The Relationship Between Death and Religion in Cultural Scripts on Death and Dying Among the Sample of Tehran Residents

Mazinani Shariati, Sare; TaslimiTehrani, Reza

doi:10.22035/ijcr.2016.322

Document Type : Scientific Research Manuscript

Authors

¹ Associate Professor of Tehran University

² PhD in Cultural Sociology. The University of Tehran.

https://doi.org/10.22035/ijcr.2016.322

Abstract

This article aims at understanding ordinary Tehran residents’ attitudes towards Death and Dying and recognizes the relationship between Death and Religion in their thoughts. Using Grounded Theory as method and semi structured interview as a technique, we reached to nine different Cultural scripts of death and dying among interviewees, including: fatalistic death, resurrection-oriented death, martyrdom-oriented death, mystical death, secular death, aesthetic/nihilistic death, agnostic death, and ambiguity-oriented death. Furthermore, we recognized religious and non-religious cultural scripts besides the rationalization and individualization of religion among them. According to our findings, there is no accordance between some interviewees’ thoughts and beliefs with their behavior and lifestyle so that one cannot guess people’s attitudes towards death and dying from their behavior or their appearance. In other words, we face no structural Homology between their ideas and their lifestyle. Moreover, most interviewees had mixed ideas and beliefs about death and dying, and it can indicate the social and cultural complexity of Tehran society.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Culture and Cities

References

Ariès, P. (1974). Western Attitudes Toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present, (P. M. Ranum, trans.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

‎Aries, Ph. (1392 [2013 A.D]). Tārix-e marg. (Persian translation of Western attitudes toward death: from the Middle Ages to the present). Translated by: 'Abd Alāhi, M. J. Tehrān: 'Elm.

Baudrillard, J. (1993). Symbolic Exchange and Death. London: SAGE.

Bauman, Z. (1992) Mortality, Immortality and Other Life Strategies. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Becker, E. (1973). The Denial of Death. New York: Free Press.

Berger, P. L., Luckmann, T. (1395 [2016 A.D]). Sāxt-e ejtemāi-e vāqe'iat: Resāleh-i dar jame'eh šenāsi-e šenāxt. (Persian translation of the social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge). Translated by: Majidi, F., (3^rd ed.). Tehrān: Entešārāt-e 'elmi va farhangi.

‎Dortier, J. F. (1381 [2002 A.D]). Pir Burdiu (Pierre Bourdieu). translated by: Katbi, M. Nāmeh-ye Ensān Šenāsi, 1(1), 225-234.

Durkheim, E. (1965). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: Free Press. (Original work published 1912).

Durkim, E. (1383). Suvar-e bonyāni-e hayāt-e dini, (Persian translation of Les formeselemen taires de la vie religreuse: Le systeme totemique en Australia). Translated by: Parhām, B., Tehrān: Markaz.

Elias, N. (1384 [2005 A.D]). Tanhāyi-e dam-e marg. (Persian translation of ‎‎ uber die einsamkeit der sterbendenin unseren tagen). Translated by: Mehregān, O., & Najafi, S. Tehrān: Gām-e Nu.

Elias, N. (1985). The Loneliness of the Dying. Oxford: Blackwell.

Elias, N. (2000). The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations, (E. Jephcott, trans.). Oxford: Blackwell.

E'temādi Far, S. M. (1390 [2011 A.D]). Tahavolāt-e nasli-e dindāri dar Irān. (Pāyān nāmeh-ye Doktori). Dānešgāh-e Tehrān, Dāneškadeh-ye 'Olum-e Ejtemā'i.

Faraji. M., & Kāzemi, 'A. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Barresi-e vaz'iyat-e dindāri dar Irān (bā ta'kid bar dādeh hā-ye peymāyeši-e seh dahe-ye gozašteh). Tahqiqāt-e Farhangi-e Irān, 2(2), 79-95.

Flick, U. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Darāmadi bar tahiq-e keyfi. (Persian translation of ‎‎An introduction to qualitative, research). Translated by: Jalili, H. Tehrān: Ney.

‎Foucault, M. (1390 [2011 A.D]). Bāyad az jāme'eh defā' kard. (Persian translation of Society must be defended : lectures at the Collège de France). translated by: Najaf Zādeh, R. Tehrān: Roxdād-e Nu.

Foucault, M. (1990). The History of Sexuality (1st Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books.

‎Hamilton, M. (1392 [2013 A.D]). Jāme'eh šenāsi-e din. (Persian translation of ‎‎ The Sociology of religion). Translated by: Solāsi, M. Tehrān: Sāles.

