This research examines the role of social media in expanding intercultural communication during the Arbaeen pilgrimage. Its main objective is to identify the opportunities and threats arising from the presence and activity of social media in this major religious and cultural event. The methodology includes library and documentary studies as well as thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with experts, which ultimately led to the extraction of 280 initial codes organized into 19 sub-themes and two main categories.



The findings indicate that social media, by providing a platform for sharing personal and cultural narratives, plays a significant role in fostering empathy, co-cultural understanding, and intercultural and interfaith dialogue. Imam Hussein, as a symbol of unity, serves as a central point of connection among different nations and cultures, and social media strengthens this bond. Moreover, social media empowers users and institutions in managing narratives and producing content, thereby creating considerable opportunities for intercultural interaction.



Nevertheless, challenges such as misinformation, misunderstandings, and the potential intensification of cultural and religious conflicts also exist. The conclusion of the study shows that the opportunities offered by social media in the context of Arbaeen far outweigh its threats, and its positive functions highlight the necessity of broader utilization of these platforms to enhance intercultural communication.