Bagi, M. (2023). Reasons for delayed marriage and its determinants in Iran. Journal of Applied Sociology, 34(1), 31-50. https://doi.org/10.22108/JAS.2022.134561.2312 [In Persian]
Becker, G. S. (1991). A treatise on the family. Harvard University Pres.
Castells, M. (2010). The rise of the network society (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444319514
Cohen, P. N., & Pepin, J. R. (2018) «Unequal marriage markets: Sex ratios and first marriage among Black and White women. Socius, 4, 1(4), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023118791084
Das, U., & Rout, S. (2023). Are delay ages at marriage increasing? Pre‑marital sexual relation among youth people in the place of residence in India. BMC Women’s Health, 23(16) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02149-3
Elahi Churan, M., Heydari, M. T., & Moharame, S. (2022). Investigating Factors related to Increase of Age of Marriage in Nowshahr City. Social-Cultural Development Studies, 11 (2), 9-32. [In Persian]
Esteve, A., Liu, C., GU, D., & Kashyap, R. (2020). Demographic change and increasing late singlehood in East Asia, 2010–2050. Demographic Research, 43, 1365–1398. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2020.43.46
Ghanbaribarzain, A., Salmanvandy, Sh., & Fatemi, N. S. (2018). An Analysis of the Impact of Premarital Sexual Relations on Marriage Orientation (Case Study: Students of University of Isfahan). Strategic Research on Social Problems, 7(3), 33–54. [In Persian]
Giddens, A. (1992). The transformation of intimacy: Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. Stanford University Press.
Hosseini, H., Sadeghi, R., & Rezaei, A. (2019). Determinants of Delay Marriage among Girls in Iran. Community Development (Rural -Urban), 11(1), 147–172. https://doi.org/10.22059/JRD.2019.74459 [In Persian]
Hsu C. (2025). Contesting individualization and individualism in marriage in East Asia: Dual-income couples’ monetary practices. The British Journal of Sociology, 76(2), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.13170
Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
Jones, G. W. (2010). Changing Marriage Patterns in Asia, Working Paper Series No.131, Asian Research Institute and Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore.
Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Utilization of mass communication by the individual. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109
Lesthaeghe, R. (2010). The unfolding story of the Second Demographic Transition. Population and Development Review, 36(2), 211–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x
Li, L. (2025). The Influence of Individualism on Youth’s View of Marriage in China. Global Review of Humanities, Arts, and Society, 1(3), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.63802/grhas.v1.i3.70
Majdzińska, A. (2022). The typology of first marriage patterns in Europe. Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 12(3), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2022.3.02
Mirhosseini, Z., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2024). Analysis of Understanding of Single Girls from the Socio-Economic Contexts of Delaying the Age of Marriage (A Case Study of Single Girls in Yasuj). Journal of Social Development and Welfare Planning, 14(57), 369-416. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2023.68073.2363 [In Persian]
Molapanah, Z., Rahmani Khalili, E., & Vosoughi, M. (2022). Sociological study of the contexts and consequences of delaying the age of marriage among unmarried men in Tehran. Strategic Studies of Women, 24(94), 161–184. [In Persian]
Morovat, B., Dehghan, H., & Hassani, O. (2020). Factors Affecting the Desire to Continue Living Single among the Youth of Qom. Population Studies Journal, 6(1), 67–89. [In Persian]
Niazi, M., Rastegari, S., Sakhaie, A., & Hossain Zade Arani, S. S. (2024). Meta-analysis of the effect of media consumption on the tendency to single life. Strategic Studies of Women, 26(102), 93–123. https://doi.org/10.22095/jwss.2024.462267.3484 [In Persian]
OECD. (2024). Society at a Glance 2024: OECD Social Indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/918d8db3-en
Oppenheimer, V. K. (1988). A theory of marriage timing. American Journal of Sociology, 94(3), 563–591. https://doi.org/10.1086/229030
Park, Y., Impett, E. A., & MacDonald, G. (2021). Singles’ Sexual Satisfaction is Associated with More Satisfaction With Singlehood and Less Interest in Marriage. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(5), 741–752.https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220942361
Rashvand Sorkhkoule, M., Vojdani, F., & Larijani, M. (2024), Attitudes Toward Spouse Selection Among Female Students and Its Correlates. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 18(36), 9-50. http://doi.org/10.22034/jpai.2024.2019787.1322 [In Persian]
Rashvand Sorkhkouleh, M. (2025). The effect of individual and socio- cultural factors on delayed marriage among unmarried boys in Tehran. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.22034/ssys.2025.3590.3636 [In Persian]
Rashvand Sorkhkouleh, M. (2025). The Relationship between Interactions with the Opposite Sex and Desire for Marriage: A Study of Single Men in Tehran. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.22034/jpai.2025.2063475.1415 [In Persian]
Reshadi M, gheisarian E. Studying the Phenomenon of Delay in the Age of Marriage among the Youth in Ilam province. Socio-cultural development Studies, 11 (2), 91-118. [In Persian]
Ruzan, V. V. (2024). The Exposure to Divorce News on Social Media on the Decision to Postpone Marriage in Early Adulthood. Sadida: Islamic Communications and Media Studies, 4(2). 47- 68. https://doi.org/10.22373/sadida.v4i2.5567
Santos, C., and Weiss, D. (2016). Why not settle down already? a quantitative analysis of the delay in marriage. International Economic Review, 57(2), 425-452. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44075354
Saqqezi, A., & YazdaniEsfidvajani, H. (2020). Predict marriage desire based on premarital Relationship attitude: Control the role of gender and experience the relationship with the opposite sex. Rooyesh, 9(7), 139-146. [In Persian]
Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). Detailed results of the national census. http://amar.sci.org.ir. [In Persian]
Tajbakhsh, G., & Mohammadi, H. (2020). An analysis of reasons for youth's tendency toward singlehood and withdrawal from marriage. Population Journal, 27(112), 113–33. [In Persian]
Torabi, F., & Shams Ghahfarokh, Z. (2022). Factors Affecting Marriage Delay in Iran and around the World. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 16(32), 141–175. https://doi.org/10.22034/jpai.2022.547779.1219 [In Persian]
Tyagi, N., Kumar, M. A., Ahutosh, K., Tyagi, Y., and ShyamJha, R. (2022). Changing structure of marriage and fertility in 21st century (with reference to indian society). Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 9142-9152. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/5312/3501
Van Wijk, D. C., de Valk, H. A. G., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2021). Temporary employment and family formation: An income or insecurity effect? European Sociological Review, 37(4), 641–658. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab007
Wahhaj, Z. (2022). The Economics of Early Marriage: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Solutions. In: Zimmermann, K.F. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_67-1
Zhaowei Fu. (2025). The Effect of Social Media Engagement and Understanding on Adolescents’ Marriage Attitudes. Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.61173/n42gdh55