Intercultural Communications
El. Shirdel; Sh. Zarbi Ghalehhammami
Abstract
The study emphasizes the exacerbated areas of conflict and distance between religions and sects in Iran’s southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Within the framework of a qualitative study and based on the grounded theory, interviews were conducted with 25 residents of the province over ...
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The study emphasizes the exacerbated areas of conflict and distance between religions and sects in Iran’s southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Within the framework of a qualitative study and based on the grounded theory, interviews were conducted with 25 residents of the province over a six-month period. Following the principle of theoretical sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The findings were coded and analyzed through the Strauss and Corbin method. In open coding, the interviews were read multiple times, resulting in the extraction of approximately 95 meaningful concepts. These were then synthesized into 7 main and abstract categories as well as 16 subcategories. Finally, a core category "conflicting forces and disintegration of interactions between religions and sects," which is comprehensive and concise, was extracted capturing all the main categories and narrative of the data. This research demonstrates that factors such as discrimination, non-acceptance of others, lack of wisdom among some religious scholars, and the absence of free discourse in a socio-cultural context shaped by economic problems and influenced by geographical factors as well as the intervention of factors such as extreme ethnic and religious prejudices, led to the formation of an extremist and biased network with internal and external interests, which work towards preventing interaction between religions and sects. The outcome of this process is humiliating and insulting actions of people, as well as a change in their perception of religion.
Cultural Studies
M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
Structures at the macro level and researchers’ habits hinder the effectiveness of research in Iran. But this is not the end of the story since researchers struggle with these structural and contextual limitations leading to the establishment of a diverse research cultures. This article takes into ...
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Structures at the macro level and researchers’ habits hinder the effectiveness of research in Iran. But this is not the end of the story since researchers struggle with these structural and contextual limitations leading to the establishment of a diverse research cultures. This article takes into account a specific and contextual theory with the aim of understanding the twisted pieces of humanities research in Iran. As such, the author has referred to the shared experience of 32 faculty members from various disciplines in order to achieve a relatively deeper understanding of the subject and explain it systematically as a grounded theory. More than 600 key propositions have been analyzed with the "CCDA" (Constant Comparative Data Analysis) model that with the help of the researcher's technical notes could lead to a model to explain the matter. Based on this model, we are facing with a dual border situation in researches. Varied research cultures have been explored by taking into account 12 categories of causal conditions, 11 contextual conditions and 12 genealogical groups of strategies that researchers undertake in such situations. The outcome of this process has been identified and categorized. Accordingly, it was found that the knowledge absorption and productivity is problematic in Iran. Instead of effective knowledge, we are faced with states of wandering knowledge, suspended knowledge, prestige knowledge and artificial knowledge. Still, the arena is not empty of all kinds of innovations in diverse research cultures of Iranian researchers.
F. Asghari
Abstract
Like any other community, the university has its own cultural set up. But unfortunately, the culture, which is currently dominating the Iranian higher education institutions, does not meet the expectations of a scientific community. The present study, based on views and experiences of academics as well ...
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Like any other community, the university has its own cultural set up. But unfortunately, the culture, which is currently dominating the Iranian higher education institutions, does not meet the expectations of a scientific community. The present study, based on views and experiences of academics as well as using an interpretive approach, tries to answer the main research question as why and how such a disorder prevails in academic culture. In this qualitative study, the Grounded Theory has been applied as research methods. The selection of participants, including faculty members from higher education institutions, was based on theoretical sampling. It continued until achieving a saturation point. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, including 17 individual and 4 group interviews. Data were categorized via three-stage coding (open, axial and selective) and classified into 1900 codes, 458 concepts, 101 subcategories and 32 main categories. Further, the data analysis was carried out based on the concept of context, analytical tool paradigm (conditions, action-interaction and consequences) and conditional-consequential analytical strategy matrix. Based on the acquired results "non-adherence to academic norms" was selected as a central phenomenon, and the final model was based on causal conditions and contextual factors at micro and macro levels, academic interaction including resistance, silence and abuse as well as the consequences including individual, organizational and national ones. The final outcome indicates the strengthening and reproduction of the central phenomenon in case of lack of university actions to help improve the situation.
