Sociology of Music
M. Mokhtari; M.R. Azadehfar
Abstract
The central enquiry of the present study is how modern and traditional discourses of revolution influenced in shaping, living and dying Chavosh in the context of Iranian traditional music? In this study, we try to adopt an analytical method with a descriptive approach to examine the process of formation ...
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The central enquiry of the present study is how modern and traditional discourses of revolution influenced in shaping, living and dying Chavosh in the context of Iranian traditional music? In this study, we try to adopt an analytical method with a descriptive approach to examine the process of formation and collision of the way a musical discourse may superseded by a new one based on social and political changes within the society. We are particularly seeking to find how new musical discourses appeared over political activates led to 1979 Islamic revolution superseded previous life Iranian traditional music. Chavosh was one of the Iranian band shaped in this stream and tried to combine Iranian traditional music with revolutionary lyrical themes. The musical dimension of Chavosh's works includes components that are related to the “modern discourse” on the one hand and to the “traditional discourse” on the other, and their expression can be clearly traced in Chavosh's works. The intellectual and ideological field of Chavosh music, which is mainly reflected in the song contents, is influenced by the revolutionary tendencies and political atmosphere of the years leading to the 1979 revolution. This style gradually turned to build a new music genre among Iranian traditional music ensembles which continued its life even after Chavosh ended its life. Our findings show that Chavosh's discourse is a synthesis of modernism and traditionalism discourses in between the middle of the Nasseri period in second half of the 19th century and Islamic revolution in 1979.
Cultural Studies
P. Javadzadeh; M. Kowsari; M. Ameri Shahrabi; A. Abtahi
Abstract
Among the three main domains of production, distribution and consumption, Iranian national music has specifically received little attention from contemporary researchers. Music has a special place in the Iranian culture since it is shaped by historical and biocultural experiences of this society. But ...
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Among the three main domains of production, distribution and consumption, Iranian national music has specifically received little attention from contemporary researchers. Music has a special place in the Iranian culture since it is shaped by historical and biocultural experiences of this society. But in recent years, Iranian national music has not only lost its social influence but the audience and its social functions as well. Usually, music is distributed in Iran through its producers after obtaining official licenses and reviewing the content of a musical piece. Since Iranian national music is different in contents and requirements compared to other countries, using Western theories to understand its distribution mechanism in Iran may not be very helpful. Also, no research has been done so far to understand the socio-cultural aspects of the distribution mechanism of Iranian national music. This research seeks to establish a comprehensive understanding of this field with a heuristic approach as well as by using the systematic grounded theory. Data were collected via an in-depth interview technique, coded and categorized with three open and axial as well as selective instructions. 23 concepts and 8 categories were extracted from the data. Finally, using the paradigm model, the grounded theory is presented in the form of a story and visual model.
Mahdi Karoubi; Shima Bazrafshan
Abstract
One of the forms of tourism that has always attracted many people in our country is rural tourism. Tourism is a phenomenon that increases social interaction and increased social interactions can affect people's attitudes and behavior and this extension provides the possibility of cultural change. The ...
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One of the forms of tourism that has always attracted many people in our country is rural tourism. Tourism is a phenomenon that increases social interaction and increased social interactions can affect people's attitudes and behavior and this extension provides the possibility of cultural change. The Asiabsar village located in the Mazandaran province has been one of the tourism destinations in recent years. This study aimed to investigate cultural changes of the natives of mentioned Village which are caused by interactions with tourists. The method used to collect data in this research was survey. Data collection instrument was structured questionnaire and the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The average test was used to investigate the correlation between tourism and cultural change components. Findings from this study suggest that tourism involved in changing the style of clothing, food consumption, expanding consumerism, language and local dialect and style of wedding in the village.
Philosophy of Education
R. Mahoozi
Abstract
The issue as why and how the modern educational system of Iran that simultaneously kicked off with the establishment of Dār-al-Funun (the Academy of Arts ) in 1941 could gradually come under the dominance of the French educational system but fell into the domain of nationalism in the late Qajar period ...
