Authors
1 Assistant professor of Sociology, University of Tehran
2 PhD Candidate of Anthropology, University of Delhi
Abstract
Itineraries have been an important source of knowing cultural and social characteristics of societies, but this has been involved with some limitations in understanding, knowledge and interpretation. In fact, travel diaries are a kind of narrative. This narrative is restricted by time, place, situation and events.This article studies itineraries written by foreigners about Iranians and their cultural – social characters. This narrative has a pathological aspect, being dominant aspect in foreign travel diaries. Certainly, they present a biased and presupposed picture of our history, but they could be very instructive.
Keywords
1. Anet, K. (1368 [1989 A.D] Orâq-e Irani (Persian Translation of Feuilles de Persanes),
Translated by Iraj Prošâni, Tehran: Čâpxâne-h Sepehr.
2. Asa Berger, A. (1379 [2000 A.D]) Revâyat dar Farhang-e Âmiyâne-h
(PersianTranslation of Narrative in Popular Culture), Translated by Mohammad Reza
Irâvi, Tehran: Rošan.
3. Atkinson, P. (1990) The Ethnographic Imagination, New York: Routledge.
4. Azâd Armaki, T. & Lâjavardi, H. (1382 [2003 A.D]) “Hermeneutic: Bâz Sâzai yâ
Goftego” (Persian Translation of Hermeneutic: Reconstruction or Dialogue), in Nâmehye
Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol. 11(21): 93-113.
5. Bishop, I. (1375 [1996 A.D]) az Biston tâ Zard Koh-e Bakhtiyâri (Persian Translation
of Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan), Translated by Mehrab Amiri, Tehran: Sahand.
6. Blucher, W. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Blosher (Persian Translation of
Zeitenvende in Iran), Translated by Kaykâvoos Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
7. Brungsch, H. (1374 [1995 A.D]) dar Sarzamin-e Âftâb (Persian Translation of Im
Lande der Sonne), Translated by Majid Jalilvand, Tehran: Markaz.
8. Burnez, A. (1366 [1987 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Barons (Persian Translation of Travels
into Bokhara, Being the Account of the Journey from India to Cabol, Tartary and Persia),
Translated by Hassan Soltâni Far, Tehran: Âstân-e Qods-e Razavi.
9. Chardin, J. (1372 [1983 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Sharden (Persian Translation of
Journal du Voyage du Chevalier Chardin en Perse and aux Indes Orientals), Translated
by Eqbâl Yaqmâi, Tehran: Tos.
10. Curzon, G. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Iran va Qaziyeh-ye Iran (Persian Translation of
Persian and the Persian Question), Translated by Qolâm Ali Vahid Mâzandarâni,
Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
11. De Morgan, J. (1335 [1956 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye De Morgan (Persian Translation
of De Morgan’s Itinerary), Translated by Jahângir Qâem Maqâmi, Tehran: Tahori.
12. Della Valle, P. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Pietro Delavale (Persian
Translation of Cose e Parole nei Viaggi di Pitro Della Valle), Translated by Šoâodin
Safâ, Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
13. Douglas, W. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Sarzamin-e Šegeft Angiz va Mardomi Mehrabân va
Dost Daštani (Persian Translation of Strange Lands and Friendly People), Translated
by Feraydon Sanjar, Tehran: Gotenberg.
14. Drouvill, G. (1337 [1958 A.D]) Safar dar Iran (Persian Translation of Voyage en
Perse), Translated by Manočehr Etemâd Moqadam, Tehran: Gotenberg.
15. Eagleton, T. (2000) The Idea of Culture, Oxford: Blackwell.
16. Fairclough, N. (2003) Analyzing Discourse, London: Routledge.
17. Fuller, G. (1377 [1988 A.D]) Qebleh-ye Âlam: žeopolitik-e Iran (Persian Translation
Translated by Iraj Prošâni, Tehran: Čâpxâne-h Sepehr.
2. Asa Berger, A. (1379 [2000 A.D]) Revâyat dar Farhang-e Âmiyâne-h
(PersianTranslation of Narrative in Popular Culture), Translated by Mohammad Reza
Irâvi, Tehran: Rošan.
3. Atkinson, P. (1990) The Ethnographic Imagination, New York: Routledge.
4. Azâd Armaki, T. & Lâjavardi, H. (1382 [2003 A.D]) “Hermeneutic: Bâz Sâzai yâ
Goftego” (Persian Translation of Hermeneutic: Reconstruction or Dialogue), in Nâmehye
Olum-e Ejtemâi, Vol. 11(21): 93-113.
5. Bishop, I. (1375 [1996 A.D]) az Biston tâ Zard Koh-e Bakhtiyâri (Persian Translation
of Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan), Translated by Mehrab Amiri, Tehran: Sahand.
