Intercultural Communications
M. Rahimi; S. Faeghi; S.R. Mortazavi
Abstract
Nonfiction is a new type of narrative literature influenced by the praxis of cultural-political discourses in the representation of reality. The dominant discourse seeks to display its desired patterns of action and life, with fictional literature being one of its channels. This study was conducted with ...
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Nonfiction is a new type of narrative literature influenced by the praxis of cultural-political discourses in the representation of reality. The dominant discourse seeks to display its desired patterns of action and life, with fictional literature being one of its channels. This study was conducted with the aim to highlight the semantic construction of Afghan immigrant women in the contemporary fictional literature in Afghanistan through the theoretical perspective of Homi K. Bhabha and Theodor W. Adorno. It also aims to identify the representations of these women in the nonfiction literary genre and interpret them according to the cultural context of the destination. To achieve this goal, "Border" from Why Shouldn’t Make Darkness My God? A collection of short stories by Masoumeh Jafari, a contemporary Afghan writer, was selected as the case study. It was analyzed using Seymour Chatman's narrative method in three sections of story, discourse, and ideology to illustrate the concept of Afghan immigrant women from lingual and ideological perspectives. The findings show that the identity of Afghan immigrant women was changed according to the cultural discourse governing the society, leading to identity diffusion (confusion) and their re-immigration to new land rather than their homeland to deal with this crisis. The interruption and cultural interference of the host society with the Afghan immigrant women is represented through the marginal and protesting voice of the author of "Border" to the existing situation and the context of the dominant realities, reflecting the "critical" function and "emancipation" of art in the analysis and criticism of the structures of domination and oppression.
Mohammad Ali Mousavi; Leila Behboodi; Marziyeh Javadi Arjmandi; Fatemeh Vafaei Zadeh
Abstract
The present article analyzes the effects of globalization on individual behavior. Globalization through the communication technology and information revolution has caused the time and place borders to fade away. It has also led to the expansion of individual values among the local cultures that can present ...
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The present article analyzes the effects of globalization on individual behavior. Globalization through the communication technology and information revolution has caused the time and place borders to fade away. It has also led to the expansion of individual values among the local cultures that can present their values to the world. Television satellite channels are among the most important tools for the promotion of these norms and cultural values in socities. This article analyzes the effects of fashion satellite channels on the educated Iranian female. It tries to find out to what extent social and individual actions are based on conscious and/or unconscious global communicative perceptions and see if satellite as a powerful communication medium can affect educated Iranian youth. Using surveys and analyzing the data, it can be concluded that those fashion satellite channels that advertise western-style custumes have affected the educated girls in our society. However, these effects have usually been conscious-based rather than behavior-based. This study shows that these effects have been more influencial on the consumers’ knowledge rather than their social behaviours and actions.
Akram Hobbi; Eskandar Fathiazar; Bahman Mohammadbakhsh
Abstract
The process of globalization is both a disputable issue and an ambiguous one and it has been approached through various and sometimes contradictory views. One of the major topics related to the process of globalization is the subject of survival or persistence of local identities in the mainstream of ...
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The process of globalization is both a disputable issue and an ambiguous one and it has been approached through various and sometimes contradictory views. One of the major topics related to the process of globalization is the subject of survival or persistence of local identities in the mainstream of global economy and culture. Different views have been presented in this respect. One of them claims that globalization has a negative influence on local identities, and eliminates the differences. Some others, however, state an opposite view. This paper has identified three fundamental but different approaches and examines them by the research’s data .This research which its subjects are Fars, Turk and Kurd students of Tabriz University, indicates that as the global identity among the students’ increases, their local identities decrease. In other words, with enhancement of globalization process, local identities starts to decrease and it means that second and third approach’s theories in the research is rejected and the first approach’s theories are confirmed.
Mehri TayebiNia; Jabbar Rahmani
Abstract
Concurrent with modern transformations and modernity experiences, we are faced with various transitions in different aspects of life. Transitions that women with different gender roles experience within the society, which in turn leads to changes in their mental meanings and social roles. Changes in ...
