Shahla Bagheri; Mohammadreza Bagheri
Abstract
Policy making and policy measures is important in the social system. occurs. Policy maker aimed to achieve cultural requirements of policy making system by interaction stale and society. After the Islamic Revolution of Iran. the strengths and weaknesses of the different levels of the system politically ...
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Policy making and policy measures is important in the social system. occurs. Policy maker aimed to achieve cultural requirements of policy making system by interaction stale and society. After the Islamic Revolution of Iran. the strengths and weaknesses of the different levels of the system politically has been accompanied in the field of moral and sexual dignity and chastity, aside from the basic necessity of building systems - Iranian, coordination and harmony of the system was not relevant. That is in the realm of theoretical ideas and goals are expressed in practice, the relationship between logical and measurable programs are executed with the goals and policies have been developed. measures to improve processes, motivate and educate individuals and groups, and to monitor the development of information systems.
Majid Movahed Majd; Zeinab Niknejat; Mohamadtaghi Abbasi shovazi
Abstract
Protecting and upholding the ideology of media authorities, photo can be considered a tool for communication and meaning-making. Also the social-artistic activities of photograpy paly a significant role in communication as any other media does. The representation theory excessively concerned with media ...
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Protecting and upholding the ideology of media authorities, photo can be considered a tool for communication and meaning-making. Also the social-artistic activities of photograpy paly a significant role in communication as any other media does. The representation theory excessively concerned with media analysis. It should be noted that semiotic method gives the ability to examine hidden layers of media contents such as picture. Based on The representation theory and semiotics techniques, this paper involves in analyzing photography which represented in TotallyCoolPix Website with Theme of Muharam and Ashura (the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar). The outcomes of this analysis reveal that these photos represent Islam and Muslims as “other”, and also including a kind of deviation from the true Muharram rituals among Muslims. This set of pictures can be characterized by some features such as violence, masculinity, passive role of women in religious customs, cohesiveness and collective strength, which are become prevalent in Muslim communities. What is more, traditional Shiite symbols hinged upon these features and themes in these pictures. Overall, the concepts obtained from these pictures analysis illustrate that they are brimmed with violence which pave the way for more Islam- phobia in countries in the Occident.
Higher Education
Shahla Khalafi; Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh; Mehrdad Navabakhsh
Abstract
This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the ...
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This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the conflicts and to explain factors related to level of conflict of these values. This article has a combined approach ranging from Ethics theories based on inter- role conflict of Dahrendorf, scientific Ethics indicators of Resnick, Merton, Parsons, Goffman and Ethics Growth theories. Methodology is based on a field survey and its population is PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences from Shahid Beheshti University. One hundred ninety-six students were chosen by complete enumeration method and they were under a test by a questionnaire with total validity 80% and 81% .The results showed there is no complete conformity between theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students so that 16.33 of the students have over 60% conformity and 83.68 of them have over 40% unconformity and The level of unconformity in the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms are different in the three fields (among PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences). In addition, when the theoretical preferences -12 Ethics indicators- are considered to each other, there is no conflict among them but in the comparison of the theoretical preferences and behavioral preferences, there is unconformity (conflict) between theoretical and behavioral preferences.
Higher Education
Alireza Moradi
Abstract
This paper reviews the concept of hidden curriculum in the sociological theories and wants to explain sociological aspects of formation of hidden curriculum. The main question concentrates on the theoretical approaches in which hidden curriculum is explained sociologically.For this purpose it was applied ...
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This paper reviews the concept of hidden curriculum in the sociological theories and wants to explain sociological aspects of formation of hidden curriculum. The main question concentrates on the theoretical approaches in which hidden curriculum is explained sociologically.For this purpose it was applied qualitative research methodology. The relevant data include various sociological concepts and theories of hidden curriculum collected by the documentary method. The study showed a set of rules, procedures, relationships and social structure of education have decisive role in the formation of hidden curriculum. A hidden curriculum reinforces by existed inequalities among learners (based on their social classes or statues). There is, in fact, a balance between the learner's "knowledge receptions" with their "inequality proportion".The hidden curriculum studies from different major sociological theories such as Functionalism, Marxism and critical theory, Symbolic internationalism and Feminism. According to the functionalist perspective a hidden curriculum has a social function because it transmits social values. Marxists and critical thinkers correlate between hidden curriculum and the totality of social structure. They depicts that curriculum prepares learners for the exploitation in the work markets. Symbolic internationalism rejects absolute hegemony of hidden curriculum on education and looks to the socialization as a result of interaction between learner and instructor. Feminism theory also considers hidden curriculum as a vehicle which legitimates gender stereotypes.
