Author
The Assistant Professor of Sociology, Tarbiat Modarres University
Abstract
As a fascinating issue for the scholars in Religion Studies, religious experience has a long-lasting theological and social background in Christianity and Occidental history which has caused to the present increasing attention to the matter. However, as other concepts ad categories, its development in Iran has experienced a distorted process of just Academic and theoretical debates and not to experience it practically. Avoiding evaluating the term from Islamic theological point of view, while introducing some of its theological or historical and social backgrounds in the west, I attempt to make theologists and philosophers of religion, in addition to the religious psychologists and sociologists pay more attention to the necessity of caution and focus on the nature and status of religious Experience in Religion Studies, and its relation with religiosity.
Keywords
Allport, G. & Ross, J. (1967) “Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice”, in
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.5 (-): 432443-.
Argyle, M. (2000) Psychology and Religion: An Introduction, London & New York:
Routledge.
Barbor, I. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Elm va Din (Persian Translation of Science and Religion),
Translated by Bahâodin Xoramšâhi, Tehran: Našr-e Dânešgâhi.
Beit-hallahmi, B. & Argyle, M. (1997) The Psychology of Religious Behavior, Belief
and Experience, London & New York: Routledge.
Berger, P. (1980) The Heretical Imperative: Contemporary Possibilities of Religion
Affirmation, London: Collins.
Cornwall, M. et al. (1986) “The dimensions of Religiosity: A Conceptual Model with an
Empirical Test”, in Journal of Review of Religious Research, Vol. 27 (3): 244-266.
Davis, C. (1989) The Evidential Force of Religious Experience, Oxford: New York.
Dijong, G. & Warland, R. (1976) “Dimensions of Religiosity Reconsidered: Evidence
from Across-Cultural Study”, in Social Forces, Vol. 54(4): 866889-.
Eliade, M. (1372 [1993 A.D]) Resâle-h dar Târix-e Adyân (Persian Translation of Traite
d, historie des Religions), Translated by Jalâl Satâri, Tehran: Soroš.
Freund, J. (1362 [1983 A.D]) Jâmeešenâsi-ye Max Weber (Persian Translation of The
Sociology of Max Weber), Translated by Abdolhossein Nik Gohar, Tehran: Nikân.
Glock, C. & Rodney, S. (1965) Religion and Society in Tension, Chicago: Rand
macnally & Company.
______ (1966) Christian Beliefs and Anti-Semitism, New York: Harper & Row.
Greely, A. (1975) The Sociology of the Paranormal, London: Sage.
Hill, P. & Ralph, W. (eds.) (1999) Measure of Religiosity, Birmingham, Alabama:
Religious Education Press.
Himmelfarb, H. (1975) “Measuring Religious Involvement”, in Social Forces Vol.
53(4): 606618-.
Hood, R. (1970) “Religious Orientation and the Report of Religious Experience”, in
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol.9 (-): 285291-.
James, W. (1982) The Varieties of Religious Experience, U.S.A: Penguin Book.
King, M. & Richard, H. (1972) “Measuring the Religious Variable: Replication”, in
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.5 (-): 432443-.
Argyle, M. (2000) Psychology and Religion: An Introduction, London & New York:
Routledge.
Barbor, I. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Elm va Din (Persian Translation of Science and Religion),
Translated by Bahâodin Xoramšâhi, Tehran: Našr-e Dânešgâhi.
Beit-hallahmi, B. & Argyle, M. (1997) The Psychology of Religious Behavior, Belief
and Experience, London & New York: Routledge.
Berger, P. (1980) The Heretical Imperative: Contemporary Possibilities of Religion
Affirmation, London: Collins.
Cornwall, M. et al. (1986) “The dimensions of Religiosity: A Conceptual Model with an
Empirical Test”, in Journal of Review of Religious Research, Vol. 27 (3): 244-266.
Davis, C. (1989) The Evidential Force of Religious Experience, Oxford: New York.