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Concurrent with modern transformations and modernity experiences, we are faced with various transitions in different aspects of life. Transitions that women with different gender roles experience within the society, which in turn leads to changes in their mental meanings and social roles. Changes in women’s motivations and desires which leads them to reflect on their identity and social and individual transitions in order to achieve their goals and look for new directions in line with their identity ideals. This article examines the function and motivational experience of women from their own perspective and individual mentality logic based on a grounded theory. Through conducting interviews with women who concurrently play the role of mother, wife, employee and student, the study presents an identity typology of women with an emphasis on their motivational processes for entering higher education. The results show that factors like experiencing modernity and changes in valuation systems surrounding women, women’s entrance into labor market, expansion of educational platforms and symbolic social capitals together with social and individual motivations in women’s everyday life has led to a new kind of motivation within them and through such process and in order to reduce tensions coming from their lack of achievements, women have chosen the employment and study strategy in order to reach their goals and in this study the emphasis is on the study strategy. The current analysis has reached four abstract categories in terms of the emerging motivations of women under study. It includes: 1. choosing study as a tool to compete and combat, 2. study as an ambiguous plan, 3. study and employment as self-achievements and 4. study and employment as a path toward improvement and financial independence.
Yousef Mohammadifar; Mohammad Ahmadi; Seyed Dadvash Hashemi
Abstract
Today, satisfaction of citizens is an unavoidable necessity in state-run organizations which is in the apex of their goals. This paper studies the effect of trust in these organizations on the satisfaction of citizens who are served by them. Satisfaction is influenced by different variables such as trust. ...
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Today, satisfaction of citizens is an unavoidable necessity in state-run organizations which is in the apex of their goals. This paper studies the effect of trust in these organizations on the satisfaction of citizens who are served by them. Satisfaction is influenced by different variables such as trust. Data was collected from a population of 8. 325 customers of 51 state-run organizations through context finding method. This index of trust was measured covering two major areas of customer’s expectations and their mental understanding of performance of organizations. Findings show that in most cases there are differences between expectations and performance of organizations which shows that these organizations have failed to cover customer’s needs completely. The most difference observed was related to the variable of “trust in attending people complains” while the smallest difference was related to “trust in skills of employees”. On the other hand, the study of the relationship between trust as an index and satisfaction of customers indicated a correlation of 87 between the two variables. It means that as trust increases, so does the satisfaction. Therefore, trust can be considered a factor which increases satisfaction of customers. More attention to standards and increasing sensitivity of employees and directors are recommended ways for increasing the trust.
Nematollah Mousapour
Abstract
The main question of the present article is, how can the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom (isar and shahadah) be promoted through elementary school curriculum? The current educational programs of schools are based on different theories, among which the developmental theories are of greater importance. ...
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The main question of the present article is, how can the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom (isar and shahadah) be promoted through elementary school curriculum? The current educational programs of schools are based on different theories, among which the developmental theories are of greater importance. According to these theories, subjective issues cannot be taught in the childhood. However, the main claim of the article is that value issues, although subjective, can be taught effectively in the elementary school years through a cultural approach. This claim is founded on the imaginative capacity of the children and the capacity of myths and stories to popularize concepts in the childhood. Therefore, attempt is made to present some evidences and methods for promoting self-sacrifice, through elementary school curriculum, based on a theoretical foundation. With regard to curriculum, self-sacrifice can be addressed from two aspects: as an achievement, and as a process. As an achievement, self-sacrifice is an event which is already actualized in the outside world, and can be expected to be actualized in the future. As a process, self-sacrifice has some preliminaries, stages and an achievement. This process is a way of life which is a combination of accessible knowledge and attainable knowledge. Such an action is called culture, with characteristics which are influenced by the school curriculum and education.
Heshmat Sadat Moinifar; Najmeh Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Everyday life representation is the subject of many media productions in the United States. While talking about everyday life, family could be very significant factor. Many different television genres in US such as soap operas and sitcoms which their emergence dated back to 1950s, have specified their ...
