Masoud Kousari; S. Ahmad Askari
Abstract
The research investigated the issue of TV ads in the context of cultural studies and from the critical- cultural perspective. This study has focused on the family in order to read culture among the advertisements, so family from both the gender and generational relations has been analyzed. ...
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The research investigated the issue of TV ads in the context of cultural studies and from the critical- cultural perspective. This study has focused on the family in order to read culture among the advertisements, so family from both the gender and generational relations has been analyzed. The main focus of the research is on the policy of representation of TV commercials across the country about couple bilateral relations and parent-child generational bilateral relations in Iranian families, in this way the power structure in the family can be understood. Using qualitative methods, this research has done based on the general principles of semiotics and followed the principles of “first order implications” that is centered mostly in syntagmatic axis and “second-order implications” assigned to Roland Barthes that has replaced in the axis of succession. This research shows that TV ads in “subjective aspect of power” with showing mental images consistent with male-dominated system, and in “objective aspect of power” with showing stereotypes that in the first step men(sexual) and in the second step parents (generational) make the final decision, leads to reproduction of power gap and inequality in family relationships.
Cultural Studies
Somayeh Shalchi; Marzieh Shojaee; Hamidreza Farhangi
Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
In city planning, a fundamental point is to evaluate the city image. The concept of city image is multidimensional. This study evaluate the city image of Tehran and its consequences. Tehran regenerates for many years. This modernization process creates new city image, urban identity and new relationship ...
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In city planning, a fundamental point is to evaluate the city image. The concept of city image is multidimensional. This study evaluate the city image of Tehran and its consequences. Tehran regenerates for many years. This modernization process creates new city image, urban identity and new relationship between residents. This study has qualitative approach. Interview and thematic analysis used for collective and analyses data from 20 citizens. This sample selected equally from north and south of Tehran as developed and undeveloped urban region. Conceptual framework consist Blasé outlook of Simmel, meaning of memory and city of Benjamin and concepts of alienation and spaces of representation in Lefebvre theory. Findings reveal that process of regeneration destroys memories of citizens. They can’t relate with new urban spaces. Regeneration makes separation image from north and south of Tehran. Residents of south feel sense of deprivation, exclusion and inequality. Interviewees miss their human relationship like neighbors, so they feel loneliness. Totally, elements of city image of residents show alienated sense of place in Tehran.
Higher Education
Ahmad Naderi; Reza Bayat
Abstract
In this study, immigrant students’ lives in Germany have been investigated and the aim was to understand the subjective meanings of agents with respect to the questions of the study. We can say that a student who moves to another country to continue his education, finds himself in a new culture, ...
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In this study, immigrant students’ lives in Germany have been investigated and the aim was to understand the subjective meanings of agents with respect to the questions of the study. We can say that a student who moves to another country to continue his education, finds himself in a new culture, (the general culture of country of destination as well as its academic culture.) he experiences the trends of changes starting from the time he decided to leave his own country and lead to his final act of returning or staying in country of destination forever. These changes happen in the lives of students through different phases that it can be said each experience in student’s life is a phase for him to change and every change, stimulates a feeling in him. Therefore, in this study, unlike other studies on this field, research efforts to investigate lived experience of participants. To achieve this goal, observation, participant observation, in-depth interviews and group interviews were used and eventually it became clear that the final act of the participants in this study was associated with a sense of ambivalence. Thus “Ambivalence” was driven to write ethnography. This feeling, regardless of their act, is always with them and its strength depends on the duration of inhabitancy and the success of their coordination with the host society and it reminds some notions in post-colonial theory which are called being on threshold, being in the middle and third space and being linked. During this study, we try to survey paths, each students traverse to study in Germany to answer why this feeling exists.
Cultural Studies
Mahsa Safarnejad; Amirreza Karimi Azar; Hamzeh Ghalamalizade
Abstract
Identity preservation in the design of the built environment and trying to manifested in today buildings of the most important objectives in architecture, because the most important factor is the transfer of identity among the citizens. However, the process of globalization has reduced the possibility ...