Higher Education
F. Lolaee; S. Bastani; M. Farasatkhah
Abstract
The dramatic changes that have taken place in the field of information and communication in the present age have led to fundamental changes in various parts of human life. The important point is that the emergence of virtual technologies is not just a conventional technical development but contains a ...
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The dramatic changes that have taken place in the field of information and communication in the present age have led to fundamental changes in various parts of human life. The important point is that the emergence of virtual technologies is not just a conventional technical development but contains a cultural nature. The university is also one of the institutions that has been particularly affected by these developments. Such conditions have changed the relationship between students and professors, their way of accessing information and resources, creating and sharing educational content, and so on. The purpose of this article is to study the experience of virtualization and academic culture. This is a qualitative research that has applied a phenomenological method with semi-structured interviews. Participants were purposefully selected from among students, graduates, faculty members, and university administrators. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique which resulted in 10 semantic clusters. The results of the interviews show a duality in responses, with some interviewees emphasizing the functions of virtualization in university culture in terms of communication, education and lifestyle. They believe that virtualization has opened doors to universities. The other category, however, explains the negative consequences of virtualization in academic culture and its various dimensions. The results indicate that with virtualization, important changes have occurred in various dimensions of the university culture that should be considered at micro and macro levels.
Women Studies
M. Pourrajabi; A. Ghobadi
Abstract
The concept of beauty in the contemporary society is closely linked to gender. In this research, the concept of makeup and beauty has been explored from the perspective of women by using qualitative method techniques. Therefore, 35 young women of Tehran city were interviewed through in-depth and semi-structured ...
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The concept of beauty in the contemporary society is closely linked to gender. In this research, the concept of makeup and beauty has been explored from the perspective of women by using qualitative method techniques. Therefore, 35 young women of Tehran city were interviewed through in-depth and semi-structured questionnaire, and the samples were selected based on theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation. After extracting primary, secondary, and intermediate concepts of the three main categories, i.e. 1- general areas of beauty and signs, 2- make-up; and 3- consumption of media, the need for beauty and make-up was determined. The results show that make-up and beauty are defined as an important activity for young women. Beauty and makeup are intertwined with people's lifestyle and are adjusted and coordinated by it i.e., the amount and manner of makeup of women changes with their understanding of the culture that governs different environments, the type and gender of the audience, the amount of communication and the type of activity. It can be stated that make-up and beauty provide women with the possibility of creating many social relationships. In the analysis and interpretation of the interviews, we found a range of reasons such as increasing social capital, coercion or group conformity, building a new identity and self-idealism, and increasing self-confidence in explaining why makeup is done.
Social Sciences and Communications
S. Koohestani; F. Alikhah; N. Ofoghi; H. Hallajzadeh
Abstract
With the emergence of new social media networks, the mechanisms of gaining fame have undergone massive transformations. Today, users have attained the opportunity to reach fame, which was not easily accessible before. In this regard, due to its easy-to-use capabilities and high popularity among users, ...
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With the emergence of new social media networks, the mechanisms of gaining fame have undergone massive transformations. Today, users have attained the opportunity to reach fame, which was not easily accessible before. In this regard, due to its easy-to-use capabilities and high popularity among users, Instagram has become a main platform for creating fame. Many Instagram users are inclined to become famous on this social network for various reasons, and this fame brings considerable consequences in the society, which enhances the importance of sociological analysis of the issue. By this way, the present paper tries to examine and analyze the causes and effects of fame on Instagram while reviewing the theories about economy, fame, and microcelebrity. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 Instagram users. The findings obtained from the interviews were also extracted and analyzed with the thematic analysis technique and demonstrated 6 main themes and 12 sub-themes. Finally, based on the interviewees' responses, significant reasons for seeking fame on Instagram include monetizing and acquiring economic capital, a shortcut to success, and an opportunity to be seen and heard, which has led to important outcomes such as the standardization of taste, the consumerism of everyday life, and changing values and norms in the society.
