Document Type : Scientific Research Manuscript
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Cultural and Communications, Imam Sadeq University
2 PhD Candidate of Cultural Sociology, University of Tehran
Abstract
Identity is one of the most complicated concepts in humanities and social sciences. It is a multi-aspected phenomenon which expresses different meanings from different viewpoints. Generally we can say that Identity is a result of dialect between conceptual system and socio-cultural structures. In this approach, Identity is addressed in relation with ; and so, emphasis on “self” and “others” unit of analysis. But when we focus on “cultural identity”, the relationship between identity and complicated concepts, e.g. culture and nationality, will turn into a mess which then, identity concept can be interpreted by different theoretical approaches. This meaning specially is important in Iran, because Iranian, Islamic and western identity sources affected Iranian people identity in different ages and finally born into contemporary Iranian cultural identity. We can name two different identity approaches here: descriptive approach which describe now and then, and prescriptive or policy approach which regards identity policies. In prescriptive approach, identity elements are general and abstract concepts, because identity change is regarded as an incremental movement .in regard with this basis in identity policy, we can analyze main Iranian cultural identity elements in five domains: religion, language, cultural geography, history and cultural memory, and social system.
Keywords
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Aštariân, K. (under publication) Siâsat-e Hoviat: Melâkhâ va Meyâyhây-e Hoviat (Persian Translation of Identity Politics: The Principles of Identity), -: -.
Bhugra, D., & Becker, M. (2005) “Migration, Cultural Bereavement and Cultural Identity”, World Psychiatry, Vol. 4 (-): 18-24.
Birou, A. (1370 [1991 A.D]) Farhang Oloom-e Ejtemâee (Persian Translation of Vocabulaire pratique des sciences sociales), Transalted by Bâqer Sârooxâni, Tehrân: Moasese Keyhân.
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Crang, M. (1998) Cultural Geography, London: Routledge.
Dâvariardakâni, N. (1386 a [2007 A.D]) “Namâhây-e Hoviat-e Irâni va Zabân Fârsi” (Persian Translation of The Symbols of Iranian Identity and Persian Language), Faslnâmeh Motâeât Meli, Vol.- (30):-.
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Giddens, A. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Tajadod va Tašaxos (Persian Translation of Modernity and Self - Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age), Translated by Nâser Movafaqiân, Tehrân: Našr-e Ney.
(1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge: Polity.
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Kačooiân, H. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Tatavorât Goftmânhây-e Hoviati-e Irân: Irân dar Kešâkeš bâ Tajadodo va Mâbad Tajadod (Persian Translation of The Evolution of Iranian Identity Discourses: Iran Between Modernity and Post Modernity), Tehrân: Našr-e Ney.
(1387 [ 2008 A.D]) “Amiqtarin Lâyeh Hoviati” ( Persian Translation of The Deepest Layer of Identity), available at http://kachooyan.com/1387/09/14/historical-and-value-identity/
Lotman Yuri; Shukman, A. (2001) Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture, London: I. B. Tauris.
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Matsuura, Koïchiro, Message from Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, on the celebration of “2008, International Year of Languages”
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Matsuura, Koïchiro, Message from Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, on the celebration of “2008, International Year of Languages”
Matsuura, Koïchiro, Message from Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, on the celebration of “2008, International Year of Languages”
Motahari, M. (1362 [1983 A.D]) Xadamât-e Motaqâbel Eslâm va Irân (Persian Translation of The Contributions of Islam and Iran), Qom: Entešâât Sadrâ.
(1372 [1993 A.D]) Pirâmoom-e Enqelâb Eslâmi (Persian Translation of Islamic Revolution), Qom: Entešâât Sadrâ.
Najafi, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) Takvin va Takavvon-e Hoviat-e Meli –e Irâniân ( Persian Translaton of Evolution of Iranian National Identity), Tehrân: Pažoohešgâh Oloom-e Ensâni va Motâleât Farhangi.
Nasr, H. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Marefat va Manaviat (Persian Translation of Knowledge and Spirituality), Tehrân: Daftar Pažooheš va Našr-e Sohrevardi.
Olson, Eric T. (2002) “Personal Identity, ” in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta, ed. URL= http://plato. stanford.edu/archives / fall2002/ entries/identity-personal /. 2002
Rajâee, F. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Moškele Hoviat Irâniân-e Emrooz: Ifây-e Naqš dar Asr-e Yek Tamaddon va Čand Farhang (Persian Translation of The Problem of Contemporary Iranians` Identity: Role Making in the World of One Civilization and Few Cultures), Tehrân: Našr-e Ney.