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Everyday life representation is the subject of many media productions in the United States. While talking about everyday life, family could be very significant factor. Many different television genres in US such as soap operas and sitcoms which their emergence dated back to 1950s, have specified their topics to representation of family relations, dilemmas and problems. Leisure time and consumption patterns in a consumer society could be important in a sense that family relation, the way of choosing those patterns and their representation, could clarify the form and types of family relations in United States. Generally, understanding a family could be taken as a small piece of the greater society. The subject of study in this article is The Simpsons situation comedy. This famous situation comedies’ reputation has surpassed many cultural borders dates back to 1980s. As this sitcom is about American everyday life has absorbed many American and non-American viewers. This article will study the seasons 3-8 of this sitcom to answer the two following questions: 1. How every member of the Simpsons family, personally spend their leisure time? 2. How the Simpsons family spend their leisure time collectively? The theoretical base of this article is Stuart Hall`s theory of representation and the method is semiology. The unit of analysis in related sections is sequence and scene and in non-related sections is the subject of the special section.
Seyed Mojtaba Razawi Tousi; Sahba Samadi
Abstract
Adolescents are so much in favor of media productions and they criticize its religious notions and TV productions has a great influence on making a true attitude towards spirituality and religion so possibility of influence Iranian religious Animation on the religious behavior of audiences was studied ...
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Adolescents are so much in favor of media productions and they criticize its religious notions and TV productions has a great influence on making a true attitude towards spirituality and religion so possibility of influence Iranian religious Animation on the religious behavior of audiences was studied with use the role of schools in gathering homogeneous audience. This research was done on a number of students aged 12-18 in 8 different non- governmental schools, educational region 2 in Tehran. The research analyzed the examinees in 4 test groups and 4 control groups to observe the effect of religious animation on the students' religious behavior. Using pairing t-test, one sample t-test and variance analysis (ANOVA), the research examined the effect of age, gender and religious precedent in student's behavior. The findings prove that watching religious animation strengthens their religious behavior considering gender and religious precedent.
Sociology
z. Anvari
Abstract
The student dormitory is a semi-public area in which the same age residents involve in intercultural interactions. These interactions can have positive or negative impact in the individual life and also make dependent or independent personality in the future social life decision. Our main question in ...
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The student dormitory is a semi-public area in which the same age residents involve in intercultural interactions. These interactions can have positive or negative impact in the individual life and also make dependent or independent personality in the future social life decision. Our main question in this article is the study of the belongin sense to the dormitory in the girl’s students. The belonging sense is important because it is the result of desirable condition and influence on trying to improve the living condition. The important factor like security, privacy, positive interaction with the other (roomates and dorm official) and the ruls form the belonging sense. We investigate these factors with studying the 60 life story of girl’s students that live in the dormitory of the universiti’s of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti. In Final, our results show the belonging sense is low because of lake of privacy, the rules limitation and disagreement with roomates and the dorm offitial. The field of study, the educational level, the culture, and the type of socialization of individuals, age, individual characteristics and ethnicity affect on the sense of belonging to the dormitory.
Sociology
N. Arabi; M. Noghani Dokht Bahmani; Gh. Sedigh Ouraee
Abstract
From a sociological perspective Financial vows are Socio-economic, participatory, and community-based actions that have the potential to empower vulnerable groups and address poverty, given the current conditions of our society. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to describe and ...
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From a sociological perspective Financial vows are Socio-economic, participatory, and community-based actions that have the potential to empower vulnerable groups and address poverty, given the current conditions of our society. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to describe and interpret the meaning of the vow phenomenon from the perspective of the actors, the reasons for the actors to choose the methods of vow, and finally to discover the barriers to social responsibility and participation of the actors. Using qualitative approach and thematic analysis method and using semi-structured and narrative interviews, data were collected from 18 participants in Mashhad.According to the findings, the participants were divided into conscious and semi-conscious groups in terms of interpreting the meaning of the vow. By comparing the action of the two groups, it is recognized that the type of action of the conscious participants is more rationally focused on the purpose or value and that they feel more responsible and perform their social and participatory roles. The type of action of the subconscious participants is often emotionally focused on the goal or value and chooses individual non-attitudinal methods.
Mohammad Amin Ghaneirad
Abstract
Most of the current policy-making literature in scholar and executive institutions in industrial and technological fields explains Iran’s failure in industrialization process as the result of economic, organizational, and managerial factors. However, this approach itself is among the factors which ...
