâh. (1386 [2007 A.D]) Jâmeeŝenâsi-ye Javânân (Persian Translation of Youth Sociology), Tehran: Enteŝârât-e Agâh.
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