Dijong, G. & Warland, R. (1976) “Dimensions of Religiosity Reconsidered: Evidence
from Across-Cultural Study”, in Social Forces, Vol. 54(4): 866889-.
Eliade, M. (1372 [1993 A.D]) Resâle-h dar Târix-e Adyân (Persian Translation of Traite
d, historie des Religions), Translated by Jalâl Satâri, Tehran: Soroš.
Freund, J. (1362 [1983 A.D]) Jâmeešenâsi-ye Max Weber (Persian Translation of The
Sociology of Max Weber), Translated by Abdolhossein Nik Gohar, Tehran: Nikân.
Glock, C. & Rodney, S. (1965) Religion and Society in Tension, Chicago: Rand
macnally & Company.
______ (1966) Christian Beliefs and Anti-Semitism, New York: Harper & Row.
Greely, A. (1975) The Sociology of the Paranormal, London: Sage.
Hill, P. & Ralph, W. (eds.) (1999) Measure of Religiosity, Birmingham, Alabama:
Religious Education Press.
Himmelfarb, H. (1975) “Measuring Religious Involvement”, in Social Forces Vol.
53(4): 606618-.
Hood, R. (1970) “Religious Orientation and the Report of Religious Experience”, in
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol.9 (-): 285291-.
James, W. (1982) The Varieties of Religious Experience, U.S.A: Penguin Book.
King, M. & Richard, H. (1972) “Measuring the Religious Variable: Replication”, in
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol.11 (-): 240251-.
Maslow, A. (1970) Motivation and Personality, New York: Carper & Row.
Otto, R. (1958) The Idea of the Holly, London: Oxford University Press.
Pals, D. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Haft Nazariye-h dar Bâb-e Din (Persian Translation of
Seven Theories on Religion), Translated by Mohammad Aziz Baxtiyâri, Qom:
Moasese-h Amozeši va Pažoheši-ye Imam Khomayni.
Proudfoot, W. (1377 [1998A.D]) Tajrobe-h Dini (Persian Translation of Religious
Experience), Taranslated by Abbâs Yazdâni, Qom: Tâhâ.
Schachter, S. (1964) “The Interaction of Cognitive and Physiological Determinations
of Emotional State”, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.1 (-):
4980-.
Siravâni, A. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Mabâni-ye Nazari-ye Tajrobe-h Dini: Motâle-h Tatbiqi
va Enteqâdi-ye Ârâ-ye Ebn-e Arabi va Rodolf Oto (Persian Translation of The
Theoretical Basis of Religious Experience: The Critical and Comparative Study of
Ebn-e Arabi and Rodolf Oto), Qom: Bostân-e Ketâb.
Šojâi Zand, A. (1384 [2005 A.D]) “Modeli Barâ-ye Sanješ-e Dindâri dar Iran”
(Persian Translation of a Model for Measurement of Religiosity in Iran), Majale-h
Jâmeešenâsi-ye Iran, Vol.6 (1): 34-66.
Soroš, A. (1385 [2006A.D]) “Islam-e Hoviyat tâ Siyâsat-e Orfi” (Persian Translation
of [from] Islam of Identity to the Western Politics), in Roznâme-h Šarq, No. 835.
Stark, R. & Charles, G. (1970) American Piety: The Nature of Religious Commitment,
California: University of California Press.
Sykes, S. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Friedrish Scheiermacher (Persian Translation of Friedrish
Scheiermacher), Translation by Manočehr Sânei-ye Dare-h bidi, Tehran: Garos.
Vakh, U. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Jâmeešenâsi-ye Din (Persian Translation of The Sociology
of Religion), Translated by Jamšid Azâdegân, Tehran: Samt.
Weber, M. (1371 [1992 A.D]) Axlâq-e Protestân va Roh-e Sarmâye-h Dâri (Persian
Translation of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism), Translated by
Abolmabod Ansâri, Tehran: Samt.
Wilber, K. (1983) Sociable God: A Brief Introduction to a Transcendental Sociology,
New York: New Press.