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Most of the current policy-making literature in scholar and executive institutions in industrial and technological fields explains Iran’s failure in industrialization process as the result of economic, organizational, and managerial factors. However, this approach itself is among the factors which hinder the technology-localization process. Explaining this problem, the present study attempts to explore some conceptual and theoretical issues to understand technology in a broad view –especially in cultural approach. In the theoretical part, the contradiction among technology-oriented and heritage-oriented cultures, innovative production and consumption of technology, cultural rooting and institutional independence of technology, and continuity of cultural heritage in the technological world are discussed; while in another part of the study the influence of two cultures contradiction –among them conflict between heritage and technological canons of culture, epistemological challenges among modern intellectuals, and the consumption edge of Iranian innovative culture of technology- on the pattern of technology’s production and consumption in Iran would be explored. In conclusion, as a result of cultural analysis of technology, some general strategies would be explored and further studies in different aspects is suggested in order to achieve an advanced meta-analysis and offering policies to promote national conduct in cultural policy-making and technological development.
Omid Karimi; Sayyed Mohammad Mahdizadeh
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the role of foreign media as the agitators of popular culture. For that with reception analysis it’s pay to describe decoding of youth audiences about this series. Globalization theory and Reception in Communication theory are formed the theoretical system ...
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The aim of this article is to describe the role of foreign media as the agitators of popular culture. For that with reception analysis it’s pay to describe decoding of youth audiences about this series. Globalization theory and Reception in Communication theory are formed the theoretical system of current article. The methodology in this research is qualitative one, and two techniques as in-depth interview and observation are used for data collection. The results show different people based on individual features, social and cultural backgrounds have inclination toward special characters and identify with them. This inclination so far the audience fallow the series because of his/her favorite character. Also there is a great compatibility between audience backgrounds and their receptions. A number of audience have criticized the series and point out the negative consequences on its society. However, seeing the series continue; really they prefer watching series enjoying to risks of it.
Mahdi Montazerghaem; Reza Kavand
Abstract
Thisstudyseeks toanswer to thisfundamental questionwhich howyoungaudiences of specific Persian languagesatellitechannels are engagedinreadingthe communicative messagesfromsuch channels and what kind of messages of such channels’ reading they do? To answer thisquestion,thestudy uses Stuart Hall’s ...
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Thisstudyseeks toanswer to thisfundamental questionwhich howyoungaudiences of specific Persian languagesatellitechannels are engagedinreadingthe communicative messagesfromsuch channels and what kind of messages of such channels’ reading they do? To answer thisquestion,thestudy uses Stuart Hall’s perception analysisapproachand encoding-decoding model. Thisapproach relies on theprinciple thatbased on their social and culturalcontexts, the audienceswhen are faced with themass mediamessages, actively perceive and read media texts. According to this viewmedia texts have the polysemic capabilityand based ontheir cognitive, social, and identical contexts, individuals perceive specific meaningfromthese texts. Thestudyusesdiscourse analysis method and in-depthinterview technique,and it shows at the end which cultural and identical circumstance of studied audiences is sorely effective in the way of acceptance and receive of messages. Withregard to theparticular circumstancesofsatellite TV in Iranandalso the hybrid cultureandidentityof Iranian immigrantswho are mostlyproducers of Persian language satellite channel programs, the results are containing particular theoretical implications.
Mohammadreza Hatami; Morteza Farajian; Hamed Roshan Chashm; Ali Jamshidi
Abstract
Political culture is one of the most important phenomena of social life in modem era, with an undeniable influence on the political conduct of the members of the society. It is also one of the main pillars and principles of the growth and development of society. Belief in political equality, trust, feeling ...
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Political culture is one of the most important phenomena of social life in modem era, with an undeniable influence on the political conduct of the members of the society. It is also one of the main pillars and principles of the growth and development of society. Belief in political equality, trust, feeling of security, and national and ethnic loyalty, are among significant elements closely related to political culture and society development pattern. The present study aims to analyze the factors influencing the political culture of the students of Parsabad Islamic Azad University. The main question addressed in this study concerns the factors which influence the political culture of the students of Parsabad Islamic Azad University. The hypotheses of the study suggest that variables such as ethnicism, religiousness, political motivation, personality and socioeconomic status have a significant relationship with political culture. The survey methodology - correlation between variables - and interview, as the means for collecting data to answer the questions, are utilized in this study. Also the statistical method and the SPPS software are used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicate that none of the hypotheses of the research was confirmed except for the relationship between the political motivation and the political culture. This shows that the temporal and spatial condition of Parsabad and, consequently, that of the students are different from the temporal and spatial conditions of the theories presented in this study.