6. Blucher, W. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Blosher (Persian Translation of
Zeitenvende in Iran), Translated by Kaykâvoos Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
7. Brungsch, H. (1374 [1995 A.D]) dar Sarzamin-e Âftâb (Persian Translation of Im
Lande der Sonne), Translated by Majid Jalilvand, Tehran: Markaz.
8. Burnez, A. (1366 [1987 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Barons (Persian Translation of Travels
into Bokhara, Being the Account of the Journey from India to Cabol, Tartary and Persia),
Translated by Hassan Soltâni Far, Tehran: Âstân-e Qods-e Razavi.
9. Chardin, J. (1372 [1983 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Sharden (Persian Translation of
Journal du Voyage du Chevalier Chardin en Perse and aux Indes Orientals), Translated
by Eqbâl Yaqmâi, Tehran: Tos.
10. Curzon, G. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Iran va Qaziyeh-ye Iran (Persian Translation of
Persian and the Persian Question), Translated by Qolâm Ali Vahid Mâzandarâni,
Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
11. De Morgan, J. (1335 [1956 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye De Morgan (Persian Translation
of De Morgan’s Itinerary), Translated by Jahângir Qâem Maqâmi, Tehran: Tahori.
12. Della Valle, P. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Pietro Delavale (Persian
Translation of Cose e Parole nei Viaggi di Pitro Della Valle), Translated by Šoâodin
Safâ, Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
13. Douglas, W. (1377 [1998 A.D]) Sarzamin-e Šegeft Angiz va Mardomi Mehrabân va
Dost Daštani (Persian Translation of Strange Lands and Friendly People), Translated
by Feraydon Sanjar, Tehran: Gotenberg.
14. Drouvill, G. (1337 [1958 A.D]) Safar dar Iran (Persian Translation of Voyage en
Perse), Translated by Manočehr Etemâd Moqadam, Tehran: Gotenberg.
15. Eagleton, T. (2000) The Idea of Culture, Oxford: Blackwell.
16. Fairclough, N. (2003) Analyzing Discourse, London: Routledge.
17. Fuller, G. (1377 [1988 A.D]) Qebleh-ye Âlam: žeopolitik-e Iran (Persian Translation
of The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran), Translated by Abbâs Moxber,
Tehran: Markaz.
18. Gemelli Careri, G. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Careri (Persian Translation of
Voyage du Tour du Monde), Translated by Abbâs Naxjavâni, Abdolali Kârang, Tehran:
Elmi va Farhangi.
19. Gobineau, K. (-) Se-h Sâl dar Iran (Persian Translation of Three Years in Iran),
Translated by Zabiholâh Mansori, Tehran: Faroxi.
20. Gregor, M. (1366 [1987 A.D]) Šarh-e Safari be Iyâlat-e Xorâsân (Persian Translation
of Narrative of Journey through the Province of Khorasan and on the N.W Frontier),
Translated by Majid Mahdi Zâde-h, Tehran: Âstân-e Qods.
21. Holy, L. (1987) Comparative Anthropology, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
22. Jackson, A. (1369 [1990 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Jackson: Iran dar Gozašte-h va
Hâl (Persian Translation of Persia: Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research),
Translated by Manočehr Amiri, Fereydon Badrei, Tehran: Xârazmi.
23. Kaemfer, E. (1360 [1981 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Campfer (Persian Translation of
Am Hofte des Persischen), Translated by kaykâvoos Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
24. Morier, J. (1376 [1987 A.D]) Hâji Bâbâ-ye Esfehâni (Persian Translation of The
Adventures of Hajji Baba of Isfahan), Translated by Mahdi Afšâr, Tehran: Elmi.
25. Palmer, R. (1377 [1988 A.D]) Elm-e Hermeneutik (Persian Translation of
Hermeneutic: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and
Gadamer), Translated by Mohammad Saiid Hânâi-ye Kâšâni, Tehran: Hermes.
26. Polak, A. (1368 [1989 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Polack: Iran va Iranian (Persian
Translation of Persein das land und sein Bewohner), Translated by Kaykâvoos
Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
27. Ray, W. (2001) The Logic of Culture, Oxford: Blackwell.
28. Rubel, G. & Rosman, A. (2003) Translating Cultures: Perspectives on Translating
Cultures, New York: Berg.
29. Sackville West, V. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Mosâfer-e Tehran (Persian Translation of
Passenger to Tehran), Translated by Mehrân Tavakoli, Tehran: Našr-e Nay.