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Identity preservation in the design of the built environment and trying to manifested in today buildings of the most important objectives in architecture, because the most important factor is the transfer of identity among the citizens. However, the process of globalization has reduced the possibility of local identity and has led to a crisis of identity and meaning in contemporary architecture. That its consequences include lack of confidence, lack of belonging to the place and generally psychological shortcomings. Therefore, in this study, we used Descriptive analytic and Exploratory scrolling To find effective variables in promoting identity and increasing citizens’ sense of belonging based on library research and using questionnaire. For final confirmation of hypotheses semi-structured interviews with 11 specialists in architecture and urbanism And a survey of 407 citizens from Guilan were conducted. And finally we analyzed w the responses by Spss software and by using the Pearson correlation test, variance and the regression. The relationship between Independent variables extractive and the dependent variable was analyzed and ranked by the theoretical model and design principles. According to the research findings, with permeability, Sensory richness attention to the facades of buildings, Native symbols and signs, Readability in physical form and considering the background in the design, can result in Improvement the identity of the society and increase the citizens’ sense of belonging.
Samareh Safikhani; S. Yaghoub Mousavi; Ghanbar Ali Rajablou
Abstract
In this Paper, through the analysis of the narrations of the Roma, the presence of Gypsies community in Tehran was studied. The liminal identity of Gypsies has been explained based on their four most frequent interactional behaviors four interact more frequent in recent times; namely four cycles of beggingconsumption, ...
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In this Paper, through the analysis of the narrations of the Roma, the presence of Gypsies community in Tehran was studied. The liminal identity of Gypsies has been explained based on their four most frequent interactional behaviors four interact more frequent in recent times; namely four cycles of beggingconsumption, imprisoned – out of the prison, addiction - non-addiction and unstable sexual relationships. Gypsies are studied as a community in transition in urban areas such as Khak Sefid, DarvazehQar and Labekhat.This article will show that as a result of modernization of Iran, Gypsies have experienced a transition but remain at liminal Stage and in the Liminalty. This leads to a liminal identity of Gypsies and they have not been able to go to the next stage, the stage of post-liminality and to integrate in the structures of Iran in general and of Tehran in particular.
Social Sciences and Communications
I. Erfanmanesh; S. Sadeghi Fasaei
Abstract
Conceptualization and deliberation around the society of Iran as a sort of the information society is one of the newborn issues after Islamic revolution of Iran. Hereupon, in the statements of the supreme Islamic revolution leader, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei, the socio-cultural aspects and considerations ...
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Conceptualization and deliberation around the society of Iran as a sort of the information society is one of the newborn issues after Islamic revolution of Iran. Hereupon, in the statements of the supreme Islamic revolution leader, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei, the socio-cultural aspects and considerations on ICTS are outstanding and elicitable. Applying the theoretical approach of “the socio-cultural impact, functioning, and shaping of ICTS” and the documentary research method, this article tries theoretically to code, form, and categorize the most important socio-cultural ICTS elements reflected in the statements of the supreme leader of the Islamic revolution, and review the relevant sociological theories. In this regard, the three key aspects are as follow: 1) the substantial and incentive features and socio-cultural placement of technology 2) the socio-cultural preparations and necessities of technology 3) the socio-cultural harms and threats of technology. Overall, it seems that, in articulating the abovementioned elements, besides some socio-cultural theoretical considerations, the themes such as religious believes, ethic, rational and cultural foundations, national identity, mobility, safety, and emphasis on the agency of the Iranian youths are of importance.
M. Tabiee; M. Hashempour Sadeghian; A. Hooshiar
Abstract
Global military aggression against the Iraqi regime of land, air and sea to the Islamic Republic of Iran on 31 September 1359, is an important event that its consequences is critical for the present and future generations. One of the consequences of most of wars, including the Iran-Iraq war, is captivity. ...
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Global military aggression against the Iraqi regime of land, air and sea to the Islamic Republic of Iran on 31 September 1359, is an important event that its consequences is critical for the present and future generations. One of the consequences of most of wars, including the Iran-Iraq war, is captivity. This paper aims to evaluate this aspect of eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. This paper from the point of view of women’s experiences and men’s experiences of captivity. In this regard, using qualitative content analysis based on customary approach, two sets of memories of captivity named “I am alive” –Masoume Abad’s captivity memory- and named “wnter narrative”-Hosein Paimardi’s captivity memory- has examined and in this way, extracted concepts, sub-categorise and main categories. This paper’s conclusions show that captivity is defined as resistance and struggle to Iranian captives. But in particular, the experiences of these men and women is divided under 16 sub-categorises and these are defined under 6 main categorises that include: Conflict place, violence, complications, psychological experiences, mechanisms to deal with crisis and hostile policies.