Mohammad Zaman Khodaei; Sadegh Karimi; Mehdi Yarahmadi
Abstract
The aim of presenting this article is to study the origin of symbols so called Botteh and Jeghgheh in Iranian culture. Some people are of the opinion that the root of these symbols can be traced to an Indian plant called Botiya and as such link Botteh and Jeghgheh with India and its culture, while others ...
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The aim of presenting this article is to study the origin of symbols so called Botteh and Jeghgheh in Iranian culture. Some people are of the opinion that the root of these symbols can be traced to an Indian plant called Botiya and as such link Botteh and Jeghgheh with India and its culture, while others believe that these symbols are purer Persian and existed in ancient Iran prior to the age and reign of the Sakas, and from here it spread to the other countries of the world.
Psychology, Video Games
M. Alborzi; F. Khoshbakht; R. Doroudi
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the relationship between the rate of the use of computer games and elementary school students’ academic procrastination considering the mediatory role of goal orientation. To this end, using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure, 213 male and female elementary ...
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This study intended to investigate the relationship between the rate of the use of computer games and elementary school students’ academic procrastination considering the mediatory role of goal orientation. To this end, using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure, 213 male and female elementary school students (112 female and 101 male students) were selected from the two educational districts of Shiraz. The instruments used in the study included a questionnaire on Academic Procrastination (Savari, 2011), one on Goal Orientation (Elliott, 1999 and McGregor, 2001) and a researcher-made questionnaire on the time spent using computer games daily. Regarding the first two questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used to estimate the reliability and validity of the correlations of the items with the dimensions and the correlation of the dimensions with the total score was also used. The obtained results confirmed the acceptable validity and reliability of the questionnaires. To evaluate the model, path analysis was utilized using SPSS 21 software. Results indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic procrastination, mastery-oriented goal orientation and the rate of the use of computer games. Furthermore, the mastery-avoidance goal orientation was a positive and significant predictor of academic procrastination. However, there was not any statistically significant difference between male and female students in terms of the relationship between goal orientation (performance-oriented, performance-avoidance, mastery-oriented, and mastery-avoidance) and the rate of the use of computer games. Findings of the research indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic proclivity and goal orientation-dominant and tenderness-performance. Also, the use of computer games predicted a positive and significant predictive of academic achievement and predicted a negative and significant predictive the mastery-avoidance goal orientation. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female students in terms of academic procrastination and goal orientation.
Amin Parvin; Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi
Abstract
These days war has became one of the most important identical factors of the Middle East in western media. As war is representing the Middle East ugly and horrible to the public opinion, is being repeated normally in the lives of the Middle Eastern residents. On the other hand, the anti-war movements ...
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These days war has became one of the most important identical factors of the Middle East in western media. As war is representing the Middle East ugly and horrible to the public opinion, is being repeated normally in the lives of the Middle Eastern residents. On the other hand, the anti-war movements blame politicians and the terrorist groups. This article will consider such subject by emphasizing war as an everyday life issue in the Middle East (as multidimensional and culture phenomenon) and antiwar especially in America. The hypothesis is that war as a totality has covered all aspects of the Middle East residents (such as Iran) as has turned to part of their everyday life. On the contrary, anti-war in the western countries (America) has the same situation as above. In this paper, as a theoretical base, Zimmle, Marx, Weber, Lukach, Do serto, Foucault, Hall and Fisk will be used. The data has been collected in 1387 [2008] via qualitative methods (dialogue, observation and news analysis).
Jabbar Rahmani
Abstract
Hawzeh as educational institution has been one of the important socio-cultural institution in Iran. During the Islamic middle ages this institution was the educational center, but since spreading modernism in Iran it has been reduced to religious one. In the past Talabe or student went to Howzeh to learn ...