Social Sciences and Communications
M. Yazdchi; N. Sharifi; A. Sharifiyan
Abstract
This paper puts emphasis on the necessity of discussing positionality in qualitative research methods, especially ethnography. Evaluating a qualitative study requires the reader to get information about the researcher's positionality with respect to their various social identities (like gender, race, ...
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This paper puts emphasis on the necessity of discussing positionality in qualitative research methods, especially ethnography. Evaluating a qualitative study requires the reader to get information about the researcher's positionality with respect to their various social identities (like gender, race, class, ethnicity, ability, geographical location etc and with their intentions for doing the fieldwork, their feelings and emotions, and their relationships with the informants. This paper ties to analyze eight published papers and one book based on qualitative and ethnographic studies in the Iranian society. It examines the harms and consequences of failure in discussing a researcher's positionality by applying a critical ethnographic and reflexive approach. Indeed, the paper analyzes the writers' use of language, their reasoning for doing the research and the reflexive discussion of their positionality while doing the research and later in writing a research report. It argues that not observing the reflective approach in research and concealing the researcher's positionality deprives the reader of the possibility of identifying possible bias. The paper also discusses two other consequences that are more recognizable in academic writing in Iran: "Self-heroism" display of research. Consequently, instead of clarifying their intentions and understanding the field and its relations, researchers solve problems and offer quick solutions.
Sociology
Leila Falahati
Abstract
Gender roles defined as the patterns of behavior which are approved by society and culture. In other words gender role is the way men and women doing to recognition as feminine and masculine and culture, and society accepted and encourage those behaviors as appropriate behavior for men and women. Present ...
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Gender roles defined as the patterns of behavior which are approved by society and culture. In other words gender role is the way men and women doing to recognition as feminine and masculine and culture, and society accepted and encourage those behaviors as appropriate behavior for men and women. Present study aimed to study gender role attitude using Islamic gender role attitude scale. A sample of 400 male and female students at public universities including Allameh-Tabataba'i University, Tehran University and the University of Kurdistan was drawn. Respondents were selected using random sampling method and data were collected with questionnaire. Results revealed that there were no traditional gender role attitude among students and all the respondents have professional and liberal attitude toward gender roles. There were significant gender differences between male and female in gender role attitude so that female students have more liberal attitude. In terms of ethnicity there were gender differences in Fars and Lur attitude, so that male have professional and female have liberal attitude. Among Kurdish respondents, male and female have liberal attitude while among Turkish, both male and female have traditional-professional attitude.
Cultural Studies
Hamed Bakhshi; Ameneh Akhlaghi; S. Mohammad Baqer Hosseini; S. Mohamadnaghi Mousavi
Abstract
The research is conducted to “describe the emotional valence of the relation between tourists and host in Mashhad”. Using the secondary analysis method, the researchers have used data from “assessment of pilgrims’ attitudes about Mashhad residents and service providers” ...
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The research is conducted to “describe the emotional valence of the relation between tourists and host in Mashhad”. Using the secondary analysis method, the researchers have used data from “assessment of pilgrims’ attitudes about Mashhad residents and service providers” survey. During the survey interviewees described Mashhad residents with specific words (attributions). In this research the attributions have been analyzed in platform of related literatures in sphere of psychology and sociology of emotions theories (especially the Turner and Plutchik categorization of emotions). Findings examined that the pilgrims’ emotions was positive rather than negative. Thus security- fear dimension was not explicitly remarked. Besides “acceptance” was marked as a factor in building positive emotions while the “hate” was marked as a factor that creates negative emotions. Negative emotions indicate on the existence of gap between tourists’ expectation and their real trip. The hate, contempt and anger emotions of tourist have been described as outcome of not receiving desired respect and attention from host community, violation of ethical and accepted high social norms and finally, voilation of justice and fairness from Mashhad residents’ side.
Computer Games
Z. Dehdashti Shahrokh; M. Bashirpour
Abstract
In game advertising is one of the best methods for effective advertising. One of the factors that affects the effectiveness of digital advertising is satisfaction of games. In this study, our purpose was investigating the factors affecting customer satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on the effectiveness ...