Ravâsâni, Š. ( 1380 [ 2001 A.D]) Zaminehây-e Ejtemâee Hoviat Meli (Persian Translations of The Social Context of National Identity), Tehrâ: Markaz-e Bâzšenâsi Eslâm va Irân.
Rocher, G. (1376 [1997 A.D]) Jâmešenâsi Tâlgot Pârsonz (Persian Translation of Talcott Parsons and American Sociology), Transalted by Abdolhossein Nikgohar, Tehrân: Moaseseh Farhangi Entešârâti Tebyân.
Rooholamini, M. (1379 [2000 A.D]) Zamineh Farhangšenâsi (Persian Translation of The Context of Culturology), Tehrân: Entešârât Attâr.
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Sâqebfar and et al (1383 [2004 A.D]) Irân, Hoviat, Meliat, Qomiat (Persian Translation of Iran, Identity, Nationality and Ethnicity), Tehrân: Moaseseh Tahqiqât va Toseeh
Oloom Ensâni.
Šariati, A. (1379 [2000 A.D]) Bâzšenâsi Hoviat-e Irâni Eslâmi (Persian Translation of Understanding Iranian Islamic Identity), Tehrân: Entešârât Elhâm.
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Xâniki, H. (1383 [2004 A.D]) “Hoviat va Goftemân Hoviati dar Irân” (Persian
Šariati, A. (1379 [2000 A.D]) Bâzšenâsi Hoviat-e Irâni Eslâmi (Persian Translation of Understanding Iranian Islamic Identity), Tehrân: Entešârât Elhâm.
Sariolqalam, M. (1383 a [2004 A.D]) “ Pârâdox-e Hoviat dar Irân: Taqâbol-e Liberâlism va Eslâm” (Persian Translation of The Paradox of Identity in Iran: Liberalism and Islam), in Aliakbar Alixâni, Hoviat dar Irân, Tehrân: Pažooheškadeh Oloom-e Ensâni va Ejtemâee Jahâd Dânešgâhi.
(1383 b [2004 A.D]) Mafhoom Šenâsi Hoviat-e Meli (Persian Translation of The Concept of National Identity), in Dâvood Mirmohammadi, Goftârhâee darbâreh Hoviat-e Meli dar Irân, Tehrân:Moaseseh Motâleât Meli.
Šayegân, D. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Afsoonzadegi-e Jadid: Hoviat Čehel Tekeh va Tafakor-e Sayyâr (Persian Translation of ), Translated by Fâtemeh Valiâni, Tehrân:Našr-e Pažoohesh Foroozân Rooz.
(1381 [2002 A.D]) Bothây-e Zehni va Xâterey-e Azali (Persian Translation of Mental), Tehrân: Entešârât Amirkabir.
(1383 [2004 A.D]) “Hoviathây-e Čandgâneh” (Persian Translation of The Plural Identities), in Aliakbar Alixâni, Hoviat va Bohrân Hoviat, Tehrân: Pažooheškadeh Oloom-e Ensâni va Ejtemâee Jahâd Dânešgâhi.
Smith, Anthony D. (1991) National Identity, London: Penguine Books.
Smith, F. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Darâmadi bar Nazariyeh Farhangi (Persian Translation of Cultural Theory: An Introduction), Translated by Hasan pooyân, Tehrân: Daftar-e Pažoohešhây-e Farhangi.
Sorooš, A. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Râzdâni va Rošangari va Dindâri (Persian Translation of Secret Keeping, Intellectuality and Religiosity), Tehrân: Moaseseh Farhangi Serât.
Taguchi, T. (2006) Welsh Nationalism and Cultural Identity Journal of Culture and Information Science, 1 (1), 1-7.
Tavasoli, Ğ. (1383 [2004 A.D]) “ Tahlili az Andišeh Piyer Bordiyo darbâeh Fazây-e Monâzeeâmiz Ejtemâee va Naqš-e Jâmešenâsi (Persian Translation of The Analysis of Piere Bourdiou`s Thoughts), Nâme Oloom Ejtemâee, Vol.- ( 23):-.
Unesco, ( 2007) “The 2009 Unesco Framework for Cultural Statistics”, Unesco Institute for Statistics First Edition, Montreal, available at http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ ev.php-URL_ ID =35559 & URL_DO =DO _TOPIC & URL _SECTION = 201.html
Vezzoni, C. (2007) Components of National Identity, Milan: University of Milan.
Xâniki, H. (1383 [2004 A.D]) “Hoviat va Goftemân Hoviati dar Irân” (Persian
Translation of Identity and The Discourses in Iran), in Alikakbar Alixâni, Hoviat dar Irân, Tehrân: Pažoohešadeh Motâleât Farhangi va Ejtemâee Jahâd Dânešgâhi.
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