This qualitative study, employing a critical ethnographic approach, explores the strategies of collective memory and identity formation among Afghan migrants residing in Qom. This research pursues three main objectives: identifying patterns of collective memory reconstruction, analyzing the impact of Iran's migration policies on fragmented identity, and examining strategies of cultural resistance against assimilation pressures. Data were collected through three months of participatory observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, selected via purposive and snowball sampling, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that migrants, confronting a "structural politics of oblivion" stemming from residency, employment, and educational restrictions, as well as everyday discrimination, utilize collective memory as a resource for cultural resistance and identity re-creation. This resistance manifests not through overt actions but via an "aesthetics of resistance" in daily life. Six narrative archetypes were identified: "narrative of wound," "abandonment," "passage through limbo," "elective estrangement," "persistence," and "imaginary homeland-making," which constitute the map of this community's collective memory. Resistance strategies were observed in domains such as preserving language in private spaces, cooking as sensory memory practice, holding rituals, oral historiography, creating third spaces (e.g., restaurants), and using digital spaces for identity representation. In conclusion, the study argues that for migrants, memory functions not only as a tool of remembrance but also as an existential system and a "hopeful practice" for building a meaningful future on the margins. The research underscores the necessity for migration policies to shift from denial to recognition, rethinking educational systems to include polyvocal narratives.