استادیار پژوهشکدة مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به منظور سنجش تفاوت‌های جنسیتی و قومیتی در نگرش به نقش‌های جنسیتی و با استفاده از سنجه متناسب با فرهنگ کشورهای اسلامی، طراحی شده توسط خلید و فریزی (2004) صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه 400 نفر از دانشجویان دختر و پسر سه دانشگاه دولتی شامل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، دانشگاه تهران و دانشگاه کردستان است. تکنیک مورد استفاده در این پژوهش پیمایش، و ابزار مورد استفاده پرسش‌نامه بوده که با شیوة نمونه‌گیری تصادفی در بین پاسخ‌گویان توزیع شده است. نتایج حاصل از سنجش بیانگر این است که دیدگاه سنتی به نقش‌های جنسیتی در بین دانشجویان وجود ندارد و نگرش‌ها در سطح حرفه‌ای و لیبرال قرار دارد. بین زنان و مردان تفاوت معنادار در نگرش به نقش‌های جنسیتی وجود دارد به‌طوریکه مردان نگرش حرفه‌ای و زنان نگرش لیبرال به نقش‌های جنسیتی دارند. از نظر قومیتی، نگرش به نقش‌های جنسیتی در بین زنان و مردان در قومیت فارس و لُر دارای تفاوت معناداری است به‌طوری که در هر دو قومیت، زنان نگرش لیبرال و مردان نگرش حرفه‌ای به نقش‌ها دارند. این در حالی است که در قومیت کُرد تفاوت معناداری ببن دو جنس وجود نداشته و هر دو جنس نگرش لیبرال به نقش‌ها دارند. در قومیت ترک هم تفاوت معنادار بین دو جنس وجود ندارد و نگرش هر دو جنس به نقش‌های جنسیتی حرفه‌ای و سنتی است.
Gender Role Attitude with an Emphasis on Ethnicity and Gender
نویسندگان [English]
Leila Falahati
Assistant Professor in Institute for Social and Cultural Studies, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology
چکیده [English]
Gender roles defined as the patterns of behavior which are approved by society and culture. In other words gender role is the way men and women doing to recognition as feminine and masculine and culture, and society accepted and encourage those behaviors as appropriate behavior for men and women. Present study aimed to study gender role attitude using Islamic gender role attitude scale. A sample of 400 male and female students at public universities including Allameh-Tabataba'i University, Tehran University and the University of Kurdistan was drawn. Respondents were selected using random sampling method and data were collected with questionnaire. Results revealed that there were no traditional gender role attitude among students and all the respondents have professional and liberal attitude toward gender roles. There were significant gender differences between male and female in gender role attitude so that female students have more liberal attitude. In terms of ethnicity there were gender differences in Fars and Lur attitude, so that male have professional and female have liberal attitude. Among Kurdish respondents, male and female have liberal attitude while among Turkish, both male and female have traditional-professional attitude.
کلیدواژه ها [English]
Attitude, Gender Role, Gender Differences, University Student, Ethnicity
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