Journal of Iranian Cultural Research

Journal of Iranian Cultural Research

Modes of theoretical engagement in sociological research; A systematic review to identify challenges

Document Type : Scientific Research Manuscript

Author
Abdollah Valinejad
PhD in Sociology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
10.22035/jicr.2026.3486.3721
Abstract
The present study focuses on how sociology students employ theory in their research and aims to identify the challenges associated with this process. Relying on a systematic review of 176 studies in the field of sociology conducted between 2012 and 2021, the research found that the challenges can be categorized into four main areas: (1) Disruption in analytical correspondence (errors in theory selection); (2) Weakness in understanding, interpreting, and applying theoretical concepts (inability to process theory); (3) Disruption in analytical distancing from theory (a deep belief in the absolute truth of theory); and (4) Imposition of theoretical presuppositions onto reality (an emotional inclination toward the validity of theory). The findings indicate that these problems primarily stem from the dominant educational and cultural structures governing knowledge production in the country, although a minor portion can be attributed to individual skills. Therefore, overcoming the current situation requires transformation at three strategic levels: (1) reform in the discourse of theorization; (2) institutional reorganization of the higher education system; and (3) strengthening students’ theoretical training. Achieving these goals is possible only through enhancing collective will within universities, rethinking established academic traditions, and fostering a spirit of critical dialogue. Otherwise, the use of theory among some academic circles will remain superficial, formalistic, and unproductive.
Keywords
knowledge production
theory
theoretical framework
thesis
dissertation
higher education system

Subjects

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  • Receive Date 08 April 2025
  • Revise Date 23 June 2025
  • Accept Date 09 July 2025