Cultural Studies
A. Ravadrad; M. Mousavi Haghshenas
Abstract
With a comparative discourse analysis of three important museums, this article tries to show the relationship between the institution of power and the institution of museum in Iran. The research question is whether or not Iranian museums on different historical topics and periods receive equal attention ...
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With a comparative discourse analysis of three important museums, this article tries to show the relationship between the institution of power and the institution of museum in Iran. The research question is whether or not Iranian museums on different historical topics and periods receive equal attention from the power institution, today. The method of discourse analysis is based on Foucault’s concept of power as well as a description of Gillian Rose on this theory. This research is about power apparatuses and institutional technologies in three important museums i.e., The Museum of Ancient Iran, The Islamic Museum, and The National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense Museum. For that matter, a second type of the discourse analysis has been used that focuses more on institutions, their related procedures, and how content is produced. Findings from field surveys of museums indicate significant differences in the apparatus and institutional technologies being used there. The results show that The National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense Museum articulates the discourse of its trustees such as anti-arrogance, resistance, and progress in comparison with others that are equipped with the most diverse, advanced, and attractive designs, space, displaying technologies, and facilities. The Islamic Museum, by the way has its own importance for authorities because of its post-Islamic Iran cultural manifestations compared to The Museum of Ancient Iran.
Cultural Studies
M.S. Zokaei
Abstract
Knowledge and perspective about cultural studies have been debated extensively in the global academic spaces and partly within Iran. However, the pedagogical requirements of this tradition have rarely been a topic for discussion. As a matter of fact, cultural studies’ project inevitably requires ...
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Knowledge and perspective about cultural studies have been debated extensively in the global academic spaces and partly within Iran. However, the pedagogical requirements of this tradition have rarely been a topic for discussion. As a matter of fact, cultural studies’ project inevitably requires teaching critical skills and analyses in classrooms. Relying on educational experiences of the author, the current paper aims to introduce some major challenges in the process of cultural studies pedagogy. Reliance on a formal teaching separated from social context, ambivalence and confusion on the concept of culture and cultural theory, difficulties in providing critical teaching and drawing boundaries of popular culture are amongst the major challenges faced by academics attached with cultural studies in Iran. It therefore can be argued that to be efficient and dynamic, and to preserve its distinction as a critical discipline, cultural studies needs today to employ educational initiatives that not only serve multi-layered historical understanding of Iranian society and culture but also fit with a reformistic cultural policy-making.
Sociology of Music
A. Bicharanlou; Z. Khorramishad
Abstract
Adolescence is associated with changes in one’s life including his/her behavior, emotions, and mood. One of the issues less studied about adolescents is how they deal with and receive music. Adolescents raised in the religious environment experience challenges in the process of consuming music, ...
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Adolescence is associated with changes in one’s life including his/her behavior, emotions, and mood. One of the issues less studied about adolescents is how they deal with and receive music. Adolescents raised in the religious environment experience challenges in the process of consuming music, with girls finding themselves in a more complex situation. The main purpose of this study is to study adolescent girls' perceptions of music consumption considering their well-being in the religious cultural context. Questions such as: how do they look at the music they consume, what factors affect their perception of it, how they think about music from a religious point of view and how they approach music according to their religious background, are among the research questions. To answer and finding the factors affecting the reception of music by adolescent girls with religious cultural backgrounds, unstructured interviews were conducted with 23 adolescent girls who have grown up in religious cultural backgrounds and studying in schools with a religious educational approach. Based on the analysis, 4 comprehensive themes on central issue of this research were identified and it was found that adolescent girls' perception of music is influenced by family, society and how they look at religion, even some see music in the same light as they view religious eulogies.
Cultural Studies
M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
Structures at the macro level and researchers’ habits hinder the effectiveness of research in Iran. But this is not the end of the story since researchers struggle with these structural and contextual limitations leading to the establishment of a diverse research cultures. This article takes into ...
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Structures at the macro level and researchers’ habits hinder the effectiveness of research in Iran. But this is not the end of the story since researchers struggle with these structural and contextual limitations leading to the establishment of a diverse research cultures. This article takes into account a specific and contextual theory with the aim of understanding the twisted pieces of humanities research in Iran. As such, the author has referred to the shared experience of 32 faculty members from various disciplines in order to achieve a relatively deeper understanding of the subject and explain it systematically as a grounded theory. More than 600 key propositions have been analyzed with the "CCDA" (Constant Comparative Data Analysis) model that with the help of the researcher's technical notes could lead to a model to explain the matter. Based on this model, we are facing with a dual border situation in researches. Varied research cultures have been explored by taking into account 12 categories of causal conditions, 11 contextual conditions and 12 genealogical groups of strategies that researchers undertake in such situations. The outcome of this process has been identified and categorized. Accordingly, it was found that the knowledge absorption and productivity is problematic in Iran. Instead of effective knowledge, we are faced with states of wandering knowledge, suspended knowledge, prestige knowledge and artificial knowledge. Still, the arena is not empty of all kinds of innovations in diverse research cultures of Iranian researchers.