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Hawzeh as educational institution has been one of the important socio-cultural institution in Iran. During the Islamic middle ages this institution was the educational center, but since spreading modernism in Iran it has been reduced to religious one. In the past Talabe or student went to Howzeh to learn all traditional sciences, but in contemporary time they learn only religious one. Traditional there have been some rules to educate the Talabe that called Zii Talabegi or ethos of studentIn this paper I tried to illustrate, interpret the Zii Talabegi and its socio cultural signification. For this purpose I used the idea of Habitus in Bourdiue's approach. I collected my data theoug fieldwork and documentary methods. Zii Talabegi as a habitus is the base to construct the Talabegi Habitun and homo-Hawzavi. This habitus is based on the sacred/ profane binary. In worldview of Hawzeh, Talabe is appertained to religious field. This basic rule shapes hislher every behavior in lingual, consumption and body techniques. As a conclusion, the habitus of Talabe through the aspects, like the saced/profane binary, ritual life and communitas group in the field of Hawzeh and religious field of Iranian culture has beed re/constructed.
Cultural Studies
S.M. Hosseini; E. Farzaneh
Abstract
The present paper attempts to shed light on a literary discourse which has been dominant in Iranian literature field since mid-1380's .The case study here is an Iranian poet, Alireza Azar whose poems have been defined through four characteristic features, namely anti-idealism, disappointment toward ...
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The present paper attempts to shed light on a literary discourse which has been dominant in Iranian literature field since mid-1380's .The case study here is an Iranian poet, Alireza Azar whose poems have been defined through four characteristic features, namely anti-idealism, disappointment toward future, individualism, and death-oriented approach to life. Here we examine these features in relation to social and political changes in post-revolutionary Iran. In fact, Azar here serves as an exemplary model through which we can find out the correlations between social changes and the literary discourse. Considering that critical discourse inquires the relation between discourses and social context and goes beyond the historical limits and beliefs, it has been adopted as the method. Although there are different approaches in critical discourse, critical analysis of Norman Fairclough can conveniently explain how a certain notion of the world has been articulated. It understands any conceptual frameworks in its context, and challenges any absolute truths.
Elahe Dehghan Pishe; Reza Esmaeili
Abstract
The present study aimed to study and evaluate the state approvals in the field of The cabinet approval in mentioned period 1989 to 2009 in Iran. cinema from which keywords related to cinema is shown in their titles or texts will form this The method of this research is content analysis and the instrument ...
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The present study aimed to study and evaluate the state approvals in the field of The cabinet approval in mentioned period 1989 to 2009 in Iran. cinema from which keywords related to cinema is shown in their titles or texts will form this The method of this research is content analysis and the instrument used .research is a checklist with r= 0.91 using Scott formula. The content analysis checklist was constructed based on the model which classified arts policies into four types namely: facilitator, patron, architect and engineer. The findings revealed that in the investigated twenty-year process. the various states having come in 4-year intervals have been different in using the types of arts policies. The state in the first and second presidency of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani used the facilitator and engineer types; in the first presidency of Mohammad Khatami used the patron and architect types, in his second presidency the architect type; and finally in the first presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad used the architect and engineer types more than the other types. Although there has been a difference between the types of arts policy in the cinema approvals in different periods of presidency. the architect and engineer types of arts policies have been used more than the facilitator and patron types.
Jabbar Rahmani; Zahra Sharbafchizadeh
Abstract
Throughout history, many Iranian communities have migrated to India. Some of them integrated into Indian society, some others lived there as a minority with their special Iranian identity. During early 20th century a community immigrated from Kemran and south area of Iran. Now they are known as Irani, ...
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Throughout history, many Iranian communities have migrated to India. Some of them integrated into Indian society, some others lived there as a minority with their special Iranian identity. During early 20th century a community immigrated from Kemran and south area of Iran. Now they are known as Irani, Gharibe (foreigner, and Baluchi. This Baluchis are different from Iranian and Pakistani Baluchis. The main center of Baluchis in India is Bhopal in MP. The problem is that how they identify themselves and their identity. During my fieldwork within this community, r found that they define fluid and dynamic identity. Their discursive and synthetic experience of identity showed that fluid and layered identity is possible in not only modem, but also in traditional multicultural context. Our data shows that Baluchis through their layered identity have been able to sustain and to continue their Indo-lranian identity.
Hosein Behravan; Neda Behravan
Abstract
The paper aims to analyze the importance of social capital dimensions and components in Imam Reza's Hadiths (RH). The research method was qualitative, interpretive and descriptive content analysis. According to the conceptual model of social capital, 56 RH out of 356 were considered as qualified for ...
