Document Type : Scientific Research Manuscript
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Curriculum Planning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. (Corresponding Author).
2 M.A. in Primary Education, Azad University of Urmia.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the impact of religious cartoons on religiosity of female six-grade students. This study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population was primary school's sixth grade female students of Miyandoab city who were studying in non-public schools. By random sampling, a class of 15 people as experimental group and a class of 15 people as a control group were selected. Before performing any intervention, religiosity questionnaire was used in both groups. Then, after two weeks in experimental group, interventions (religious cartoons) were performed during 11 weeks andin the other class (control group) no intervention was done. Finally, after three months religiosity questionnaire was used again in both groups and the results were analyzed using MANCOVA. The results showed that religious cartoons could have significant impact on religiosity of students in experimental group.
Keywords
Ahmadi, Y. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Vaz'iyat-e dindāri va negareš beh āyandeh-ye din dar miyān-e nasl hā (motāle'eh-ye muredi: šahr-e Sanandaj). Ma'refat-e farhangi ejtemā'i, 1, 17-44.
Ali, H. & Muhammad, D. (2013). Cartoon Network and its Impact on Behavior of School Going Children: A Case Study of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 2(1), 6 – 11.
'Alinaqi. A. H. (1379 [2000 A.D]). Resāneh va āmuzeš-e penhān (emkān sanji-e muredi-e āmuzeš-e penhān dar fa'āliyat hā-ye resāneh-i dar Irān). Motāle'āt-e rāhbordi, 7-8, 183-196.
Anderson, D.R.; Huston, A.C.; Schmitt, K.L.; Linebarger, D.L., & Wright, J.C. (2001). Early childhood television and adolescent behavior: The recontact study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 66 (1, Serial No. 264).
Anis, F.; Ashfaq, A. & Mujtaba, A. (2012). Promotion of hindus in children through cartoons in pakistan. Cross-Ccultural Communication, 8 (1), 86-90.
Bābāyi, M., & Qā'edi, Y., & Zarghāmi Hamrāh, S., & Nasri, A. (1393 [2014]). Falsafeh-ye film va ešārāt-e ān barāye hosul-e āgāhi yā fahm az manzar-e hermunotik-e Gādāmer. Andišeh hā-ye novin-e tarbiyati, 10(40), 51-76.
Baran, J. S. & David, K.D. (2009). Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and culture. New York: McGraw Hill.
Bourne, L. E. & Ekstrand, B. R.(1982). Psychology. New York: CBS College Publishing.
Bushman, B.J., & Huesmann, L.R. (2001). Effects of televised violence on aggression. In D.G. Singer & J.L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of Children and the Media, 223– 254. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Dāvudi, M. (1390 [2011 A.D]). Naqš-e mo'alem dar tarbiyat-e dini. Qom: Entešārāt-e Pažuhešgāh-e Huzeh va Dānešgāh.
Diehl, D. C. & Toelle, S. C. (2011). Making good decisions: Television, learning, and the cognitive development of young children. Family Youth and Community Sciences. University of Florida, IFAs Extension. Accessed on 27 October, 2014 from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1074.
Faraji, M., & Kāzemi, 'A. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Barresi-e vaz'iyat-e dindāri dar Irān: (bā ta'kid bar dādeh hā-ye peymāyeš hā-ye seh daheh-ye gozašteh). Tahqiqāt-e farhangi-e Irān, 2(6), 79-96.
Fraser, S.; Lewis, V. & Ding, S. (2004) .Doing research with children and young people. London: Sage.
Garden J. (2008). How does cartoon violence affect children. TV Genres and Trends. Accessed 21 October, 2014 from http://www.entertainmentscene360.com/index.php/ how-does-cartoon-violence-affect-children-25755/
Gerbner, G.; Morgan, M., & Signorelli, N. (1986). Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. In J. Bryant & D.Zillman (Eds.), Perspectives on Media Effects. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gholāmi, M., & Hamidiyān, Z. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Āšnāyi bā mahārat hā-ye morabi-e Qorān-e mahd-e kudak va raveš-e hefz-e Qorān-e piš dabestāni. Mašhad: Entešārāt-e Jāme'eh-ye Qāriyān-e Qorān-e Mašhad.
Hjarvard, S. (2008). The medialization of society, A theory of the media as agents of social and cultural change. Nordicom Review, 29, 105-134.
Hoover, S, M. (2012). Religion and the Media in the 21st Century. Conference on Media, Diversity, and Religious Freedom. Auditori de la Facultat de Comunicació Blanquerna. Universitat Ramon Llull. February 3, 2012.
Hoover, S, M.(2006). Religion in the media age. London: Routledge.
Horsfield, P. (2004). Theology, church and media: contours in a changing cultural terrain. In P. Horsfield, M. Hess and A. Medrano (Eds). Belief in Media. Cultural Perspectives on Media and Christianity. Aldershot: Ashgate, 23-33.
'Isāzadegān, 'A. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Dindāri va šaxsiyat; Motāle'eh-ye moruri. Majmu'eh maqālāt-e hamāyeš-e tarbiyat-e dini. Qom: Entešārāt-e Mo'aseseh-ye āmuzeši-e Emām Xomeyni.
Kalāntari, M., & Kalāntari, ΄A. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Dindāri dar nasl hā-ye moxtalef (motāle΄eh-ye muredi šahrestān-e Sāri). Motāle΄āt va tahqiqāt-e ejtemā΄i, 1(2), 173-200.
Kamaruzaman, J. (2009). Television and Media Literacy in Young Children: Issues and Effects in Early Childhood. International Education Studies. 2 (3).