Social Sciences and Communications
M.A. Taleghani; S. Sharifi; M. Shahnoshi; R. Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi
Abstract
Managing cultural changes in the virtual space is inevitable since it is a place of conflict between power flows, especially the reputation system. Achieving desirable and sustainable cultural changes requires attention to changeability requirements. It means that ignoring these requirements can affect ...
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Managing cultural changes in the virtual space is inevitable since it is a place of conflict between power flows, especially the reputation system. Achieving desirable and sustainable cultural changes requires attention to changeability requirements. It means that ignoring these requirements can affect the process and content of changes. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to investigate and answer the question: What are the requirements of cultural changes through the fame of celebrities in the virtual space? The research is based on Husserl's descriptive phenomenology as well as Colaizzi's method (1978). The research population is those who are active in various fields of science, art, sports, and virtual space activism. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 people as a research sample using the criterion-dependent purposeful sampling method until the level of data saturation. The data were validated through external auditors, returning to the interviewees, and in-depth descriptions. The findings showed that the requirements of cultural changes through celebrities in the virtual space can be found at structural and content levels: in the dimensions of optimal networking, control of structural resistance, family changes, and social capital building in the form of structural requirements, and in the dimensions of cultural flow, cultural leadership and attention to social status in the form of content requirements. The results, in addition to showing the role of celebrities in cultural changes, emphasize the factors facilitating the influence of celebrity culture in the Iranian society.
Social Sciences and Communications
A. Habibi; S.A. Yazdanfar; M. Hamzenejad; A. Varij Kazemi
Abstract
Today's house is very different from a traditional or pre-industrial one. Numerous factors have been involved in home changes, but none of them has affected the home and domestic space as much as with the emergence of modern technologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of linking ...
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Today's house is very different from a traditional or pre-industrial one. Numerous factors have been involved in home changes, but none of them has affected the home and domestic space as much as with the emergence of modern technologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of linking and companionship of Iranian homes and media outlets and their mutual effects. Regardless of the content of the media, which is often considered, focusing on the material culture of media outlets, especially television, the paper pays attention to the process of domestication of media technologies and the mediatization of the home in Iran. The findings show that media outlets faced internal and external resistance when entering Iranian homes and in its process of domestication. The common denominator of resistance, despite their different origins, is being ideological. The findings also show that a process of the mediatization of homes in Iran is recognizable, which began with the arrival of radio and, consequently, electricity in Iranian homes. A process that is gradually moving towards increasing home smarting. By moving in this direction, the house itself becomes a medium, the one that is moving towards a "connected home" by connecting it with other homes, neighborhoods and smart cities.
Al-Farabi and Cultural Policy-Making
R/ Mahoozi
Abstract
Farabi, an Iranian philosopher of the 3rd century AH/9th century AD, lived in the middle of conflicting intellectual, social, political and economic currents, each of which decorated the claim of power with a raising sword. These currents were not afraid to be openly violent and show a scary and decisive ...