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The paper aims to analyze the importance of social capital dimensions and components in Imam Reza's Hadiths (RH). The research method was qualitative, interpretive and descriptive content analysis. According to the conceptual model of social capital, 56 RH out of 356 were considered as qualified for analysis. Results showed that all of social capital dimensions and components are cited as important from Imam Reza's point of view. Social capital has different degree which culminates in sacrifice and martyrdom. In the structural dimension, all of macro, middle and micro levels of social capital are cited. Of course, macro level of social network is more important which can be interpreted as universalistic view in RH. Objective structure is more dominant than the subjective. In the relational dimension, social capital is with less expectancy and compensation than retaliation, even if, the collective action is regarded. In the two thirds of the cases of RH, the direction of relation is positive which means that performance is more recommended than refusal. In the normative dimension, social capital has more worldly benefits, even if, hereafter benefits is also considered. The authors concluded that social capital as a scientific concept is completely accorded with ethical and religious concepts. Therefore, science can get help of religion for conceptual development. Also, religion and ethics for practical aims as well as to influence on society will be dependent on the experimental researches. So, human society development requires the cooperation of science and religion.
Sociology
Mohammad Amin Kanani; Hamideh Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
Following the expansion of internet penetration, social interactions between the sexes have taken new dimensions. The objective of the present study is to investigate network connections of students and their attitudes towards these relationships using Zygmunt Bauman's theory of liquid love. The main ...
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Following the expansion of internet penetration, social interactions between the sexes have taken new dimensions. The objective of the present study is to investigate network connections of students and their attitudes towards these relationships using Zygmunt Bauman's theory of liquid love. The main research question is that in the online relations and friendships of students, which characteristics and consequences are identifiable? This research was conducted using qualitative method of Focus Group Discussions(FGDs) among female students of Guilan University.The results revealed that two characteristics of network connections, namely, simplicity and anonymity, and also the only positive outcome of these connections, freedom, are the main causes of student’s tendency towards these connections. However, they are aware of negative consequences of network connections, mostly have positive attitudes regarding internet relations and friendships.
Sociology
Vajihe Javani; Mojtaba Amiri
Abstract
The hijab is one of our Cultural religious norms and on the other hand, it is one of the most important aspects of soft war on behalf of enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Therefore, the bad Dressed is undoubtedly one of the consequences of cultural invasion. And cross-sectional approaches couldn’t ...
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The hijab is one of our Cultural religious norms and on the other hand, it is one of the most important aspects of soft war on behalf of enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Therefore, the bad Dressed is undoubtedly one of the consequences of cultural invasion. And cross-sectional approaches couldn’t be useful for understanding the problem deeply and doesn’t provide enough knowledge for effective and efficient cultural planning. The study aims to investigate the causes of the emergence of bad dressed and ways to deal with it. At this descriptive-survey study field as well as library studies were used to develop a theoretical frame work. Data collected through the researcher-made questionnaire that was validated and justified. The data was analyzed through using structural equation modeling. Conceptual framework was based on systematic thinking and comprehensive approach to the bad dressed phenomena. Thus the hijab is considered as a social system and the main elements in four sections; inputs, process, outcomes, and feedback were investigated.
Mohammad Saeed Zokaei
Abstract
A recent interest in body issues on the part of academic and scientific circles should be seen as a reaction to the radical changes in relationship between body, economy, technology and society. The growth of nutrition, health and sport technologies along with the increasing importance of agency and ...
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A recent interest in body issues on the part of academic and scientific circles should be seen as a reaction to the radical changes in relationship between body, economy, technology and society. The growth of nutrition, health and sport technologies along with the increasing importance of agency and consumerism, have turned body and embodiment into major themes in the contemporary society. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data on young boys and girls having regular sport activity, the present paper aims to reveal the relationship and the feelings they have towards their body. The findings indicate that modernity has made the youths more sensitive towards controlling and disciplining their body. Similarly, the competing discourses in public sphere (including the masculine discourse) act as major references in forming, understanding, and representing the body. In addition to reproducing traditional norms and bodily behaviors, such young boys and girls having regular sport activity, the present paper aims to reveal the relationship and the feelings they have towards their body.