Yamane, D. (2000) “Narrative and Religious Experience”, in Sociology of Religion,
Vol. 61(2): 89-171.
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1Hill, P. & Ralph, W. (eds.) (1999). ) Measure of Religiosity, Birmingham, Alabama: Religious Education Press.. Hood, R. “Religious Orientation and the Report of Religious Experience”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 9, 285-291
James, W. (1982). The Varieties of Religious Experience, U.S.A: Penguin Book.. 1King, M. & Richard, H. (1972). “Measuring the Religious Variable: Replication”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 11, 240-251 Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and Personality, New York: Carper & Row.. Otto, R. (1958). The Idea of the Holly, London: Oxford University Press.. Schachter, S. “The Interaction of Cognitive and Physiological Determinations of Emotional State”,. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1, 49-80 Stark, R. & Charles, G. (1970). American Piety: The Nature of Religious Commitment, California: University of California Press.. Wilber, K. (1983). Sociable God: A Brief Introduction to a Transcendental Sociology, New York: New Press.. Yamane, D. “Narrative and Religious Experience”. Sociology of Religion. 61 (2), 89-171
Maslow, A. (1970) Motivation and Personality, New York: Carper & Row.
Otto, R. (1958) The Idea of the Holly, London: Oxford University Press.
Pals, D. (1382 [2003 A.D]) Haft Nazariye-h dar Bâb-e Din (Persian Translation of
Seven Theories on Religion), Translated by Mohammad Aziz Baxtiyâri, Qom:
Moasese-h Amozeši va Pažoheši-ye Imam Khomayni.
Proudfoot, W. (1377 [1998A.D]) Tajrobe-h Dini (Persian Translation of Religious
Experience), Taranslated by Abbâs Yazdâni, Qom: Tâhâ.
Schachter, S. (1964) “The Interaction of Cognitive and Physiological Determinations
of Emotional State”, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.1 (-):
4980-.
Siravâni, A. (1381 [2002 A.D]) Mabâni-ye Nazari-ye Tajrobe-h Dini: Motâle-h Tatbiqi
va Enteqâdi-ye Ârâ-ye Ebn-e Arabi va Rodolf Oto (Persian Translation of The
Theoretical Basis of Religious Experience: The Critical and Comparative Study of
Ebn-e Arabi and Rodolf Oto), Qom: Bostân-e Ketâb.
Šojâi Zand, A. (1384 [2005 A.D]) “Modeli Barâ-ye Sanješ-e Dindâri dar Iran”
(Persian Translation of a Model for Measurement of Religiosity in Iran), Majale-h
Jâmeešenâsi-ye Iran, Vol.6 (1): 34-66.
Soroš, A. (1385 [2006A.D]) “Islam-e Hoviyat tâ Siyâsat-e Orfi” (Persian Translation
of [from] Islam of Identity to the Western Politics), in Roznâme-h Šarq, No. 835.
Stark, R. & Charles, G. (1970) American Piety: The Nature of Religious Commitment,
California: University of California Press.
Sykes, S. (1374 [1995 A.D]) Friedrish Scheiermacher (Persian Translation of Friedrish
Scheiermacher), Translation by Manočehr Sânei-ye Dare-h bidi, Tehran: Garos.
Vakh, U. (1380 [2001 A.D]) Jâmeešenâsi-ye Din (Persian Translation of The Sociology
of Religion), Translated by Jamšid Azâdegân, Tehran: Samt.
Weber, M. (1371 [1992 A.D]) Axlâq-e Protestân va Roh-e Sarmâye-h Dâri (Persian
Translation of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism), Translated by
Abolmabod Ansâri, Tehran: Samt.
Wilber, K. (1983) Sociable God: A Brief Introduction to a Transcendental Sociology,
New York: New Press.
Yamane, D. (2000) “Narrative and Religious Experience”, in Sociology of Religion,
Vol. 61(2): 89-171.
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