Sociology
Y. Alibabaie; S. Z. Hashemi; M. Teimouri
Abstract
Considering the importance of cultural capital in the field of education ,the present research would study the teachers’ cultural capital based on the theoretical framework of PIERRE BOURDIEU .The sample includes 480 teachers elected according to a simple and well-proportioned classified sampling ...
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Considering the importance of cultural capital in the field of education ,the present research would study the teachers’ cultural capital based on the theoretical framework of PIERRE BOURDIEU .The sample includes 480 teachers elected according to a simple and well-proportioned classified sampling .The tool for collecting data is a questionnaire that its stability determined was 0 /71 using CRONBACH’s Coefficient Alpha .To the measurement of the questionnaire validity ,confirming factor analyzing techniques and the content validity. For testing the hypothesizes of the research appropriate statistic tests in the level of the standard multivariate and two- variate analysis including Regression analysis , factor analysis and correlations with application of SPSS and AMOS software’s are used. According to the descriptive findings, the social situation of the teachers in view of their cultural and economic capital volume is in an average and downward trend Based on Structural Equation Test, The social capital of teachers directly, Economic and socio-economic origins of their direct and indirect, and finally, Teachers symbolic capital only indirectly, explained teachers’ cultural capital formation.
Cultural Studies
M.A. Ayatollahi
Abstract
The cultural concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the ...
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The cultural concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness) is semantically ambivalent between two senses: shrewdness and wiliness or craftiness. The aim of the study was to investigate Iranians’ attitudes toward the concept of zerangi (market place shrewdness). It also aimed at investigating the Iranians’ moral judgments in this regard. Using data collected from 200 personal weblogs, this study employed content analysis to investigate the semantic aspects of zerangi. It also used five discourse completion tasks to find out Iranians’ attitude toward and moral judgment of the concept in question. Thirty-three university students of the Jahrom University and 20 university professors of the Shiraz University and the University of Isfahan were included in this study. The results suggested that the participants had a negative attitude toward this concept in its pejorative form. Also, the analysis of results indicated that the majority of the participants in the study preferred unambiguous and absolute judgmental terms to ambiguous ones as an explanation for success stories, suggesting that Iranians prefer making absolute moral judgments to relative ones.
Psychology, Video Games
M. Jamshidi; P. Makvandi
Abstract
DGBL or digital games based learning is not only in global level research but it also is a research subject in country level. This research is analyzing a model which evaluate the training quality of management abilities through simulation managing and constructing or CMS games by considering this concept. ...
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DGBL or digital games based learning is not only in global level research but it also is a research subject in country level. This research is analyzing a model which evaluate the training quality of management abilities through simulation managing and constructing or CMS games by considering this concept. This research domain can be so expanded; therefore, only training the municipal management ability with Iranian – Islamic attitude with Sim City computer game has been considered as a case study. The present research approach is quantitative, and quasi-experimental test has been applied to two test groups as treatment, and control groups by pre- test and post-test. The statistical population of the research were industrial management students in Islamic Azad University of Karaj (there were some limitations in this research, so, only this statistical population could be reached to implement the test). Standard systematic approach questionnaire has been used to evaluate students’ scores, and analyzing covariance test has been implemented by SPSS software. The results show that the game was positively effective in learning. Moreover, students who learned the systematic approach by Sim city game earned higher scores than those who were trained traditionally, as a result, the initial theory of this research has been confirmed.
Intercultural Communications
Y. Eivazy; S. Seifollahi; B. Sarukhani
Abstract
Over the past few decades, ethnic studies in Iran have increased a number of causes. Nevertheless, it seems that ethnic problems in Iran have become an unresolved subject. One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the policies of the ethnic management system is information sources far from field ...