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Farabi, an Iranian philosopher of the 3rd century AH/9th century AD, lived in the middle of conflicting intellectual, social, political and economic currents, each of which decorated the claim of power with a raising sword. These currents were not afraid to be openly violent and show a scary and decisive face and remove their opponent from the arena through the sword or with the verdict of apostasy and heresy and make fear a permanent occupation of people, although, Baghdad during the Farabi era, as an exception, hosted numerous scientific, philosophical and theological currents and practiced tolerance.The Farabi art, at this time and in the city of seventy-two nations, was a witness to these currents and understand the competitive arena on the one hand and offered philosophical suggestions to overcome crises and improve conditions on the other hand. He held discourse tolerantly with different ethnic groups and schools of thought, and did not hesitate to sit in the assembly of a Christian, or to have students from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, or look at religion from the scientific and philosophical perspectives, in order to extract what is appropriate for a society from those readings and conversations. In fact, he was a philosopher of dialogue and tolerance. Farabi looked at religious disputes from a philosophical perspective and tried to understand the position of each one in understanding the purposes of revelation and religion. He also gave a special place to reason in politics and defined the governing rules sensible and desirable for cities. In ethics and aesthetics too, Farabi paid attention to cultural diversity, behavioral rules, and judgments based on wisdom, consensus, and taste, and through these, he opened the way to pluralism, diversity, tolerance, and dialogue.In general, the method of Farabi in "contemplating" the cultural building blocks together can be a suitable model of cultural thought and policy making in our time. Although in the contemporary era, Farabi's philosophy, due to the great weight of his political thought, has been wrongly reduced to the axis of politics but in reality, Farabi in his own thought process, has had place for each of the intellectual and cultural subjects, including ethics, theology, politics, aesthetics, linguistics, sciences, social relations, family, cultural products, and the like in a certain organic way; the connections that encourage the reader and those inclined to his thoughts to examine each of these and other components and then understand and read them all in relation to each other.Today, due to massive investments of economy and politics in the cultural arena and as a result of services of academies as well as cultural and non-cultural scientific and research institutions being used in this direction, the cultural realm requires double freedom and liberation; a freedom that is more than the usual and known one in cultural productions and their consumption. More freedom that is necessitated in the field of culture is the freedom from desires and demands of economy, politics and even narrow religion. Although culture has always been and continues to operate in relation to these domains, the logic of cultural activity is to free this realm from adjacent areas and act according to its own particular logic. Cultural production and consumption in the current world is very much caught in the constraints of ideology, politics, economy and closed and minimal readings of religion.Farabi's approach in presenting a general concept of human relations with himself and with the world as well as the surrounding environment and with theological and metaphysical thoughts and then showing certain abode and destinations in the future can help us in the current chaotic world where those who claim power use technological, political, religious and ideological swords to use the culture field as a tool and change people according to their desires and interests where they think of liberation, freedom, happiness and prosperity; the ones that require dialogue, participation, tolerance and respect for human rights, free from any discrimination and exploitation.
Intercultural Communications
Hassan Bashir
Abstract
The intercultural communication is one of the important fields of communication, which requires more research and attention due to the expansion of intercultural philosophical studies. One of the reasons for the importance of this field is the formation of various communications that play an essential ...
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The intercultural communication is one of the important fields of communication, which requires more research and attention due to the expansion of intercultural philosophical studies. One of the reasons for the importance of this field is the formation of various communications that play an essential role in the image-building and branding of nations and cultures.The more objective presence of this type of communication is caused by the mobility and movement of human beings in real and virtual spaces where intercultural communication should expand from the limited circle of face-to-face to everyone-to-everyone communication and do not stop in individual or interpersonal or even group domain.By the way, one of the important discussions in this field is whether different cultures mean those of other nations, or whether a multicultural society with different people and cultures falls under the intercultural communication category.The communication between people with different cultures in a society cannot be called intercultural based on the intercultural communication discipline. Probably, one of the reasons is that it is not possible to make a serious distinction between the people of a society dominated by common culture. What distinguish such a society are views, behaviors and rituals that can be affected by the history and geography as well as intergenerational education in particular regions.Despite the fact that the aforementioned situation has not yet entered the serious discussions of intercultural communication, but it can be said that various topics have been raised in this field that can create a change in the existing perspectives although, some of the definitions in this field are indicative of the scope of examples of intercultural communication in different situations. For brevity, here, a definition is being mentioned and explained.Fred E. Jandt believes that "intercultural communication emerges at the time when people with different cultures or sub-cultures communicate with each other" (Jandt, 1995: 408). According to him, one of the reasons for intercultural communication is the feeling of being different. He says that "a person strives to know the secrets of intercultural communication when he sees himself different from others in a cultural sense"(Ibid, 1885:7)In other words, communication between individuals with different cultures or sub-cultures in a wider culture can be called intercultural. One of the reasons for this naming is the feeling of distinction of one person from another. Therefore, the domain of intercultural communication can be much wider than what is being currently discussed in this field of study.Despite the fact that studies and researches related to intercultural communication has become an important academic discipline in many universities around the world, unfortunately in Iran, which is heavily involved in intercultural communication with different nations, both inside and outside, this field of study has not yet received serious attention either at academic level or social level. What is more regrettable and surprising is very limited authored and translated books in this field.Taking into account this scenario, the author tried to translate and compile the most important book in the field of intercultural communication by William B. Gudykunst entitled "Theorizing about Intercultural Communication" (Gudykunst, 2016) in two volumes that published by Imam Sadiq University Publications in 2016.This book contains the most important ideas in the intercultural communication field. In other words, this is an encyclopedia of intercultural communication that has presented theoretical aspects in a wide and comprehensive way.One of the problems of theoretical topics, especially in their teaching at the university level, is the lack of researches or case studies about related theories. In fact, theoretical approaches are not accompanied by practical studies, and this itself creates a kind of abstract orientation in the mind, which is far from practical utility.On the other side, their validity can be evaluated by combining theoretical approaches with practical examples, hence; there is possibility of theoretical and practical matching.By this way, this special issue on Intercultural Communication, the journal has tried to publish a number of articles related to this field in a thematic form, which have been written to a large extent with a practical approach and using intercultural theories; with the hope that professors, researchers and students will make more efforts and enrich this important field of communication with wider research activities.