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The issue as why and how the modern educational system of Iran that simultaneously kicked off with the establishment of Dār-al-Funun (the Academy of Arts ) in 1941 could gradually come under the dominance of the French educational system but fell into the domain of nationalism in the late Qajar period and throughout the first Pahlavi era, and that, when and to what extent these two formal and content areas could involve the modern educational system of Iran is the subject the author intends to show their connection through historical sources as well as documents and analyses in this domain. To respond to the aforementioned questions, it is essential to know which of the characteristics of the French educational system was associated with patriotic tendencies of Iranians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which, too, were not unaffected by transformations in Europe and West Asia. This article will show Iran’s internal requirements, including domestic and border security, cultural and economic transformation as well as medical necessities, along with the historical context of Iranians' attention towards France and its well-known revolution, during Ahmad Shah Qajar, a period also known for the constitutional consolidation. To bring into account the political, cultural, and economic system led to the fact that the central government should realize the aspiration of constitutionalists by adopting cultural unification under the idea of national unity and the plan of modernity, with the help of two tools i.e. modern education and bureaucracy.
Social Sciences and Communications
M. Jami Pour; A. Naghdi Amiri; S. Kamarei
Abstract
In recent years, especially with the outbreak of the Coronavirus, social media has become a platform for interactions with user-generated contents among online communities. Despite undeniable advantages of social media in individual and social domains, its applications have also confronted human society ...
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In recent years, especially with the outbreak of the Coronavirus, social media has become a platform for interactions with user-generated contents among online communities. Despite undeniable advantages of social media in individual and social domains, its applications have also confronted human society with numerous ethical issues. Since these issues have been less focused by researchers, the present study intends to identify and prioritize ethical challenges being posed by social media. As such, a sequential mixed research method has been applied to reach the desired outcome. At first, after reviewing the existing literature on technological ethics in general, and social media ethics in particular, ethical challenges is defined and classified. Thereafter, a survey method is used to assess and localize the challenges identified by experts. The statistical population in both stages is professors and experts of information technology and social media, who were selected by the purposeful (judgmental) sampling method. The results indicate 7 main dimensions and 42 indicators in social media ethics such as: privacy/confidentiality, psychological/social effects, cyber bullying, accuracy (information content), intellectual property, and freedom of expression issues. The findings can provide policymakers in the field of technology with a comprehensive insight into the challenges of using social media and its importance.
Hossein Mirzaei; Amin Parvin
Abstract
Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward ...
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Studying “Otherness” and “Representation of Other” in cultural studies especially in Birmingham Cultural Studies School, has been a significant subject of Study and has been used for understanding self, society and the self culture. The “Oriental Studies” of Edward Saied, “The West and the Rest” of “Stuart Hall”, are the two salient works of this subject. The culture industries and human communications are the most effective issues in approach formation toward west. In this sense, we could consider the first generation of Iranians who traveled to west, as the first generation who represented “the other” in Iran. The aim of this article is to study representation of west in itinerary of Iranians who traveled to west during constitution revolution era. Thus, Rezaqoli Mirza, Haj Sayyah, Emad Alsanltaneh, Mirza Saleh Shirazi`s itineraries are the cases of this study. The aim question of this article is that how west has been represented in these itineraries? The hypothesis is that west, more than anything else is a historical-cultural construct. In order to explain theoretically the idea of “Otherization”, Dreda`s Deconstruction, Barthes`s theory of text, inter-textuality of Cristova, Lakan`s Psychoanalysis, Saussure and Bakhtin`s Linguistics, discourse of Foucault, Lakla and Moufe and Representation of Hall will be used. The texts of these itineraries are analyzed by Representation-Discourse`s Method. The mechanisms of stereotyping like naturalization, fetishism, deny and diminishing the deference, are used for analysis in this article.
Cultural Studies
A. Isa Maleki; S.S. Beheshti
Abstract
This article aims to discover and divulge the hidden and obvious themes of social malingering in the actions of characters in the movie A Hero, by Asghar Farhadi. Since, according to some critics and thinkers, the content and themes of Iranian cinema have a deep connection with social issues and events, ...
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This article aims to discover and divulge the hidden and obvious themes of social malingering in the actions of characters in the movie A Hero, by Asghar Farhadi. Since, according to some critics and thinkers, the content and themes of Iranian cinema have a deep connection with social issues and events, this study is an attempt to highlight social interactions and analyze everyday life in contemporary Iran. The research was conducted using a qualitative method and content analysis technique. The main problems discussed here were: Why do we construct a hero? What is the relationship between the phenomena of social malingering and constructing a hero in everyday life? Findings show the phenomenon such as social malingering and a hero construct in everyday life, in the mutual relationship and dialectic of attempt and failure, the inefficiency of social and political institutions, individuality cult, ideological morality, ontological insecurity and the reduction of social capital among others. It seems the social malingering and constructing a hero may be strategies for survival, especially the survival of honor and social acceptability in interactions and everyday life, the last type of social action and initiative to protect oneself and society.