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In game advertising is one of the best methods for effective advertising. One of the factors that affects the effectiveness of digital advertising is satisfaction of games. In this study, our purpose was investigating the factors affecting customer satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on the effectiveness of advertising, 5 factors we identified that impact on customer satisfaction, which included game content, ease of use, game price, graphical design of the game, and game-producer services. To examine the impact of these factors, a sample of 242 undergraduate students at management and accounting faculty of Allameh Tabataba’i University. These individuals were selected were playing daily at least 1 hour of digital game. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the data were analyzed using structural equation and confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the effect of all factors was confirmed and all the factors influencing satisfaction were ranked based on the statistical results. According to this rating, ease of play, the most important and services of the game-producer, had the least importance on the satisfaction of the customer, the main hypothesis of the research was that the effect of customer satisfaction with the game on effectiveness of advertising was confirmed.
Sociology
Z. Mohammadi
Abstract
University is as a socio-cultural place in which generational relations flow intergenerational and within a same generation and it has effects on specialized services. The purpose of this research is to study the generations of Iranian academics and compare them with generations in the world to study ...
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University is as a socio-cultural place in which generational relations flow intergenerational and within a same generation and it has effects on specialized services. The purpose of this research is to study the generations of Iranian academics and compare them with generations in the world to study the social characteristics of each generation in their ecosystems. The research method is documentary and analytical reasoning. In the theoretical discussions, there are five generations of Iranians corresponding to the five generations of the contemporary world; First generation: veterans/ Iranian constitutional generation; Second generation: Boomers/ the generation of Iranian nationalism; Third generation: generation X/ generation of modernization in Iran; Fourth generation: generation Y or Millennium/ Generation of Islamic Revolution; Fifth generation: Z or Net generation/ Generation of Post-Revolution. The first generation is familiar with the Mertonian norms and tradition of staying in an elite university. The second generation is accompanied by the growth of political norms and dominant scientific norms. The third generation is associated with the growth of politics and ideology along with learning science and then its conquest. In the fourth generation, growth has started, and the turn is from education to research and science two style sciences. In the fifth generation, knowledge has been a commodity and business, the rotation is from research to entrepreneurship along with a decline in the tradition of residence. The result is that the serious differences in the characteristics of the fifth generation in the last century have caused these different generations not be able to experience creative and effective academic lives.
Higher Education
M. Sepehr; S.H. Serajzadeh; B. Zare; K. Habibpour Gatabi
Abstract
The signs of change and transformation in education have always been floating signifiers while articulating educational policy actions and various other semantic conflicts. This article uses a combined theoretical framework from Laclau, Mouffe, and Fairclough to analyze these semantic conflicts in policy ...
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The signs of change and transformation in education have always been floating signifiers while articulating educational policy actions and various other semantic conflicts. This article uses a combined theoretical framework from Laclau, Mouffe, and Fairclough to analyze these semantic conflicts in policy texts formulated in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The results of this analysis show that semantic conflicts in the field of education, in the context created by cultural struggle (or Jehad Farhangi), articulate the fundamental change in the goals, content, structure, programs and philosophy of education with a focus on Islamization. This nodal point found semantic stability with signs such as: changes to the course content, purgation of manpower and elimination of former discourse, foundation of "Omor Tarbiyati" (Educational affairs), orientation to extracurricular activities in schools and, governmentalization of schools, etc. The credibility and accessibility of this meaning was linked to the necessity of signs of the Islamic Revolution discourse, and became a metaphor in the field of policy texts.
Rahmatollah Sedigh Sarvestani; Salah-al-din Ghaderi
Abstract
As various Iranian theorists emphasis, challenge between tradition and modernity is among the most affective phenomena on Iranian identity. Thus, in the present study, different dimensions of Student’s identity have been evaluated regarding this challenge. According to the main hypothesis, student’s ...