Ali Askari; Mahmoud Sharepour
Abstract
Presence of different people with variety of identities in society may cause to tension among them. Thus, it is necessary to explore them scientifically. Surveying ideas of 220 students of Social Science in Tehran and Allameh Tabatabaei universities, the present study attempts to measure tolerance (social, ...
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Presence of different people with variety of identities in society may cause to tension among them. Thus, it is necessary to explore them scientifically. Surveying ideas of 220 students of Social Science in Tehran and Allameh Tabatabaei universities, the present study attempts to measure tolerance (social, political, and moral-behavioral) among them. Reviewing different typologies, “Voget’s division” was chosen as the principle framework. Results show that political tolerance is higher than the others. Furthermore, there is a meaningful difference in tolerance among bachelor student and MA ones: tolerance would increase as education increases. Although students in University of Tehran are more tolerant than Allameh Tabatabaei University, there is no meaningful difference among them.
Cyberspace and Metaverse Culture
S.R. Ameli; M. Akhavan
Abstract
Metaverse, a hypothetical iteration of the Internet, is the result of the convergence of industry and imagination, which allows users to have a three-dimensional and immersive presence there with their avatars, and a kind of dual specialization of life experience in the real world and digital environments. ...
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Metaverse, a hypothetical iteration of the Internet, is the result of the convergence of industry and imagination, which allows users to have a three-dimensional and immersive presence there with their avatars, and a kind of dual specialization of life experience in the real world and digital environments. Games are the pioneers of the metaverse and by combining simulation and intimate technologies, they form virtual worlds. Zepeto is the largest metaverse platform in South Korea with users from all over the world. With the increasing popularity of Korean wave products such as K-pop among Iranian teenagers, Zepeto has become a popular game among them. Based on this, two issues have been addressed in this exploratory article. First, in the framework of the technology acceptance model, the focus is on the user experience in Zepeto and the study of the determining factors that affect the willingness of Iranian users to play in Zepeto. Second, based on Zepeto's content format, the challenges of this platform for its Iranian users have been examined. The target population in this research is Iranian users of Zepeto, and with the Simple Random Sampling method, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 40 Zepeto users. The findings show that Zepeto is a promoter of western lifestyle in the field of entertainment and based on its capacity to shape the taste and attitude and behavior of Iranian users, it provides a window for cultivating a non-Islamic lifestyle.
Cultural Studies
A. Rezaee
Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of "Mujō," one of the fundamental concepts of Japanese culture and thinking. The concept of Mujō, compared with other concepts and keywords necessary to understand Japanese culture, is completely unknown in Iran. In fact, this concept is a prerequisite for understanding ...
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This paper discusses the concept of "Mujō," one of the fundamental concepts of Japanese culture and thinking. The concept of Mujō, compared with other concepts and keywords necessary to understand Japanese culture, is completely unknown in Iran. In fact, this concept is a prerequisite for understanding many aspects of Japanese culture. Some of these aspects include the importance of sakura or cherry blossoms in Japanese culture, the reason for the preference of wood over stone in Japanese architecture, the justification for the tradition of samurai suicide by sword, the kamikaze concept, and the specificity of the meaning of the word for goodbye (sayonara). Mujō is also instrumental in understanding the theme of many Japanese poems, particularly Haiku. Mujō represents a kind of worldview that has emerged throughout the history of Japan and through the integration of genuine Japanese thoughts with the thoughts of Buddhism. After explaining the literal and conceptual meaning of Mujō, the present article deals with its manifestations in the literature, culture, society, and language of Japan. This article also attempts, from the perspective of a non-Japanese, to examine one aspect of the Japanese worldview. Based on the various interpretations of Mujō, the author has attempted to reconceptualize Mujō by interpreting it as "escape from eternity." The present article seeks to respond to the implications of this conceptualization.