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Over the past few decades, ethnic studies in Iran have increased a number of causes. Nevertheless, it seems that ethnic problems in Iran have become an unresolved subject. One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the policies of the ethnic management system is information sources far from field facts. This research is based on the ideas of Mead, Blumer, Jenkins, Thomas, Hall and Milton Bennet in relation to collective identity with the aim of identifying the Vacuums and epistemic damage of ethnic studies in Iran around these three axes: 1. Introduction, Review and Classification of Early Ethnic Studies in Iran 2. Checking and criticism of Ethnic studies in Iran 3. Propose a model for ethnic studies in Iran. For research purposes, descriptive-analytical method and the Technique of Review map and the form of extraction of materials have been used. One of the most important achievements of the research is designing the field of sociology of identity based on three fundamental theorems of the concepts of the media world, the real world and identity, along with the presentation of a model of diverse ethnic identity.
Cultural Studies
M. Fouladiyan; M. Dayyaree; R. Zohouri
Abstract
Study of how to spend non-native students of Ferdowsi University among leisure time, is purpose of this research. Non-native students experience different process in different terms related to leisure time due to special conditions. Entering in new environment, and often new experience in a metropolis, ...
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Study of how to spend non-native students of Ferdowsi University among leisure time, is purpose of this research. Non-native students experience different process in different terms related to leisure time due to special conditions. Entering in new environment, and often new experience in a metropolis, can be understood of people for different leisure time. In fact, since non-native student arrived in own city of study, shares his leisure time with his friends and his family plays a very small part in spending his leisure time. The more elbowroom, having more time to spend leisure time, getting to know new friends and different types of leisure time in a metropolis, opportunity to relationship with opposite sex and many other things will cause of difference in the leisure time of non-negative students. The method of this research was qualitative. With 40 non-native students, individual in-depth interviews were done and finally, by reaching theoretical saturation, the interviews were coded in three stages and finally -analyzed. One of the most important results of this study is the reduction of leisure time in the final semester. Also, the type of spending leisure time for non-native students in the final semester has differences that are discussed in the findings. Generally, Activities in social networks, relationship with opposite sex, street surfing and going to the park are most important leisure activities of the students. More than twenty of leisure time is described according to interviews in the report.
Psychology, Video Games
S. M. Seyed Hosseini; P. Nejadi; H. Nasiri
Abstract
In addition to this fact that digital games are recognized as a growing industry at a rapid pace, they can be considered sophisticated and state-of-the-art media in nowadays' world. A medium that maximizes its interaction with the audiences and therefore has a considerable effectiveness. A medium at ...
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In addition to this fact that digital games are recognized as a growing industry at a rapid pace, they can be considered sophisticated and state-of-the-art media in nowadays' world. A medium that maximizes its interaction with the audiences and therefore has a considerable effectiveness. A medium at this level is enumerated as a proper context for conveying cultural and invaluable concepts in that it is of great importance to have a perception about the relationship between audiences and this medium. Our objective in this article is presenting an approach to measure performance, monetary, emotional, social and innovative perceived values across three popular gaming platforms which are Mobile, Computer, and Console. Then, through a collected data of the national survey conducted by DIREC (Digital Game Research Center) with a sample size of 6232, patterns of perceived values and its differences are inspected. Results revealed not only are perceived values significantly different between platforms but also they vary within platforms. The most important factor which contributes to this difference is a high level of the social perceived value in the Console platform. Analyses and interpretations of this article can help to take more advantage of the digital games as a medium for value creation.
Social Sciences and Communications
D. Gharayagh Zandi; S. Makouee
Abstract
As an Iranian tradition, the Nowruz ritual constituted based on the natural order and foundation. It may also be rooted in the social characteristics. Accordingly, it sets a context for peace and friendship in-between the human and the nature, as well as among the humans. The foundation is established ...
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As an Iranian tradition, the Nowruz ritual constituted based on the natural order and foundation. It may also be rooted in the social characteristics. Accordingly, it sets a context for peace and friendship in-between the human and the nature, as well as among the humans. The foundation is established according to the concepts such as the beginnings, the end of time, the diversification for happy-go-lucky, the life legend, the living proof, the echo-system of the nature, the harmony with the nature, focusing on the value - not price - of the nature, and finally the rhythmic tone of the time. Not only this foundation contributes in the social dimensions of human’s life in terms of peace and friendship, but also it is a good ground explaining that why it has a long-life in the Iranian culture during the historical trajectory. Thus, in the present study, it was attempted to explore the Nowruz ritual from the outset of the Iranian life in order to delve into a social solidarity and mental integrities made among them, and that could be extended over the generations and among other non-Iranian people too, and also to shed light on the mysterious long history concerning the Nowruz ritual in the past, nowadays and the future.