Kuhi, K., & ΄Abās Zādeh, M., & Xājeh Bi Šak, ΄A. (1393 [2014 A.D]). Barresi-e ta΄sir-e resāneh hā-ye dāxeli va xāreji bar mizān-e pāybandi beh sabk-e zendegi-e dini dar beyn-e šahrvandān-e 15-65 sāleh-ye šahr-e Tabriz, Pažuheš hā-ye rāhbordi-e amniyat va nazm-e ejtemā΄i, 3(1), 79-94.
Littlejohn, S. (1384 [2005 A.D]). Nazariyeh hā-ye ertebātāt. (Persian translation of Theories of human communication), translated by: Qāsem Nežād Jāme΄i, ΄A., & Nurbaxš, S. M., & Mirhoseyni, S. A. Tehrān: Entešārāt-e Jangal.
Mahdi Zādeh, S. M. (1389 [2010 A.D]). Nazariyeh hā-ye resāneh: andišeh hā-ye rāyej va didgāh hā-ye enteqādi. Tehrān: Našr-e Hamšahri.
Maleki, H., & Šāmeli, 'A., & Šokr Alāhi, M. (1390 [2011 A.D]). Tarbiyat-e 'ebādi-e kudakān, Eslām va pažuheš hā-ye tarbiyati, 3(1), 105-132.
Martin-Barbero, J.(1997). Mass media as a site of resocialization of contemporary culture. In S. Hoover & K. Lund by (Eds.). Rethinking Media, Religion and Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 102–116.
McDonough P. (2009). TV Viewing among Kids at an Eight-year High. Nielsen wire. Accessed 11 November 2009 from http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/ media_entertainment/tv-viewing-among-kids-at-an-eight-year-high/Media, 1, 35-44.
McLuhan, M. (1968). Understanding Media: the extensions of man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul ltd.
Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Social learning and imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Mozafari, A., & Mohamadi Sādeq. S. (1389 [2010 A.D]). Naqš-e pāygāh-e ejtemā'i eqtesādi-e nujavānān dar xošunat paziri az seryāl hā-ye televiziuni (motāle'eh-ye moredi: nujavānān-e zāhedāni). 'Olum-e ejtemā'i, 4(3), 71-95.
Musi(ā) Pur, N. (1387 [2008 A.D]). Arzešyābi-e puyānamāyi hā-ye dini-e televiziun-e Jomhuri-e Eslāmi-e Irān. Tahqiqāt-e farhangi-e Irān, 1(3), 157-182.
Olusola, O. & Kehinde, O. (2014). Perceived Influence of Television Cartoons on Nigerian Children’s Social Behavior. Accessed from: http://www.ec.ubi.pt/ec/17/pdf/n17a05.
Plate, S. (2003). Representing religion in world cinema: Film making, myth making, culture making. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Poole. E. (2002). Reporting islam: Media representations of british muslims. London: IB Taurus. Programs: Ten years later. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the 80s (Vol II). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Razavi Tusi, M., & Samadi, S. (1392 [2013 A.D]). Ta'sir-e tamāšā-ye animeyšen hā-ye mazhabi-e irāni bar raftār-e dini-e nujavānān. Tahqiqāt-e farhangi-e Irān, 6(1), 105-126.
Razel, M. (2001). The complex model of television viewing and educational achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 94 (6).
Rideout VJ; Foehr UG & Roberts DF. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8-18 Year- Olds. Kaiser Family Foundation. January 2010. Available at: http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/8010.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2010.
Sa'id, Z., & Farāhāni, M. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Barresi-e ta'sir-e resāneh hā bar tarbiyat va rošd-e kudakān va nujavānān. Tarbiyat-e tablighi, 1(2), 38-62.
Šarif Zādeh, H. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Televiziun va tarbiyat-e dini. Tarbiyat-e tablighi, 1(2), 92-109.
Sāruxāni, B. (1377 [1998 A.D]). Darāmadi bar dāyerat ol-ma'āref-e 'olum-e ejtemā'i. tehrān: Mo'aseseh-ye Etelā'āt.
Signorelli, N., Gross, L., & Morgan, M. (1982). Violence in Television Programs: Ten years later. In D. Pearl, L. Bouthilet, & J. Lazar (Eds.), Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the 80s (Vol II). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Silberman, C.E .(1971).Crisis in the classroom. New York: Random House.
Tahmāsbi, M. (1381 [2002 A.D]). Čegunegi-e enteqāl-e mafāhim-e dini beh javānān. Qom: Markaz-e Pažuheš hā-ye Eslāmi-e Sedā va Simā.
Tālebi, M. (1394 [2015 A.D]). Tahavolāt-e dindāri-e mardom-e Irān tey-e 4 daheh-ye axir. (05-15-2015), Retreived from: http://www.jamaran.ir/NewsContent-id_81639.aspx
Thompson, A. (2010). Pros and Cons of Cartoons on Children. Retrieved August 25th, 2010, from http://www.ehow.com/list_6874711_pros-cons-cartoons-kids.html#ixzz0xbVkv0R0.
Uchikoshi, Y. (2005). Narrative development in bilingual kindergartens: can arthur help?. Developmental Psychology, 41(3), 464-478.
Van dyke, C. J, Elias, M. J. (2007). How forgiveness, purpose and religiosity are related to the mental health and well-being of youth: a review of the literature. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10 (4), 395-415
Wartella, E. & Robb, M. (2007). Young Children, New Media. Journal of Children and Media, 1, 35-44.
Xodāyāri Fard, M. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Āmādeh sāzi-e meqyās-e dindāri va arzyābi-e sotuh-e dindāri-e aqšār-e moxtalef-e jāme'eh-ye Irān (markaz-e ostān hā). Tehrān: Dānešgāh-e Tehrān.
)
Send comment about this article