Cultural Studies
Sh. Yusefi Moghadam; M.S. Zokaei
Abstract
The main question of this research is that how generational relations patterns in Iranian family are represented in six novels chosen from two periods: before and after the Islamic revolution of Iran. This research also tracks the changes that have been occurred in novels in regard with narrating generational ...
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The main question of this research is that how generational relations patterns in Iranian family are represented in six novels chosen from two periods: before and after the Islamic revolution of Iran. This research also tracks the changes that have been occurred in novels in regard with narrating generational relations during this period. Therefore novels have been considered as interpreting elements that clarifies major social changes including generation relations within the family. So Qualitative content analysis technique is utilized for analyzing texts According to the theoretical framework in this research, three general concepts in regard with generational relations is afforded: generation agreement, generation difference and interaction simultaneously, and generation gap. In spite of diversity of views about generational relations, generation gap was the dominant represented pattern in both pre and post revolution novels. Religious gap and idealistic views of characters are the main reasons of the generation gap in pre revolution novels. Generation gap in this period is of an ideologist character and shows a departure from tradition that should be interpreted in terms of tradition-modernity confrontation. Nowadays mass media and information technologies have transformed generational relations. These elements are expected to decrease generation gap or at least diminish the intensity of challenge between successive generations; especially due to the fact that they provide a nonlinear interpretation of these relations. But generation gap is still the main pattern represented in post revolution novels.
Sociology
S. Shari’ati Mazinani; S. Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
In recent decades, Maktab Qur'an(MQ),founded by Ahmad Muftizadeh (Iranian Sunni Kurdish scholar and political activist) in 1977,as the oldest Iranian Sunni Islamist group, has experienced different phases in its evolution, bothstructurally and discursively. In this study,using grounded theory,we have ...
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In recent decades, Maktab Qur'an(MQ),founded by Ahmad Muftizadeh (Iranian Sunni Kurdish scholar and political activist) in 1977,as the oldest Iranian Sunni Islamist group, has experienced different phases in its evolution, bothstructurally and discursively. In this study,using grounded theory,we have examined the social mechanisms affecting Iranian Sunni Kurds' tendency to Islamist movements (MQ as the case study, in the fourth phase of its structural evolution since1995). This study argues a major reason for Sunni Kurds’ orientation to Maktabis a tendency among people to live in a "community", and what makes this community ideal is a collective life that strengthenspersonal relationships and collective solidarity. Also, the dominant social relationships in society have moved toward a kind of "societal" relationshipcharacterized by impersonal relationships, alienation and increasing individualism. In this study it is argued that while the influence of societal world is increasing, some of its alienated inhabitants try to leave it and dwell in a new community. Therefore, currently, due to lack of other supportive structures in today's Iranian society, MQ, with its community-like characteristics, functions as a kind of haven for Iranian Sunni Kurds who feel alienated from the individualistic society.This is a new kind of "Hijra" in our modern era, which is not place-based but is rather characterized by transformations in Maktabi Muslims’ social ties and beliefs, which virtually provide them with a new Ummah–MaktabQur’an–to live in.
Sociology
M. Mokhtari; H. Malek Ahmadi
Abstract
Technology has important role in communications and shapes people’s relations but also imposes its principles on these relationships. The term “Mobilization” refers to special form of life style characterized by properties such as speed and quantity. This investigation aimed at studying ...
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Technology has important role in communications and shapes people’s relations but also imposes its principles on these relationships. The term “Mobilization” refers to special form of life style characterized by properties such as speed and quantity. This investigation aimed at studying user experiences with regard to mobilization in human relationships. To this purpose, we conducted a phenomenological approach and arranged in-depth interviews with 12 users of mobile phones focusing on different virtual spaces. The use of mobile and virtual networks was researched with the view of "satisfaction and happiness."The obtained data were analyzed with Colaizzi’s 7 steps method and the results revealed 2 themes: “experience from technology” and “relational experiences” with more detailed sub-themes. Results showed that users pass through the stages of “experience from technology” i.e., from “familiarity”, to “attraction”, then “drown to nakedness, “to” pointlessness,” and ultimately “control”. Also participants’ communication experiences showed different types of confounded relationships. This process called mobilization, in which the characteristics, application context, and specific nature of the mobile phone use enter the human relationships and change them. Indeed, mobilization is not a technologic process but is a cultural one. The problem is not the invention but is the feel and urge to use this technology.
Social Sciences and Communications
Abdollah Bicharanlou; Seyedeh farzaneh Siasi rad
Abstract
Social networks affect remarkably in the lives of virtual space users. These networks like most human relations involve compromising between self-disclosure and privacy protection. A process which is realized through improving privacy and empowering the user at the personal level. This study aimed to ...
