Scientific Research Manuscript
Women Studies
Y. Foroutan; M. Shojaee
Abstract
This research paper primarily focuses on gender considerations of demographic attitudes in Iran. More specifically, it has three major research objectives. First, it examines whether males and females hold varying demographic attitudes. Second, it aims to explore the effects of gender perceptions on ...
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This research paper primarily focuses on gender considerations of demographic attitudes in Iran. More specifically, it has three major research objectives. First, it examines whether males and females hold varying demographic attitudes. Second, it aims to explore the effects of gender perceptions on demographic attitudes. Third, it takes a comparative approach to investigate whether and how demographic attitudes are affected simultaneously and comparatively by sex and gender attitude. Five key components have been measured in the course of study: childbearing desires, attitudes towards the current official population policy or the so-called pronatalism, and attitudes towards emigration, divorce, and women’s age at first marriage. In addition, the term sex refers to both males and females, while their gender attitudes are measured on the basis of the respondents’ views on working women. This is a survey-based study with samples including 5200 males and females aged 15 years and more from the selected rural and urban areas of Iran. Outcomes of the research analysis support the key notion of the contemporary scholars of gender theory: a comprehensive knowledge on gender considerations of demographic attitude requires not only to going beyond the simple differences between males and females, but also to take into account the effects of gender attitudes of both sexes from comparative and simultaneous perspectives.
Scientific Research Manuscript
History
A. Ahmadi; N. Pourmohammadi Amlashi
Abstract
The reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qaiar was nothing more than his efforts to establish modernity in all parts of the society. However, one of the obstacles for the king to achieve this goal was the clergy and their power and influence among the masses. Nevertheless, to establish religious independence ...
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The reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qaiar was nothing more than his efforts to establish modernity in all parts of the society. However, one of the obstacles for the king to achieve this goal was the clergy and their power and influence among the masses. Nevertheless, to establish religious independence without relying on the clergy as well as to maintain religious legitimacy among the people, Nasser al-Din Shah tried to hold lavish religious ceremonies at his court. In this respect, however, he needed a new structure in religious affairs. The paper focuses on the importance of court religious ceremonies during Nasser al-Din Shah by relying on Tekyeh Dowlat (State Theatre). In other words, the government seat was considered to be a key in the religious independence of Naser al-Din Shah. He took the first step to a make a transition from the existing religious doctrines by constructing a seat of governance not on the Islamic architectural principles rather imitating the Western ones. As a matter of fact, it was for the first time in the Iranian history, political and European representatives were required to attend religious ceremonies. Also special seats for the royal family and court women were reserved in this building while the clergy were left out entirely. In fact, this was the only case in which religious ceremonies were held without any attachment to the clergy class and their roles in such affairs.
Scientific Research Manuscript
Sociology
J. Karimi; S. Vaezzadeh
Abstract
Centralized, unbalanced, and unequal development in the last century has posed serious challenges to Iran's social setup, including ever-increasing deprivation in some metropolitan areas. The city of Kermanshah, apart from these processes, has experienced double deprivation, due to other factors such ...
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Centralized, unbalanced, and unequal development in the last century has posed serious challenges to Iran's social setup, including ever-increasing deprivation in some metropolitan areas. The city of Kermanshah, apart from these processes, has experienced double deprivation, due to other factors such as an imposed war as well as its special geographical, social and cultural characteristics. This deprivation is the main theme of this study, with emphasis on everyday life among deprived and privileged areas of Kermanshah. We have surveyed and analyzed indices of the economic capital, cultural capital, leisure time activities, body management, and preferences (in literature, cinema, music, food, and economics domains), in 13 deprived and 2 privileged neighborhoods, with 800 samples. Findings indicate that deprived neighborhoods generally follow a relatively similar pattern in different economic, cultural, leisure, tastes and body management arenas, despite minor differences, the main feature of which is poverty and deprivation. In most indicators, there found to be a significant difference between deprived and privileged areas. Also, there had been a positive correlation between the economic situation and the variables of "cultural capital", "body management", "artistic and literary preferences" and "economic logic". Demographic variables such as age, education and job were also important in changing the amount of capitals.