Mohammad Amin Kanaani; Hamide Mohammadzade; Fateme Mohammadzade
Abstract
Internet is causing to transform the profile of the everyday life, especially for the youth. Attractiveness of internet has caused that most youth being appealed to the internet friendships, rather than face to face interactions. The present research aimed to investigate the relation between internet ...
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Internet is causing to transform the profile of the everyday life, especially for the youth. Attractiveness of internet has caused that most youth being appealed to the internet friendships, rather than face to face interactions. The present research aimed to investigate the relation between internet usage and attitude towards internet friendship with opposite sex among students. The survey method and researcher constructed questionnaire is used to gather appropriate information. The statistical universe is all under-graduate and post-graduate students of Guilan University, and from among them, 372 students have been selected through proportionate stratified sampling method. The observed positive relations between attitude towards online friendship and internet usage reveal that quantity and quality of internet usage are important variables creating positive attitudes towards online friendships with opposite sex. In accordance with Giddens it can be said that increasing electronic interactions changed traditional attitudes regarding relations between two sexes. The observed relation between the age of students and attitude towards internet friendship reveals the combined effect of time and space factors on changing attitudes. In overall, expansion of internet usage as a part of the process of globalization has an special role on formation of new social meanings such as online friendship with opposite sex, which itself is an apparent feature of modern world.
Al-Farabi and Cultural Policy-Making
R. Hoseinpour Tonekaboni; J. Masoudi
Abstract
"Governance" is a new model and method in the field of politics and management, which has attracted the attention of many thinkers in the last few years. This model has many types, one of which is ethical governance. This governance, which insists on "management and administration" based on values, is ...
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"Governance" is a new model and method in the field of politics and management, which has attracted the attention of many thinkers in the last few years. This model has many types, one of which is ethical governance. This governance, which insists on "management and administration" based on values, is a group action planned by the rulers and managers in order to implement a decent ethical system to integrate all business under a set and organization. Farabi is the first Iranian Muslim philosopher who, in addition to founding Islamic philosophy; has been the designer of many political and ethical discourse. In his political philosophy and civil science, he saw ethics and politics together, and the way to achieve the utopia of good fortune is only by converting to moral principles, which according to him, is possible through the cooperation and convergence of people and officials, and in the context of society. The subject of this article is the moral governance from the perspective of this peripatetic philosopher. The authors first defines governance and then ethical governance, then by adopting the method of content analysis and exploring Farabi's thoughts, they identify and introduce the foundations and signs of this governance/management model. Its purpose is to clarify the content of a percentage of Islamic philosophy in order to provide the content of one of the most important types of governance, for managers and officials of governmental and sub-governmental institutions, as well as citizens.
Nader Ofoghi; Abbas Sadeghi
Abstract
The present study attempts to evaluate values and norms among students in the dormitories of University of Gilan in 1385-86. 11 structure –including 10 independent variable and 1 (Anomy) for the dependant variable- has been created in order to recognize cited values and norms. The study is descriptive-analytical, ...
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The present study attempts to evaluate values and norms among students in the dormitories of University of Gilan in 1385-86. 11 structure –including 10 independent variable and 1 (Anomy) for the dependant variable- has been created in order to recognize cited values and norms. The study is descriptive-analytical, using questionnaire and standard interview. Population includes all the students in dormitories of Gilan University (2917 person). In sampling 304 students were chosen. The questionnaire was self-created and its validity was verified through testing by experts. Reliability of achieved through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient in pilot-study and avoiding some questions in every 11 structures to gain more than 70% in Alpha coefficient. Results show the average anomy in girl dormitory is 3.64. T-Test too shows a meaningful difference in Anomy between two dormitories. Even in boy’s dormitory which has a lesser anomy (2.76), it is near to 3. However, results show that social control mechanism (Punishment) in both dormitories is inefficient. In conclusion it could be said that there is a kind of social imbalance in both dormitories which should be considered in planning to encounter future possible social crises.
Intercultural Communications
M. Movahed; E. Hamidizadeh; M. Aligoo
Abstract
The phenomena, through which, a person knows himself and others is an identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and analyze identity networks of youths from different ethnicities as well as to understand their complexities and priorities. Highlighting these networks can help ...