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Social networks affect remarkably in the lives of virtual space users. These networks like most human relations involve compromising between self-disclosure and privacy protection. A process which is realized through improving privacy and empowering the user at the personal level. This study aimed to assess strategies based on online privacy literacy. In particular, strategies that Instagram young girls users should employ to achieve the optimum level of privacy. For this purpose, firstly the paradox of privacy, benefits and risks of self-disclosure are explained, then according to online privacy literacy, some social and technological strategies are introduced by which users can solve the “paradox of privacy.” In the result section, after describing the main benefits and risks of self-disclosure by girl users, the current models of using these social and technological strategies to solve the mentioned paradox are discussed. The research method is ethnography based on non-collaborative observation of Instagram pages and semi-structured interviews with 20 girl users of social networks.
Social Sciences and Communications
R. Tavalaee; Z. Sabaghi; N. Nezafati
Abstract
Due to the growth of information and communication technology in societies Especially among students, the use of these technologies has become as part of regular working people. Social networks as one of the most important and widely in cyberspace which is Used by many people in various fields. application ...
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Due to the growth of information and communication technology in societies Especially among students, the use of these technologies has become as part of regular working people. Social networks as one of the most important and widely in cyberspace which is Used by many people in various fields. application of social network by students as young and educated population is important.In this regard, this study aimed to investigate and identify the opportunities and threats for shahid Beheshti University students in social network. This study aims to develop a practical and descriptive methodology. Information obtained from the questionnaires using SPSS statistical analysis software in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed.The results indicate that five variables related to social networking opportunities, including e-learning, leisure, organized social groups, the possibility of dialogue and culture, as well as five variables related to social networking threats, including transfer value unethical, abusive, spreading false information, internet & Communications destructive addiction, has a significant positive effect on students.
Intercultural Communications
Amirreza Vakilifard; Elham Abbasijokandan
Abstract
Considering the paramount influence of culture on linguistic communication among human beings, the expansion of intercultural communication competence in learners in the process of language learning is highly imperative. Due to the lack of field research on this subject, the present study intends to ...
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Considering the paramount influence of culture on linguistic communication among human beings, the expansion of intercultural communication competence in learners in the process of language learning is highly imperative. Due to the lack of field research on this subject, the present study intends to investigate non-Iranian Persian language learners’ views on culture and intercultural communication competence. The study sample consists of 104 Persian language learners from different countries who are studying in Iran. The results of this study are based on the analysis of the data obtained via a structured questionnaire. Accordingly, Persian language learners believed that instructors enhanced their language skills and enabled them to use Persian for academic purposes. But they argued that the level of motivation of teachers to teach them was not satisfactory. In addition, the findings revealed that, since the participants were residing in Iran at the time of the study, they were largely familiar with the country, culture, and people of Iran. However, they were not satisfied with the amount of time devoted to culture and intercultural communication skills in Persian language textbooks intended for non-Persian speakers. One of the implications of the study was that intercultural communication skills need to be addressed in Persian language classrooms so that the learners could acquire intercultural communication competence.
Al-Farabi and Cultural Policy-Making
A. Morovat; R. Mahoozi
Abstract
Farabi's philosophy, in the most accurate meaning, is a problem-oriented and worldly philosophy. This statement is against the claim that Farabi's philosophy is completely abstract and unrelated to the concrete issues of his life, or even if he believes in such a connection, the proposed philosophical ...
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Farabi's philosophy, in the most accurate meaning, is a problem-oriented and worldly philosophy. This statement is against the claim that Farabi's philosophy is completely abstract and unrelated to the concrete issues of his life, or even if he believes in such a connection, the proposed philosophical model is considered to be fundamentally unrealizable in this world and that philosophy in many aspects i.e. anthropology, politics, ethics, etc., is considered to be the highest part of a person's soul. In contrast to this claim, which has many supporters, this article claims that not only Farabi's philosophy is basically born from the concrete political, religious, cultural and social contexts of his lifetime, but his solution to the problems of the time, unlike other one-sided solutions, is based on the distinct but related ideal-real duality. According to the latter aspect, Farabi tried to bring together the ancient tradition and the contemporary requirements and to help the intellectuals of the world solve the problems of the Islamic society of his time. In this article, while analyzing these fields including Farabi's response to the issues and crises of the time, it tries to propose this way as a model for philosophical thinking and cultural policy-making, which recognizes the two real and ideal situations at the same time.