Women Studies
S. H. Serajzadeh; K. Habibpour Gatabi
Abstract
Student dormitory as a social and cultural space plays an important role in students' satisfaction from university and higher education and their educational performance, which is why understanding the living conditions of dormitories and their management is necessary to improve it. The present article, ...
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Student dormitory as a social and cultural space plays an important role in students' satisfaction from university and higher education and their educational performance, which is why understanding the living conditions of dormitories and their management is necessary to improve it. The present article, while conceptualizing the quality of dormitory life, uses survey method and questionnaire technique to study the quality of dormitory life among 2500 students in 10 university districts and 22 universities in the country. The findings showed that in the welfare dimension, students were dissatisfied with the facilities of the room, the building and the dormitory, the cultural facilities and the physical welfare facilities. In the cultural dimension, on the one hand, students were dissatisfied with the cultural activities and programs in the dormitory, and on the other hand, they would not enjoy their leisure time. In the social dimension, the identity of social pathologies among girls was mainly related to sexuality and friendship relationships (friendship, sexual and party). The most commonly used tobacco products among students were first hookahs, followed by cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, drugs and pip. Many of them were dissatisfied with the time of traffic in the dormitory. In general, students' satisfaction with the subjective quality of dormitory life, both intuitively and in logical form, was low. The results indicate that there is a low level of quality of objective life in dormitories, which in turn affects their subjective quality.
Sh. Sabbar; A. Masoomifar; S. Mohammadi
Abstract
This study aims to investigate if people and mainly students are aware of ethical rules of conducting academic work. If students copy materials from other papers and books without proper citation, is it mainly because they do not know the regulations governing referencing academic works? To answer this ...
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This study aims to investigate if people and mainly students are aware of ethical rules of conducting academic work. If students copy materials from other papers and books without proper citation, is it mainly because they do not know the regulations governing referencing academic works? To answer this question and questions regarding other ethical rules of academic work, an online questionnaire was used, through which people were asked specific questions about specific ethical issues. The results showed that even highly educated people did not have sufficient knowledge of the ethical rules and regulations of academic work. The results also indicated that a majority of the respondents preferred to answer an even technical and difficult question with a wrong answer rather than choosing “I don’t know”.
Language and Literature
M. Mardiha
Abstract
One of the most usual people’s activities is to opine about the causes of daily life events. Influenced by instinctive motivations and social habits and doctrines, this activity may have some bias. Simplification and exaggerating in finding causes in different subjects such as sanitary, environmental, ...
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One of the most usual people’s activities is to opine about the causes of daily life events. Influenced by instinctive motivations and social habits and doctrines, this activity may have some bias. Simplification and exaggerating in finding causes in different subjects such as sanitary, environmental, ethical, accidental and so forth, and thereby simplification in determining the culprit, can be derived from two things: an instinctive tendency to the compensation of the cognitive dissonance and escaping from a suffering due to the attribution of happenings to accidents or oneself own mistakes, and also from acceptation of commonplace stereotypical explanations of social affairs inspired deeply by antagonist ideologies. Simplification in finding of cause, finding of cause suffered at least by fallacy of part and whole, can push people to confronting those who are not unique or main cause of their misfortune. Doing so, there will be some expectations for society which lead to radicalism and distrust, a source of more suffering and les function. This article tries to show some sorts of this simplification in Iran’s culture, and states that there are mistake in motivations and danger in effects and implications. The extent of examples is a range of virtual sites based on news and comment which seem to be a representation of the average of cultural orientation of Iran.
Sociology
M.S. Zokaei; R. Eslami
Abstract
In recent years Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iran has many practitioners and visitors, so it becomes one of the main aspects of Shiite identity and Iranian religiosity actions. Relying on a case study of discourses and representations of Arbaeen pilgrimage, we try to understand Arbaeen pilgrimage as a social ...