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The phenomena, through which, a person knows himself and others is an identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and analyze identity networks of youths from different ethnicities as well as to understand their complexities and priorities. Highlighting these networks can help us understand the identity patterns of Iranian teenagers. As such, the identity elements of youths have been investigated based on the compositional theoretical framework. In this research, a quantitative approach was taken using a survey technique and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of youths in the cities of Zahedan, Ahvaz, Urmia, Sanandaj and Gorgan. In this study, the statistical sample includes 2000 people. After collecting the data, SPSS, AMOS and UCINET software were used and the dimensions of identity were drawn in the form of tables and graphs. With reference to the analysis of the network of identity resources of youths, it can be said that civic identity is not related to the rest of identity resources, and this lack of connection includes the structures within the range of national identity as well as the remaining structures of identity dimensions. Referring to this issue, it seems that cultural structures play an infrastructural and fundamental role in identifying adolescence, and the behavioral, historical and political dimensions of identity are influenced by culture and since the culture element is motivational, cognitive and behavioral; it is the main factor of communication between all identity domains of a person.
Social Sciences and Communications
H. Molaei; Z. Majdizadeh
Abstract
Social media with their features such as interactivity, participatory, and user-generated content have provided a great opportunity for self-expression of the users. However, cultural differences affect the extent and modality of users’ self-expression. This study aims to investigate the modality ...
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Social media with their features such as interactivity, participatory, and user-generated content have provided a great opportunity for self-expression of the users. However, cultural differences affect the extent and modality of users’ self-expression. This study aims to investigate the modality of self-expression of Iranian users of the social networking sites. In doing so, an online survey was conducted among the students of three Iran universities: University of Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology, and Sharif University of Technology. A total of 371 students participated in the study. Having conducted quantitative analysis, the study results showed that women and ethnic minorities are more inclined to support their cultural differences compared to men and ethnic majority group. Supporting cultural differences was observed more among Shia religious majority group. Religious minorities expressed less tendency to create content in social networking sites and as a result support their religious identity.
Bijan Khajenoori; Leila Parnian; Soghra hemmat
Abstract
The aim of this research is the study of the relationship between life style and social identity among youth. After reviewing local and international literature, while considering theories about cultural globalization (life style) and social identity, a theoretical framework regarding theories of Giddens ...
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The aim of this research is the study of the relationship between life style and social identity among youth. After reviewing local and international literature, while considering theories about cultural globalization (life style) and social identity, a theoretical framework regarding theories of Giddens was formulated.The method of this study was survey and its tool was questionnaire. Statistical society of the present research was the youth in Bandar Abbas (city in Iran). The sampling method used in this survey was multi-stage share random sampling. Sample size that was estimated according to Lin Table with 95 percent significance level and 4 percent error was 406. The double variable analysis in this research suggested that there was a significant relationship among the variables: religious life style, traditional musician life style, modern musician life style and focused on body life style with the dependent variable of social identity. Moreover, according to the multivariable regression results the variables of religious life style, modern musician life style, traditional musician life style, sporty life style and friendly life styleIntimacytotally explained 62.7 percent of the changes social identity.
Cultural Studies
A. Ghasemi
Abstract
The Iranians’ Ethos is one of the issues that have been taken into account by researchers in recent decades. This article takes up the issue using a fuzzy method and attempts to show that ethos like many other concepts is fuzzy. For that purpose, break points and sensitive historical events were ...
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The Iranians’ Ethos is one of the issues that have been taken into account by researchers in recent decades. This article takes up the issue using a fuzzy method and attempts to show that ethos like many other concepts is fuzzy. For that purpose, break points and sensitive historical events were selected that had a great impact on the mood of Iranians, including the famine during the First World War. The war in the early 20th century had also adversely impacted the economic, social and cultural life of Iranians, which in this study specifically examines as the Ethos of Iranians. The results show that the people during the famine demonstrated characteristics such as individualism, collectivism, anti-authoritarianism and lawlessness, each of which too prevailed to some extent among Iranians. Collectivism emerged in the form of two indicators of generosity and social participation, individualism as consideration to material and immaterial interests, with the material having a higher membership score (0.48). On the discussion of lawlessness, various crimes emerged and overcharging had the highest score with 0.52 points of fuzzy membership. Anti-authoritarianism was also manifested in the form of indicators such as interference in the government’s affairs and accountability, in which the latter received the highest score with 0.18 member score. The final analysis of the concepts also shows that overcharging was the main Ethos during the famine of the First World War. Finally, it can be said that Ethos is like many fuzzy concepts and using this method can provide more appropriate results.