Scientific Research Manuscript
F. Asghari
Abstract
Like any other community, the university has its own cultural set up. But unfortunately, the culture, which is currently dominating the Iranian higher education institutions, does not meet the expectations of a scientific community. The present study, based on views and experiences of academics as well ...
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Like any other community, the university has its own cultural set up. But unfortunately, the culture, which is currently dominating the Iranian higher education institutions, does not meet the expectations of a scientific community. The present study, based on views and experiences of academics as well as using an interpretive approach, tries to answer the main research question as why and how such a disorder prevails in academic culture. In this qualitative study, the Grounded Theory has been applied as research methods. The selection of participants, including faculty members from higher education institutions, was based on theoretical sampling. It continued until achieving a saturation point. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, including 17 individual and 4 group interviews. Data were categorized via three-stage coding (open, axial and selective) and classified into 1900 codes, 458 concepts, 101 subcategories and 32 main categories. Further, the data analysis was carried out based on the concept of context, analytical tool paradigm (conditions, action-interaction and consequences) and conditional-consequential analytical strategy matrix. Based on the acquired results "non-adherence to academic norms" was selected as a central phenomenon, and the final model was based on causal conditions and contextual factors at micro and macro levels, academic interaction including resistance, silence and abuse as well as the consequences including individual, organizational and national ones. The final outcome indicates the strengthening and reproduction of the central phenomenon in case of lack of university actions to help improve the situation.
Scientific Research Manuscript
Sociology
A. Babaiefard; T. Yoosefifar; Z. Amjadi
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social factors on women’s Body Management in Qom. The theoretical framework was based on various theories by Giddens, Goffman, Nan Lane, Cooley, and Homans. This study was based on a survey design, and the data were collected by a researcher-made ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social factors on women’s Body Management in Qom. The theoretical framework was based on various theories by Giddens, Goffman, Nan Lane, Cooley, and Homans. This study was based on a survey design, and the data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included all women aged 16-60 years old in Qom. A total of 384 participants were selected using the Cochran’s Formula and quota sampling. SPSS software (Version 22) was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that body management had a significant and direct relationship with social pressure, social acceptance, and life satisfaction as well as achieving a higher social status and attracting the opposite sex. In addition, the results of regression analysis revealed that the aforementioned variables could explain 41% of the changes in ‘Body Management’. Furthermore, implications of the findings for social policy making were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were made for dealing with extreme tendency towards Body Management.
Scientific Research Manuscript
Social Sciences and Communications
F. Zafar Abdollahzadeh; M.R. Rasoli; T. Shiri
Abstract
The global nature of social media has brought ethnic challenges from regional and national stages to the world arena. The current study analyzes these challenges under the framework of Globalization theories. There are two general approaches to globalization: the first believes in complete global homogeneity, ...
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The global nature of social media has brought ethnic challenges from regional and national stages to the world arena. The current study analyzes these challenges under the framework of Globalization theories. There are two general approaches to globalization: the first believes in complete global homogeneity, while the other does not believe in such an optimistic viewpoint. The purpose here is to clarify which of these two approaches have been used by social media as a means of global communication in relation to Iranian ethnic identities. For that matter, the researchers have conducted in-depth interviews with 11 experts in social communications, anthropology, and sociology and data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software. The results demonstrated that the performance of social media has created a dual situation, that is, on the one side they have preserved the Iranian ethnic identity and on the other, they have led them to be influenced by global culture. In other words, social media have reinforced the cultural coexistence of ethnic groups nationally and globally. With regard to separatist ethnic groups, social media do not play a significant role, as this issue is influenced by other social and political factors. Ultimately, the Iranian ethnic motivation to resist global nationality and culture is limited, although social media give them such ability.