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In recent years Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iran has many practitioners and visitors, so it becomes one of the main aspects of Shiite identity and Iranian religiosity actions. Relying on a case study of discourses and representations of Arbaeen pilgrimage, we try to understand Arbaeen pilgrimage as a social phenomenon and explore diversity and differences of Iran's society today. Concentrating on representations and discourses of Arbaeen pilgrimage that signifying this Practice, by addressing written texts published on paper or digital mass media (Newspapers, News Agencies and News Sites) in a 5 years period since 1392 to 1396 in Iran, diversity of representations have shown. Applying theoretical and methodological approach of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis in the process of investigating 1800 day-record published on that 5 years period, 6 different discourses have found that representing power constellation of Arbaeen pilgrimage phenomenon. Findings of this exploratory research helps focus on cultural changes of post-revolutionary Iran's society and determine its diversity contexts.
Sociology
M.R. Taleban
Abstract
For more than two centuries, the social sciences have been subjected to the “irrational actor axiom" in the scientific study of religion. Religiosity and religious behavior were explained on the basis of primitive thought, neurotic impulses, and social conditioning; and the decline of religion ...
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For more than two centuries, the social sciences have been subjected to the “irrational actor axiom" in the scientific study of religion. Religiosity and religious behavior were explained on the basis of primitive thought, neurotic impulses, and social conditioning; and the decline of religion and religiosity was also seen as the inevitable consequence of scientific enlightenment and technological advancement. From the late 20th century, and especially early 21th century, an increasing set of empirical data from social science research has shown that this traditional approach to the scientific study of religion is defective. Many of these data have seriously challenged the old but still popular social sciences scholarship on "incompatibility of science with religion”, "the gradual decline of religion" and "pathological roots of religious commitment." The research evidence presented in this paper also showed that most of the extensive literature on the relationship between university education and the reduction of students' religiosity, which was dominated by the secularization paradigm and the incompatibility of science with religion, does not have the necessary empirical support. Also, analyzing the data on the religiosity of Muslims in Iran showed that the difference in religiosity of the population was more affected by their religious background of their family rather than by studying at the university.
Sociology
H. Sarvi; H. Mohaddesi Gilvaei; R. Samim
Abstract
This paper discusses the government's view on contemporary Iranian music as well as the relationship between religion and art during the years 1971 to 2018. Thus, the relationship between the two institutions of religion and art was examined through sociological perspectives. For that matter, qualitative ...
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This paper discusses the government's view on contemporary Iranian music as well as the relationship between religion and art during the years 1971 to 2018. Thus, the relationship between the two institutions of religion and art was examined through sociological perspectives. For that matter, qualitative and analytical approaches were applied, with the first relying on historical method where the tool was historical documents (newspapers) and oral history (interviews with elites) and the second analyzing the statistics published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. In terms of data type, this is a historical research. The required data include three categories published by national press between 1971 and 2018, data related to interviewees and those published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance from 1982 to 2018. The results showed that the media information, interviews and the Music Bureau data are in one direction with regard to the state of music between 1971 and 2018 in a way that music was completely weakened in the 1980s due to the dominance of religious view on the country. The present study, by examining three data groups, showed the stage of challenges the two institutions of religion and art have faced in contemporary Iran. These challenges have, sometimes, led to severe stances of active and effective forces in these two social institutions against each other. However, artistic forces are gradually in the process to free themselves from the domination of religious institutions and gain independence.
Women Studies
Y. Foroutan; M. Shojaee
Abstract
This research paper primarily focuses on gender considerations of demographic attitudes in Iran. More specifically, it has three major research objectives. First, it examines whether males and females hold varying demographic attitudes. Second, it aims to explore the effects of gender perceptions on ...
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This research paper primarily focuses on gender considerations of demographic attitudes in Iran. More specifically, it has three major research objectives. First, it examines whether males and females hold varying demographic attitudes. Second, it aims to explore the effects of gender perceptions on demographic attitudes. Third, it takes a comparative approach to investigate whether and how demographic attitudes are affected simultaneously and comparatively by sex and gender attitude. Five key components have been measured in the course of study: childbearing desires, attitudes towards the current official population policy or the so-called pronatalism, and attitudes towards emigration, divorce, and women’s age at first marriage. In addition, the term sex refers to both males and females, while their gender attitudes are measured on the basis of the respondents’ views on working women. This is a survey-based study with samples including 5200 males and females aged 15 years and more from the selected rural and urban areas of Iran. Outcomes of the research analysis support the key notion of the contemporary scholars of gender theory: a comprehensive knowledge on gender considerations of demographic attitude requires not only to going beyond the simple differences between males and females, but also to take into account the effects of gender attitudes of both sexes from comparative and simultaneous perspectives.