Rasoul Rabbani; Seyyed ali Hashemianfar; Mohmmad Ganji
Abstract
In order to give an explanation of "Ghame-Zani" in Khmoeini Shahr city of Isfahan province, the present study is dealt with the role of cultural factors effective in "Ghame-Zani". The statistical population is included in the inhabitants of Khomeini Shahr ("Ghame-zani" participants, spectators and crowds ...
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In order to give an explanation of "Ghame-Zani" in Khmoeini Shahr city of Isfahan province, the present study is dealt with the role of cultural factors effective in "Ghame-Zani". The statistical population is included in the inhabitants of Khomeini Shahr ("Ghame-zani" participants, spectators and crowds of people). Amongst them 411 people were selected as a sample size of 69.8% males and 30.2% females, respectively. The methodology was survey research and the quota sampling method was applied as it is sensitive to the selection of studied group. Exploring the said statistical population on the basis of the prepared questionnaire led to some conclusions some of which are set forth as follows: Although there are some women attending "Ghame-Zani" in Khomeini Shahr, the frequency of "Ghame-Zani" is greater in men than women; there was no significant difference in "Ghame-Zani" among the single and the married individuals; the employed are more involved in "Ghame-Zani" rather than the unemployed; the people with an education level of below high school studies participate in "Ghame-Zani" more frequently than those with higher education; the frequency of "Ghame-Zani" in Foroushan parish in Khomeini Shahr is the highest and in Varnosfaderan parish the lowest, respectively; income rate has no impact on "Ghame-Zani" among the studied population. In addition, among the several incentives for "Ghame-Zani" the most important ones are concerned with culture; i.e. commemorating the sad events of "Ashura", respect for elders and ancestors, fulfillment of "Nazr-o-Niaz" (spiritual vows and oblations), consolidation and continuation of the culture of mourning and so forth.
Abolfazl Shakoori; Jalil Dara
Abstract
As an Islamic obligation in Iran’s Society, the Hijab doctrine was regarded by Pahlavi Dynasty as an impediment in the way of development. Therefore, the “politics of Nudism” is pursued by the regime. It was not acceptable to the people. The current research argues that Islamic Schools ...
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As an Islamic obligation in Iran’s Society, the Hijab doctrine was regarded by Pahlavi Dynasty as an impediment in the way of development. Therefore, the “politics of Nudism” is pursued by the regime. It was not acceptable to the people. The current research argues that Islamic Schools established during the reign of second Pahlavi, from Social Capital perspective, were an influential and significant institutions that acted as a network, which possessing a strong norms such as “Hijab”, contributed greatly to the strengthening of hijab culture in two ways: first, because observing hijab rules in these schools was obligatory, it reinforced the culture of wearing hijab among students and their families. Secondly, from social capital point of view, these networks are suitable places for trustful cooperation. So, with continued governance of Hijab culture in these schools, it naturally opposed the “politics of Nudism” and, therefore, contributed to strengthening of Hijab culture.
Abbas V. Kazemi; Mahboubeh Hajmohammad Hoseini
Abstract
In this article, we studied student dissertations in cultural studies departments and articles of two important journals (Iranian Journal of Cultural Research and Quarterly Journal of Iranian Association for Cultural Studies & Communication). Our main questions are how the condition of reception ...
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In this article, we studied student dissertations in cultural studies departments and articles of two important journals (Iranian Journal of Cultural Research and Quarterly Journal of Iranian Association for Cultural Studies & Communication). Our main questions are how the condition of reception possibility is assumed in Iranian cultural studies? How we can classify our audiences? In particular, how and who is the audience in Iran? This analysis shows that most of the Iranian cultural studies oriented to urban middle class of Tehran, instead of lower middle class or labor class. The result demonstrates that, most of scholars consider audience as an active subject that resists against text massages. Hence, they overlook the role of ideology and power in construction of subject and audience. As if, a type of optimistic cultural studies was adapted in an authoritarian political context. This approach on resistance is called resistance ideology by the authors; a situation in which we believe resistance is a sort of relieving and appeasing drug for critical cultural scholars.