Sociology
A. Feizolahi; K. Kamarbeigi
Abstract
Apathy is a passive activity in which individuals avoid active engagement and altruism while lacking interest in or concern about social problems. This paper aims to analyze social apathy in Ilam province and find its causes and consequences. The study was conducted by a qualitative method according ...
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Apathy is a passive activity in which individuals avoid active engagement and altruism while lacking interest in or concern about social problems. This paper aims to analyze social apathy in Ilam province and find its causes and consequences. The study was conducted by a qualitative method according to the grounded theory approach and using purposive sampling strategies (theoretical sampling). The required data were collected through interviews with 28 participants. Data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin coding paradigm in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. As the results showed, ignorance of citizens’ role, political structure, rising expectations, selfish individualism, the decline in collective loyalty, social trade-offs, socioeconomic inequalities, and the accumulation of poverty and misery were the causal factors. Besides, the contextual factors included social loafing, non-assertiveness, economization of culture, legal gap, failure of the training system, the chaos of tradition, nepotism, low-performance civil organizations, and isolationism. Finally, government inefficiency, collective hysteria, and media malfunction were intervening factors. As the findings of the study show, ‘social disorganization’ was the main core of the research, which results from causal, contextual, and intervening factors.
Cultural Studies
P. Javadzadeh; M. Kowsari; M. Ameri Shahrabi; A. Abtahi
Abstract
Among the three main domains of production, distribution and consumption, Iranian national music has specifically received little attention from contemporary researchers. Music has a special place in the Iranian culture since it is shaped by historical and biocultural experiences of this society. But ...
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Among the three main domains of production, distribution and consumption, Iranian national music has specifically received little attention from contemporary researchers. Music has a special place in the Iranian culture since it is shaped by historical and biocultural experiences of this society. But in recent years, Iranian national music has not only lost its social influence but the audience and its social functions as well. Usually, music is distributed in Iran through its producers after obtaining official licenses and reviewing the content of a musical piece. Since Iranian national music is different in contents and requirements compared to other countries, using Western theories to understand its distribution mechanism in Iran may not be very helpful. Also, no research has been done so far to understand the socio-cultural aspects of the distribution mechanism of Iranian national music. This research seeks to establish a comprehensive understanding of this field with a heuristic approach as well as by using the systematic grounded theory. Data were collected via an in-depth interview technique, coded and categorized with three open and axial as well as selective instructions. 23 concepts and 8 categories were extracted from the data. Finally, using the paradigm model, the grounded theory is presented in the form of a story and visual model.
Sociology
N. Jaberian; A. Rabiei; H. Mohaddesi; M.J. Zahedi Mazandarani
Abstract
The current study is an attempt to analyze the attitudinal developments that have occurred in the social transactions of the members of the so-called Psymentology spiritual group. The study is a descriptive one and has been conducted according to the principles of the Grounded Theory on fourteen current ...
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The current study is an attempt to analyze the attitudinal developments that have occurred in the social transactions of the members of the so-called Psymentology spiritual group. The study is a descriptive one and has been conducted according to the principles of the Grounded Theory on fourteen current (active and non-active) and former members of the group. Results of analyses showed the changes occurred to the members of the two groups are not similar and are sometimes contradictory. In other words, the ideology that member have gotten through participation in the group and their spiritual experiences are not similar for the two groups; in other words, the current members evaluate such ideology as positive, while the former members have contrasting views. Cognitive and attitudinal changes among the members have been classified into four groups, each one with specific consequences. Identifying the hidden aspects of oneself, perceiving oneness in the universe and being united with it, believing in the consciousness of the existence and handing over all issues to it, and believing in the existence of non-organic beings.
Higher Education
A. Vedadhir; A. Sedighian Bidgoli; Gh. Jafari
Abstract
Accepted doctoral students in the social sciences in Iran have doubled since 86-87Ta94-95T. This increase, apart from road infrastructure in the humanities and social sciences research. Lack of job opportunities, particularly in the field of professional and social sciences in Iran, the importance ...