Women Studies
M.H. Sharifi Saei; T. Azadarmaki
Abstract
In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the ...
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In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the present study does not seek to identify the patterns of female subjugation; rather it is in the process to identify the patterns of their resistance to male dominance within the home. As such, the study seeks to answer the question as how women use "culture" as a tool of resistance as well as to change the balance of power in the family. In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed. Findings showed that women use the strategies such as "struggle for meaning", "reverse decoding", "resistance to gender stereotypes", "resistance through tradition" and "appearance of obedience but hidden resistance within family" to resist the male dominance. Through these, they try to control male power in the home and balance it accordingly. Various resistance strategies indicate that women’s “resistance sources" in the family are numerous, which take place in different domains and in different ways.
Higher Education
R. Mahoozi
Abstract
Development, in a new purport, requires its own special culture; in a way that it arises from within a particular culture and the same is its backer and supporter. Based on this statement, any state that pursues one of the forms of this development, it must inevitably also provide its cultural context ...
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Development, in a new purport, requires its own special culture; in a way that it arises from within a particular culture and the same is its backer and supporter. Based on this statement, any state that pursues one of the forms of this development, it must inevitably also provide its cultural context otherwise; development turns into its antithesis. But development-oriented cultural transformation is sometimes accompanied by the omission of some of the pre-existing cultural variables. Cultural anthropology - a study of culture in general meaning – is in the process to recognize, on the one hand, the plurality of cultures by accepting the principle of cultural relativism, and the other hand, consider cultural necessities of development based on a new wave of development and requirement with a value-based approach. With a new branch of anthropology called developmental anthropology, this study with the help of the logic of the lower natives, tries to challenge the developmental elites and make them aware of the consequences of their hasty decisions. In other words, this article intends to analyze the challenge of cultural anthropology and propose some solutions. Today, anthropology seeks to bridge multiple realities of the human world on the one hand, and preserve cultural pluralism as a source of cultural creativity on the other.
Higher Education
F. Nasrollahinia; M. Yamani Douzi Sorkhabi; M. Farasatkhah; M. Rezaeizadeh
Abstract
Today, academic fields have turned into a powerful tool for shaping the society and play an important role in the production of science and the creation of scientific communities. But at the same times, the nature of science and its production in academic settings are encountered with changes and challenges. ...
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Today, academic fields have turned into a powerful tool for shaping the society and play an important role in the production of science and the creation of scientific communities. But at the same times, the nature of science and its production in academic settings are encountered with changes and challenges. In this study, based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory, we have tried to examine factors and challenges that university environments face with in the course of science production and hence, attempted to respond to the basic question: What are the factors and challenges of science production in the academic field? For that matter, using the meta-synthesis method, 62 articles were reviewed and their related categories and concepts were extracted and identified using the content analysis.
Higher Education
S.R. Ameli; R. Sayadi
Abstract
Given that the University of Tehran is one of the key institutions of knowledge production, two main questions arise in this regard: What is the student lifeworld at the University of Tehran? What is the connection between this lifeworld and the university? In the course of this research to reach the ...
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Given that the University of Tehran is one of the key institutions of knowledge production, two main questions arise in this regard: What is the student lifeworld at the University of Tehran? What is the connection between this lifeworld and the university? In the course of this research to reach the actual answer to the problems, theoretical views of lifeworld and communication action were taken into account. Field information was obtained using ethnographic methodology as well through two tools, namely participatory observation and semi-structured interview. The sample of the study was 30 students who were interviews. They were from different colleges such as medical sciences; electrical, electronic, and mechanical and civil engineering departments and technical campus, theater and music from the faculty of fine arts, faculty of social sciences. The student's world was defined by eight categories: student, professor, classmate, academic terms and field of study, cyberspace, media, university, and dormitory. Results was obtained from qualitative interviews, with emphasis being on the existence of a semantic disorder for the "sense of being a student", the spirit of scientific cooperation and the horizon of looking to the future in the light of active and effective role of students and universities for the development of the country.