Shayesteh Madani; Mansour Vosoughi
Abstract
Money is lubricant and an instrument for economic transaction. Money social dimension has increased over time, transforming it from a sole economic instrument to a device for various transactions. Money economic value in society is indicated through different forms, one of which is saving, in the sense ...
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Money is lubricant and an instrument for economic transaction. Money social dimension has increased over time, transforming it from a sole economic instrument to a device for various transactions. Money economic value in society is indicated through different forms, one of which is saving, in the sense of money accumulation and its use under specific future circumstances. Women, who form half of the society, take specific approaches to money and savings. The current research aims to investigate the perspectives and changing attitude strategy to money and saving among married women. The participants of this study include 20 to 70 year-old employed household married women who were observed phenomenologically and interviewed qualitatively on saving through. The findings of this study demonstrated women perspectives on various types of saving, ways of saving, transfer methods, saving consumption forms and their mechanism. It also revealed that while money is an economic instrument and possess the economic material; attitudes and acts related to money are influenced by social conditions that has consequently turned saving into a social phenomenon.
Bijan Zare; Mehdi Fallah
Abstract
The goal of this research is on the one hand to identify various life styles of the youth living in Tehran and, on the other hand, to study several social, economic and cultural factors affecting the youth life styles. Based on Cookran formula, sample size amounts to 400, and cluster sampling was used ...
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The goal of this research is on the one hand to identify various life styles of the youth living in Tehran and, on the other hand, to study several social, economic and cultural factors affecting the youth life styles. Based on Cookran formula, sample size amounts to 400, and cluster sampling was used as sampling method. Studying existing theories and reviewing empirical studies relevant to the research subject matter, various life styles such as aesthetical-hedonistic, functionalistic, sub-cultural, and passive ones were identified. According to the mean rates of various life styles, the hedonistic one enjoyed the highest rate, amounting to 53% of the sample population, the functionalistic one showed a moderate rate of 46.8 of the sample population, and the lowest rate belonged to the passive life style. Based on the person correlation coefficient, it could be said that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between social capital and various types of life styles. Also, a meaningful relationship of 0.01 existed between cultural capital and various types of life style. Moreover, person correlation coefficient confirms the meaningful and positive relationship between economic capital and functionalistic, hedonistic and passive life styles. Using step by step method in the multi-variable regression shows the economic variables contribution in explaining the life styles variable as to be as 0.31, the social ones as to 0.17, and cultural capital impact as to 0.16. In sum, taking into consideration R2 coefficient, the three mentioned variables explain 19% of the variance of the life style variable.
Higher Education
Omid Shokri; Reza Reza Kormi Nouri; Mohammad Naghi Farahani; Alireza Moradi
Abstract
The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state ...
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The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.
Cultural Studies
Mohammad Rashid Soofi; A. Ravadrad
Abstract
This paper aims to introduce a mixed research method for the analysis, reading, and interpretation of urban visual culture texts. To reach this goal, mural have been chosen as the most outstanding urban visual text. In order to do a case study, one of the outstanding wall-paintings located in Tehran`s ...
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This paper aims to introduce a mixed research method for the analysis, reading, and interpretation of urban visual culture texts. To reach this goal, mural have been chosen as the most outstanding urban visual text. In order to do a case study, one of the outstanding wall-paintings located in Tehran`s Vanak square, has been selected to be analyzed by a mixed method. The analysis of the visual text has been done in two stages including semiology and discourse analysis. For the first stage, we used O`Toole`s semiotic method suitable for analyzing urban murals, and for the second stage, we employed Laclau and Mouffe`s discourse theory. Findings of the case study for the micro level showed that, key signifiers - as nodal points - of the text have been recognized as nature, city, man, and woman and the relationship and interaction between them have been distinguished in the form of binary oppositions such as nature (village)/city and man/woman. At the macro level, the main competitive discourses identified in the text, are Environmental Protection vs. Urban Sprawl and Masculism vs. Feminism, that are lively and actively in an antagonistic situation using their key signifiers. Finally, the dominant and hegemonic discourses through positive representation of their key signifiers can be considered as Environmental Protection and Masculism.
Ali Adami; Hajieh Sabbagh Kalajahi
Abstract
The issue of national identity became an important discussion in Mashrooteh era; concern about national identity in many works of writers of this era clarifies position of this historical period. Among those writers is the father of Iranians short stories, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh. According to ...
