Hasammoddin Ashna; Mohammad Reza Roohani
Abstract
Identity is one of the most complicated concepts in humanities and social sciences. It is a multi-aspected phenomenon which expresses different meanings from different viewpoints. Generally we can say that Identity is a result of dialect between conceptual system and socio-cultural structures. In this ...
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Identity is one of the most complicated concepts in humanities and social sciences. It is a multi-aspected phenomenon which expresses different meanings from different viewpoints. Generally we can say that Identity is a result of dialect between conceptual system and socio-cultural structures. In this approach, Identity is addressed in relation with ; and so, emphasis on “self” and “others” unit of analysis. But when we focus on “cultural identity”, the relationship between identity and complicated concepts, e.g. culture and nationality, will turn into a mess which then, identity concept can be interpreted by different theoretical approaches. This meaning specially is important in Iran, because Iranian, Islamic and western identity sources affected Iranian people identity in different ages and finally born into contemporary Iranian cultural identity. We can name two different identity approaches here: descriptive approach which describe now and then, and prescriptive or policy approach which regards identity policies. In prescriptive approach, identity elements are general and abstract concepts, because identity change is regarded as an incremental movement .in regard with this basis in identity policy, we can analyze main Iranian cultural identity elements in five domains: religion, language, cultural geography, history and cultural memory, and social system.
Hasan Bashir; Mohammad Reza Rohani
Abstract
Increasing presence of Islam all over the world is an undeniable truth, and not only Muslims, but also other people endorse this truth. In the USA, like other countries, a Muslim minority has appeared which is in interaction, or even in confrontation, with the hegemonic majority. Among the intercultural ...
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Increasing presence of Islam all over the world is an undeniable truth, and not only Muslims, but also other people endorse this truth. In the USA, like other countries, a Muslim minority has appeared which is in interaction, or even in confrontation, with the hegemonic majority. Among the intercultural communication’s theorists, Mark Orbe and Regina Spellers study this interaction or confrontation in their theory of co-culture. Thus, applying phenomenology and theory of “the silent group” and theory of “point of view”, one can study Muslim agents’ behavior as a co-cultural group confronting the hegemonic group which is hierarchically in the high level of identity. In such a condition, American Muslims have applied a special communication strategy, both in relation with each other and with the dominant structure. This may occurred either as complete conformity with the dominant condition, or as insulation, or as cambium interaction; all depending on the historical experiments and deep interactions.