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Accepted doctoral students in the social sciences in Iran have doubled since 86-87Ta94-95T. This increase, apart from road infrastructure in the humanities and social sciences research. Lack of job opportunities, particularly in the field of professional and social sciences in Iran, the importance of assessing the status of the actors involved in the field of social sciences has doubled. The study examines how a professional identity among doctoral students in the social sciences has been discussed. The research method used was based on grounded theory. The basic subject of study called the phenomenon of professional identity has been uneven.The study examines how a professional identity among doctoral students in the social sciences has been discussed. The research method used was based on grounded theory. The true measure of its regular professional knowledge, job definition in line with the social sciences and the mental representation and reproduction of knowledge is not consistent with the approach favored relationship.
Social Sciences and Communications
H. Khaniki; S. Yahyayi
Abstract
This paper by introducing a new concept of "exteriorism" in media audience studies, intends to study the "exteriorists" who has been consciously boycott Iranian state TV. According to the authors, the experience of exteriorism is unique and different in any Countries and societies. This qualitative ...
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This paper by introducing a new concept of "exteriorism" in media audience studies, intends to study the "exteriorists" who has been consciously boycott Iranian state TV. According to the authors, the experience of exteriorism is unique and different in any Countries and societies. This qualitative study was conducted by using of In-depth interviews and within the methodological frameworks have studied the grounded theory. Data was collected through 29 semi-structured In-depth interviews. Upon completion of coding and categorizing interviews data in this methodology, presents a theoretical model about exteriorists of Iranian state television. This study aimed to identify perceptions within the meaning of exteriorists as a preface to pull them out, by considering 118 concepts through individual in-depth interviews that formed a theoretical analyzing. Based on results, three main typology of exteriorists experiences as follows; "Resistance and protestation", "Avoid of vulgarity" & "unhappiness of entertainment". Innovation in this paper is achieving recognition of the audience by negation logic & The authors believes that media policy making needed to same deep recognition like this.
Mehri TayebiNia; Jabbar Rahmani
Abstract
Concurrent with modern transformations and modernity experiences, we are faced with various transitions in different aspects of life. Transitions that women with different gender roles experience within the society, which in turn leads to changes in their mental meanings and social roles. Changes in ...
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Concurrent with modern transformations and modernity experiences, we are faced with various transitions in different aspects of life. Transitions that women with different gender roles experience within the society, which in turn leads to changes in their mental meanings and social roles. Changes in women’s motivations and desires which leads them to reflect on their identity and social and individual transitions in order to achieve their goals and look for new directions in line with their identity ideals. This article examines the function and motivational experience of women from their own perspective and individual mentality logic based on a grounded theory. Through conducting interviews with women who concurrently play the role of mother, wife, employee and student, the study presents an identity typology of women with an emphasis on their motivational processes for entering higher education. The results show that factors like experiencing modernity and changes in valuation systems surrounding women, women’s entrance into labor market, expansion of educational platforms and symbolic social capitals together with social and individual motivations in women’s everyday life has led to a new kind of motivation within them and through such process and in order to reduce tensions coming from their lack of achievements, women have chosen the employment and study strategy in order to reach their goals and in this study the emphasis is on the study strategy. The current analysis has reached four abstract categories in terms of the emerging motivations of women under study. It includes: 1. choosing study as a tool to compete and combat, 2. study as an ambiguous plan, 3. study and employment as self-achievements and 4. study and employment as a path toward improvement and financial independence.
Arash Hassan pour; Soraya Memar
Abstract
Religiosity has been pluralized and diversified at present era. This study, accepted this presupposition that religiosity as a varied, diverse and instable issue is out of duality of being religiousness or not. By accepting this presupposition we study and interpret one type of religiosity among youth ...
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Religiosity has been pluralized and diversified at present era. This study, accepted this presupposition that religiosity as a varied, diverse and instable issue is out of duality of being religiousness or not. By accepting this presupposition we study and interpret one type of religiosity among youth in Isfahan. To achieve the given purpose, by review the previous studies, in interpretive approach, qualitative method framework, Grounded Theory tradition, interview and Simmel theory about religiosity, data is collected. Based on the findings of the study, and with criteria of “self-recognition” we discovered and identified Self referential religiosity. Also, the results of the qualitative data reveal that religiosity of Youth change to: individual, non-compulsory, private, dispositional, and selective, based on self- Intellection, non-accepting heteronomy of religious institution and tend to contingency, hedonistic Phenomena. Finally In this study we also tried to offer, describe and illustrate paradigmatic model of qualitative data in frame of casual, contextual, consequential circumstances about advent and influence this type of religiosity.