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The issue of national identity became an important discussion in Mashrooteh era; concern about national identity in many works of writers of this era clarifies position of this historical period. Among those writers is the father of Iranians short stories, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh. According to this, the purpose of present study was to examine the extent of attention to symbols of national identity in the Jamalzadeh's stories (Once Upon a Time, bitter and sweet, old and new, our story came to the end) across Various stages of his literary life. The Design of this research was descriptive and its Methodology was qualitative that doing via content analysis method. For this end, by exploring the symbols of national identity in theoretical discussions, and literature review some components of national identity were defined and the structure of content analysis was prepared and then based on this structure, the amount and type of attention to the national identity symbols is evaluated. The results of comparison among the components of national identity symbols in Jamalzadeh's stories showed the largest frequency belongs to "language" and after that, geology, history, literature; celebrities and culture are the most frequent components. Moreover, contemplation in Jamalzadeh's works revealed that he apparently has focused on the visible and materialistic structure of identity more than the epistemic structure. In general, qualitative analysis of Jamalzadeh's stories has shown that he allocates more attention to component of national identity in all of their works; his works depend on context and has an Iranian construction. Nonetheless, we can say he didn't live in Iran but, in their stories he lived with an Iranian culture and Iranian people.
Mehdi Faraji; Abbas Kazemi
Abstract
The present study attempts to illustrate transformations in religiosity in Iran in last three decades. Leaning on the survey data in last three decades in Iran, we attempt to explain the transformation of religiosity among Iranian adults, youth, men, and women respectively; in addition to the degree ...
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The present study attempts to illustrate transformations in religiosity in Iran in last three decades. Leaning on the survey data in last three decades in Iran, we attempt to explain the transformation of religiosity among Iranian adults, youth, men, and women respectively; in addition to the degree of transformation among different social classes over the time. Results show that one cannot argue about the transformation in religiosity as a whole, but should consider different social groups and different aspects of religiosity separately. It shows that individual religious behavior is steadily increasing, although with some degree of variation among different social groups; while some common rituals has decreased within which aspect women show different behavior from the others. Furthermore, Beliefs and religious experiments and intuitions was in high levels.
Bijan Khajehnoori; Ali Ruhani; Somaye Hashemi
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between lifestyle which seems as a scale of globalization process with body image. Required data was collected by systematic random sampling among 508 women in Shiraz. Based on existing theories and studies theoretical framework has constituted based on Giddens ...
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This study investigated the relationship between lifestyle which seems as a scale of globalization process with body image. Required data was collected by systematic random sampling among 508 women in Shiraz. Based on existing theories and studies theoretical framework has constituted based on Giddens theory. Six hypotheses have been established. For collecting information, survey method and self reported questionnaire were used. In data analysis and explanation, multiple regression and unilateral dispersion analyses were used. The result showed that among effective factors on body image, modern musical lifestyle, religious\' lifestyle, leisure lifestyle and participative lifestyle explained 23 percent of variations of body image. Among these variables, only religious lifestyle had negative relationship with body image and other variables had positive relationship with dependant variable.
Intercultural Communications
R. Kavand; Gh. KhajeSarvi; R. Samim
Abstract
Various studies have been carried out on how to deal with critics and intellectual circles with the West, but this study seeks to study the students' mental attitudes about Western civilization using an interpretive approach. The fundamental question that the study seeks to answer is that: Students study ...
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Various studies have been carried out on how to deal with critics and intellectual circles with the West, but this study seeks to study the students' mental attitudes about Western civilization using an interpretive approach. The fundamental question that the study seeks to answer is that: Students study how they understand Western civilization and their subjective meanings based on what conceptual model can be interpreted? This study uses the interpretive approach and the theoretical concepts of "social construction", "interpersonal relations", "intercultural communication" and the concept of "own and other" have been used in this study. This research is a qualitative study. In this research, using the technique of deep interviewing, the tendency of the subjects to be extracted from the western civilization and then analyzed using the method of analytic analysis. Considering that the study approach is an inductive approach, instead of asking about the general concept of Western civilization, it is tried to ask participants about different manifestations of the West and their approach to each of the manifestations of Western civilization Separate face to face. Finally, after the open coding and extracted concepts, three main categories were extracted: Thematic Analysis, Partial West-Enhancement, Substantiation of West-Element, Western-Subjective Approach, that all of which were classified under the heading of the category of selective relativism.