30. Said, E. (1995) Orientalism, New Delhi: Penguin Book.
31. Stark, F. (1364 [1985 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Alamot, Lorestân va Ilâm (Persian
Translation of The Valleys of the Assassins and other Persian Travels), Translated by
Ali Mohammad Sâki, Tehran: Entešârât-e Elmi.
32. Stiver, D. (1987) The Philosophy of Religious Language, Oxford: Blackwell.
33. Tavernier, J. (-) Safarnâmeh-ye Tavernier (Persian Translation of Tavernier`s
Itinerary), Translated by Abotorâb Nori, Isfahan: Sanâi.
34. Vâezi, J. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Darâmadi bar Hermeneutics (Persian Translation of
Introduction to Hermeneutics), Tehran: Pažohešgâh-e Farhang va Andišeh-ye Islami.
Tehran: Markaz.
18. Gemelli Careri, G. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Careri (Persian Translation of
Voyage du Tour du Monde), Translated by Abbâs Naxjavâni, Abdolali Kârang, Tehran:
Elmi va Farhangi.
19. Gobineau, K. (-) Se-h Sâl dar Iran (Persian Translation of Three Years in Iran),
Translated by Zabiholâh Mansori, Tehran: Faroxi.
20. Gregor, M. (1366 [1987 A.D]) Šarh-e Safari be Iyâlat-e Xorâsân (Persian Translation
of Narrative of Journey through the Province of Khorasan and on the N.W Frontier),
Translated by Majid Mahdi Zâde-h, Tehran: Âstân-e Qods.
21. Holy, L. (1987) Comparative Anthropology, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
22. Jackson, A. (1369 [1990 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Jackson: Iran dar Gozašte-h va
Hâl (Persian Translation of Persia: Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research),
Translated by Manočehr Amiri, Fereydon Badrei, Tehran: Xârazmi.
23. Kaemfer, E. (1360 [1981 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Campfer (Persian Translation of
Am Hofte des Persischen), Translated by kaykâvoos Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
24. Morier, J. (1376 [1987 A.D]) Hâji Bâbâ-ye Esfehâni (Persian Translation of The
Adventures of Hajji Baba of Isfahan), Translated by Mahdi Afšâr, Tehran: Elmi.
25. Palmer, R. (1377 [1988 A.D]) Elm-e Hermeneutik (Persian Translation of
Hermeneutic: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and
Gadamer), Translated by Mohammad Saiid Hânâi-ye Kâšâni, Tehran: Hermes.
26. Polak, A. (1368 [1989 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Polack: Iran va Iranian (Persian
Translation of Persein das land und sein Bewohner), Translated by Kaykâvoos
Jahândâri, Tehran: Xârazmi.
27. Ray, W. (2001) The Logic of Culture, Oxford: Blackwell.
28. Rubel, G. & Rosman, A. (2003) Translating Cultures: Perspectives on Translating
Cultures, New York: Berg.
29. Sackville West, V. (1383 [2004 A.D]) Mosâfer-e Tehran (Persian Translation of
Passenger to Tehran), Translated by Mehrân Tavakoli, Tehran: Našr-e Nay.
30. Said, E. (1995) Orientalism, New Delhi: Penguin Book.
31. Stark, F. (1364 [1985 A.D]) Safarnâmeh-ye Alamot, Lorestân va Ilâm (Persian
Translation of The Valleys of the Assassins and other Persian Travels), Translated by
Ali Mohammad Sâki, Tehran: Entešârât-e Elmi.
32. Stiver, D. (1987) The Philosophy of Religious Language, Oxford: Blackwell.
33. Tavernier, J. (-) Safarnâmeh-ye Tavernier (Persian Translation of Tavernier`s
Itinerary), Translated by Abotorâb Nori, Isfahan: Sanâi.
34. Vâezi, J. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Darâmadi bar Hermeneutics (Persian Translation of
Introduction to Hermeneutics), Tehran: Pažohešgâh-e Farhang va Andišeh-ye Islami.
35. Willis, C. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Târix-e Ejtemâi-ye Iran dar Ahd-e Qajar (Persian
Translation of Persia as It Is: Being Sketches of Modern Persian Life and Character),
Translated by Sayyed Abdolâh, Tehran: Našr-e Tolo.
36. Wishard, J. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Bist Sâl dar Iran (Persian Translation of Twenty
Years in Persia), Translated by Ali Pirniyâ, Tehran: Novin.
Translation of Persia as It Is: Being Sketches of Modern Persian Life and Character),
Translated by Sayyed Abdolâh, Tehran: Našr-e Tolo.
36. Wishard, J. (1363 [1984 A.D]) Bist Sâl dar Iran (Persian Translation of Twenty
Years in Persia), Translated by Ali Pirniyâ, Tehran: Novin.
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