Hasan Pur, Ā., & Me'mār, S. (1394 [2015 A.D]). Motāle'eh-ye vaz'iyat-e din varzi-e javānān bā ta'kid bar dindāri-e xudmarja' (erā'eh-ye yek nazarieh-ye zamineh-i). Tahqiqāt-e Farhangi-e Irān, 8(31), 99-131.

Jalāyi Pur, M. R. (1392 [2013 A.D]). Din va nazarieh-ye ejtemā'i. Tehrān: Kavir.

Jalili, H. (1385 [2006 A.D]). Ta'amolāti jāme'eh šenāsāneh darbāreh-ye sekulār šodan. Tehrān: Tarh-e Nu.

Karimi, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]). Barresi-e jāme'eh šenāsāneh-ye tajrobeh-ye marg dar miān-e bimārān-e saratāni. (Pāyān nāmeh-ye kāršenāsi-e aršad). Dānešgāh-e Tarbiat Modares.

Kellehear, A. (1984). Are We a “death-denying” society? A Sociological Review, Social Science & Medicine 18(9). 21-713.

Kellehear, A. (2007). A Social History of Dying. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Mohamad Pur, A. (1390 [2011 A.D]). Raveš-e tahqiq-e keyfi, zed-e raveš-e 1. Tehrān: Jāme'eh šenāsān.

Nejāti Hoseyni, S. M. (1394 [2015 A.D]). Marg-e xud va mordan-e digari: ravāyat-e du farhang-e 'orfi/ 'aqidati- ma'navi (kāvoši dar nazarieh-ye ejtemā'i, Nahj Al-balāgheh, Masnavi Ma'navi). Tahqiqāt-e farhangi-e Irān, 8(29), 97-129.

Rāstgu Si Saxt, R. (1388 [2009 A.D]). Barresi-e avāmel-e ejtemā'i-e mu'aser bar negareš be marg. (Pāyān nāmeh-ye kāršenāsi-e aršad). Dānešgāh-e Xārazmi.

Sādeq Niā, M. (1391 [2012 A.D])). Kārkard hā-ye ejtemāi-e marg bā ta'kid bar kārkard-e ma'nābaxši (moqāyeseh-ye du jāme'eh-ye masihi va eslāmi). (Pāyān nāmeh-ye doktori). Dāneškadeh-ye 'Alāmeh Tabātabā'i

Šari'ati, S., & Kāši, Š. (1394 [2015 A.D]). Siālit va manāsek-e dini (motāle'eh-ye muredi: Ziārat-e mazār-e Sohrāb Sepehri). Tahqiqāt-e Farhangi-e Irān, 8(31), 61-97.

Seale, C. (1998) Constructing Death: The Sociology of Dying and Bereavement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

‎Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1393 [2014 A.D]). Osul-e raveš-e tahqiq-e keyfi. (Persian translation of ‎‎Basics of qualitative research). Translated by: Mohamadi, B. Tehrān: Pažuhešgāh-e 'Olum-e Ensāni va Motāle'āt-e Farhangi.

Tābei, M. (1389 [2010 A.D]). Jame'eh šenāsi-e padidari-e marg (Jame'eh šenāsi-e tajrobi-e ma'nāye marg). (Pāyān nāmeh-ye kāršenāsi-e aršad). Dānešgāh-e ferdusi-e Mašhad.

Walter, T. (1994). The Revival of Death. London: Routledge.

‎Williams, J. P. (1377 [1998 A.D]). Jāme'eh šenāsi-e adyān. (Persian translation of Sociologie des Religions). Translated by: Govāhi, 'A. Tehrān: Tebyān.

Yazdāni, M. (1391 [2012 A.D]). Barresi-e negareš be marg va avāmel-e ejtemā'i-e mortabet bā ān dar beyn-e sālmandān-e šahr-e Tehran. (Pāyān nāmeh-ye kāršenāsi-e aršad). Dānešgāh-e Xārazmi

Zamāni Moqadam. M. (1393 [2014 A.D]). Din bāvari va Negareš be marg: Motāle'eh-ye nemuneh-i az dānešjuān-e bā raves-e nazarieh-ye zamineh-i. (Pāyān nāmeh-ye kāršenāsi-e aršad). Dānešgāh-e Xarazmi.

Name *

Email Address *

Affiliation *

Comments *

Security Code *

Journal of Iranian Cultural Research

The Relationship Between Death and Religion in Cultural Scripts on Death and Dying Among the Sample of Tehran Residents

References

References

Send comment about this article

Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35
December 2016
Pages 91-117

The Relationship Between Death and Religion in Cultural Scripts on Death and Dying Among the Sample of Tehran Residents

References

References

Send comment about this article

Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35December 2016Pages 91-117

Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35
December 2016
Pages 91-117