Shahram Parastesh; Abbas Jannesary
Abstract
This article studies the narrative of Iran-Iraq war(1980-1988) in three novels:”The Journey Towards 270 Degree” by Ahmad Dehqan, “No Watery, No Soil” by Ali Moazeni and ”Scorpion On the Steps of Andimeshk Rail Road” by Hossein Mortezaeian Abkenar. In the sight of narrative ...
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This article studies the narrative of Iran-Iraq war(1980-1988) in three novels:”The Journey Towards 270 Degree” by Ahmad Dehqan, “No Watery, No Soil” by Ali Moazeni and ”Scorpion On the Steps of Andimeshk Rail Road” by Hossein Mortezaeian Abkenar. In the sight of narrative theories and methods this study first illustrates the novels’ structures and superstructures in order to analyze their deep structures. Life and death, as the principal components of the deep structure, have been defined and classified based on analyzing the text, the genre of narrative and titles of the occurrences. In”The Journey Towards 270 Degree” life is the dominant aspect of the structure and content, versus, in “No Watery, No Soil” death and martyrdom are illustrated as the dominant aspects. Finally, in” Scorpion on the Steps of Andimeshk Rail Road”, neither death nor life are dominant, rather its narrative and structure depict a purgatorial aspect between life and death.
masoud hajizadehmeymandi; Akbar Zareshahabadi; Hamid Taghavi Maryamabadi
Abstract
Religion is the most important value system in any society that needs to reproduce for society's stability in next genereations. Many different factors may effect this process but socialization is the most important among them and family among socialization agencies is very important . In this article ...
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Religion is the most important value system in any society that needs to reproduce for society's stability in next genereations. Many different factors may effect this process but socialization is the most important among them and family among socialization agencies is very important . In this article we study the effect of family on the religiosity of youth in Yazd city according of Parson's & Chalabi's macro& micro functional theories about social order.Yazd city is a desert ancient city in Iran that was built before Islam and is called Isatis and after Islamic appearance and the people's tendency to this religion, this city called Dar- al- ebadeh. Yazd city also have been called as the city of Badgear-ha, Negin-e kavir, the city of Khesht-e-kham and also the city of Ghanat, Ghonoot and Ghanaat.It seems in the late decades, the process of modernization has effected cultural traits & social institutions including religion and family institutions. The method of this reaserch is survey. The population study is 136000 Yazd households that the sample sized is computed according of Cochran's formula (325 Yazd households). The data analysis techniques which have been used , include multiple- regression, variance analysis and correlation coefficient. The findings showed there is a meaningful relationship between religiosity as a dependent variable and common family harmony as independent variable and this relationship is direct& positive, it means with increasing family harmony the religiosity of youth will increase.
Mahdi Montazerghaem; Bashir Motamedi
Abstract
This article reviews the three perspectives for the TV audience, program content and production system, and emphasized the production system of religious TV programs, has been trying to transparent and opaque rules of religious programs as part of the production system be explained. Context or theoretical ...
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This article reviews the three perspectives for the TV audience, program content and production system, and emphasized the production system of religious TV programs, has been trying to transparent and opaque rules of religious programs as part of the production system be explained. Context or theoretical framework of this theory of political economy-related concepts such as ownership of the media, political economic and hegemony in the production and control systems through effective regulations knows. The Methodology draws on qualitative approaches of Focused Interviews with producers of religious programs. Additionally, a literature survey of Iran National Broadcasting documents will be undertaken. It is hoped that a clear picture will emerge. The overall discourse indicates that the “do not” principles are the sole guides to the programs. At the outset these prohibiting directives, which include religious and ethical issues is later extended to self made prohibiting rules, leading to consolidation of the hegemonic status.
Ali Akbar Jafari
Abstract
The Safaviet regime introduced a new identity to Iranians that was based on the Shiite religion. The teachings of this religion gradually became manifested in the speech and the behavior of the society. Some non-Moslem minorities lived in different cities and regions and followed their own religious ...