Masoud Kowsari; Mohammad Mehdi Mowlaei
Abstract
Different genres of underground music are important issues in Iranian youth culture. The purpose of this research was to study masculinity in Iranian- Persian rap music. Therefore, Persian rap music as a part of Iranian popular culture, between 2001 and 2011 was analyzed. We used qualitative research ...
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Different genres of underground music are important issues in Iranian youth culture. The purpose of this research was to study masculinity in Iranian- Persian rap music. Therefore, Persian rap music as a part of Iranian popular culture, between 2001 and 2011 was analyzed. We used qualitative research approach. The main method used in this study, was "Constructive Grounded Theory ". So instead of using existing theories as a theoretical framework, the researcher sought to generate local theory from research field. Thus, using theoretical sampling, data compiled from various sources. The multiple data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, online observation, collecting documents and texts were used. Then all the data was coded with using open, axial and selective coding methods. Finally, 62 concepts and 16 categories derived from data and "plural form of masculinity in Iranian-Persian rap music" was defined as the core category. Then according to paradigmatic model, "Substantive Theory" emerged from the data, was presented as "story" and "visual model". Finally seven questions of Strauss and Corbin about the experience in research has been assessed to evaluating research.
Hamid Heydari; Ahmad Rezaei
Abstract
By studying of present situation of universities in Iran, through research regarding students' lives, this article seeks to consider the features of students' professional identity. The professional identity is a social one, made, in relation with other individuals, through practical learning and instruction ...
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By studying of present situation of universities in Iran, through research regarding students' lives, this article seeks to consider the features of students' professional identity. The professional identity is a social one, made, in relation with other individuals, through practical learning and instruction and professional experiments. For the students, the formally start of a social involvement, coincides with the start of their studies, and the formation of their professional identities will be intensified and reinforced through practical instructions concerning their fields. The method used in this study is qualitative research in the way of grounded theory method. To create the sample, the theoretical method is used and continued to reach saturation stage. The findings, hence, are collected applying the prevalence interview technique for 19 students and group interview for 15 students of University ofMazandaran. The research findings suggest that, the professional identities of the students have two features of scientific and personal identities. The students' scientific identity is formed by the students' tendencies and attitudes, and also their scientific actions and efforts. The personal identity is a perception that student builds up of himself as a scientific actor present at university environment. The development of a professional identity, in addition, is associated with the position of the individual within the community. Hence, the gender, socio-economic status, supports by family and friends, individual's social environment and networks influence on the formation of his professional identity.
Mohammad Taghi Iman; Nasibeh Zanjari; Ebrahim Eskandari poor
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explain the subjective meaning system of consumers of the popular music. Participants in this study include 21 students (male and female) living in dormitories of Shiraz University. Researches use qualitative approach of grounded theory. Technique of data collection ...
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The purpose of this qualitative study is to explain the subjective meaning system of consumers of the popular music. Participants in this study include 21 students (male and female) living in dormitories of Shiraz University. Researches use qualitative approach of grounded theory. Technique of data collection has been in-depth interviews. Data have been analyzed with qualitative software called NVIVO. Analyze the data and paradigmatic model shows that the grounded condition for participants, including “spatial texture” of accommodation based on a subset of locality plus time coordination, participant’s age necessitation, collective identity. Meanwhile, global market trends and fashionism influence as interfering conditions. Participants placed in these conditions, take developed and alternative musical factor and increased mental absenteeism quotient. As a result of taking this strategy, the consequences of idio-sensuation (image of the other) [alter image]self-reincarnation and psychology projection will be introduced. Idio-sensuation naturally implies that the participant initiate music consumption in such a manner as to bring in their own personal mental images as contrasted with other’s which in itself possess multifarious dimensions having been in a state of fluctuation in between two diverse pole of psychological projection and self-reincarnation.