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The Safaviet regime introduced a new identity to Iranians that was based on the Shiite religion. The teachings of this religion gradually became manifested in the speech and the behavior of the society. Some non-Moslem minorities lived in different cities and regions and followed their own religious believes and traditional conduit. The Zoroastrians were the renowned minority among all. Therefore, the historians and European travelers of that era became interested in Zoroastrian's way of living. The women's attire and veiling and the related images of this social behavior were either described or captured on the paper and this raises the question that: what kind of variables did influence the Veiling and attire of the Zoroastrian women in that era? In order to answer this question the following assumption should be examined ''The Zoroastrian religious teachings and the emphasis on Veil in Iran as a necessity for women together with the religious teachings of shiiet in the Safviet era were dominant and played an essential role in the Zoroastrian women's Veiling and attire'' The subject of this study is in the historical sociology. Here the historic-analytic method is applied and the data is obtained from to domestic historians and European travelers' recorded notes of the ear. In the conceptual analysis the historical findings are studied by adopting functionalism in the field of sociology. Based on these two typs of study the essential outcome of this research proves the assumption to be right and indicates that how influential the three essential factors have been regarding the title of this research.
Bijan Khaje Noori; Mandana Karimi; Soaad Khojaste
Volume 8, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 23-45
Abstract
One of the Iran’s religious society’s concerns is preservation and promotion of religious identity. In the past few decades, globalization has affected various aspects of Iranian’s individual and social life. This study analyzes the effects of cultural globalization on the religious ...
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One of the Iran’s religious society’s concerns is preservation and promotion of religious identity. In the past few decades, globalization has affected various aspects of Iranian’s individual and social life. This study analyzes the effects of cultural globalization on the religious identity of two ethnic groups: Lurs residing in Noor-Abad Mamasani and Arabs living in the Kangan and environs. First of all, we reviewed the literature of this topic and then chose a theoretical framework based on the Giddens' ideas. The sample of research is 770 residents of 15 to 64 ages, living in the two above- mentioned towns that were selected by multistage random sampling. Using exploratory factor analysis technique, 10 life styles in Shiraz were found and named according to variable nature. The findings show a significant difference between Lurs and Arab ethnic group’s religious identity. Also results of the multivariate regression technique show that Religious Lifestyle, Scientific–Educational style, Reflection, Sports style, Awareness of Globalization, Cultural Participation style, and Mobile Style respectively explain 36.3% of the changes of religious identity.
Gholamreza Khaje Sarvi; Alireza Aliahmadi; Alireza Moeini; Mostafa Dezfooli
Abstract
Implementing Investigations, analyzes and performance measurements in special and qualitative social/cultural arena in our country, needs local and special methodologies. Thus the aim of present article is investigating these issues: the concept of culture, classification of cultural organizations in ...
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Implementing Investigations, analyzes and performance measurements in special and qualitative social/cultural arena in our country, needs local and special methodologies. Thus the aim of present article is investigating these issues: the concept of culture, classification of cultural organizations in Islamic Republic of Iran, the Pyramidal structure of cultural hierarchy, the process of development and mutual influences of institutions, reviewing related literature of policy making in cultural issues, compatibility of strategies to existing realities in cultural performance structure, double division in measures and analyzing and elaborating suggested measures in elaborating weighting model and assessment method and investigating progress measures by focusing on Islamic-Iranian pattern of progress and investigating the effects of implementing this pattern plus weighting method and using related measures and studying some university cases which are implemented in three phases in universities and high education centers overall the country. This research has shown a linear model by considering weighting coefficients.
Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini; Abdollah Mobini
Abstract
According most of thinkers in the modern world, the dominant discourse in the 21st century is the superiority of "soft" power to the "hard" power. The soft power, by nature, is not consisted of warfare, economic capabilities, production, resources and wealth, but it is the ability to expand Western norms ...
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According most of thinkers in the modern world, the dominant discourse in the 21st century is the superiority of "soft" power to the "hard" power. The soft power, by nature, is not consisted of warfare, economic capabilities, production, resources and wealth, but it is the ability to expand Western norms into Islamic societies and raise them to the position of beliefs and values. Islamic evolution's soft power is fundamentally different than what is being promoted in the Western culture of liberal democracy. In such version of soft power, materialistic elements are incorporated into the new look to the mankind, human thought, society and spirituality. This has resulted in new functions such as reviving the identity of the Muslim world, promoting Islamic awakening, renovation of the modern Islamic civilization, changing the balance of power in the region, challenging the western hegemony, opening a third front in the international relations, inspiration, playing the role of front-runner in the global cultural revolution and regional convergence and cooperation. This has also created a new approach in deterrence power in the fonn of positive impacts of soft power and the cultural essence of the Islamic revolution on other elements of power in the international relations. All this has provided the Muslims and freedom-seekers of the world with new methods and tools which should be regarded as unique and unprecedented. The current paper uses a mixture of documented and operational methodologies. Various techniques such as Lisser, SPSS, non-parametric tatistical inference methods and Friedman binomial test, Pearson correlation and Spearman tests are also used to substantiate the arguments.