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As various Iranian theorists emphasis, challenge between tradition and modernity is among the most affective phenomena on Iranian identity. Thus, in the present study, different dimensions of Student’s identity have been evaluated regarding this challenge. According to the main hypothesis, student’s identity is a hybrid of traditional and modern elements. Each dimension of identity (either modern or traditional) has been studied from the social, cultural, and political aspects. The study has been carried using questionnaire in 6 universities in Tehran –including University of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Allameh Tabatabaei, Sharif University of Technology, Al-Zahra, and University of Applied Science and Technology. Results show that in social and cultural aspects, modern elements of identity prevail, while in the political aspect it is the traditional elements that prevail. In another word, religion-politics blend and authoritarianism play crucial role in students’ identity rather than tendency to civil society. In addition, students’ identity is not simply a one-dimensional structure, but a bi-dimensional construction within which both modern and traditional elements are involved.
Sociology
H. Arab
Abstract
Ethno- archaeological Study on relationship Bakhtiari Nomads and khereft-khaneArchaeologist for a long times study on today’s societies at some theories as direct historical approach and with ethnographic data reconstruction last societies. A part of their researches what is there in folklore. ...
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Ethno- archaeological Study on relationship Bakhtiari Nomads and khereft-khaneArchaeologist for a long times study on today’s societies at some theories as direct historical approach and with ethnographic data reconstruction last societies. A part of their researches what is there in folklore. According to what today there is among the people living in the Bakhtiari region, some of people believe that some archaeological remains as ossuaries are in relation with nomads and believe that they placed old people there to during immigration. What is examined in this article, the geographic area is considered as a field of research at first and then look anthropologically, Bakhtiari people and their customs review and with an archaeological approach, new archaeological study data, attempts to assess this matter that it comes from the minds of the general public due to their lack of familiarity with detailed user sees these works.keywords: Ossuary, Bakhtiari Nomads, Ethnography, Archaeology, Ancient Iran
Sociology
G. Bayat; M. Ghasemi
Abstract
National-religious events attract media attention but different media views events differently in ideological frameworks which facilitate the failure or success of public diplomacy efforts all around the world. In this regard, Persian-language foreign media, including the BBC Persian, is among the sources ...
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National-religious events attract media attention but different media views events differently in ideological frameworks which facilitate the failure or success of public diplomacy efforts all around the world. In this regard, Persian-language foreign media, including the BBC Persian, is among the sources of meaning and conceptualization of national-religious events such as Chaharshanbehsuri for audiences inside Iran. In recent years, one of the most important events happening yearly with a large crowd of people is the Arbaeen Hosseini procession. According to Rodenbühler's approach to the concept of ritual, Arbaeen ritual is performed voluntarily, non-instrumental and seriously. This paper, considering the history and the extent of the BBC in professional news activity, analyzes the way of Arbaeen event representation on the BBC website using thematic analysis method. The findings indicate that the Arbaeen pilgrims' walking ritual has been strongly represented as a political and ideological movement under the seven main themes (documentary narration, separatism and Shia, crisis of disorder and inability of Iran and Iraq’s governments, Arbaeen downsizing, analysis of the eight-year Iraq-Iran war, allegedly imposed insecurity by Isil and the political Maneuver of the Iranian government). The representation of the relations between the actors in this ritual ceremony not only has nothing to do with Rothenbuhler’s view but also shows the negative image making of this religious event as a continuation of the Shia phobia in the western media and especially as a new manifestation of Iranophobia.
N. Razavizadeh; S. Varshovi
Abstract
With the beginning of gender studies over two decades ago, issues such as inequality, constraints, and women's perceptions of fear, risk, threat, and security have gradually been included by researchers in social and tourism fields. The aim of this study is to investigate women's fears while traveling ...
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With the beginning of gender studies over two decades ago, issues such as inequality, constraints, and women's perceptions of fear, risk, threat, and security have gradually been included by researchers in social and tourism fields. The aim of this study is to investigate women's fears while traveling and their strategies to deal with those fears. A qualitative approach was used and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 middle-class female participants based in Mashhad were conducted. In the process, three types of fear (structural, social and personal) and three types of coping strategies (structural, social and personal) were identified. In this classification, "structural" fears or coping strategies refer to their sources or methods involving social, physical and spatial structure of a tourist destination. "Social" fears and strategies refer to emotions and reactions appear through interactions. "Personal" fears and coping strategies are related to the realm of cognitive and personal choices, preferences, abilities, and initiatives. Findings show that although women experience fears due to their subjective perception, the objective conditions of tourism environment and social construction help them put up some kinds of active or passive resistance. They understand the fear as an empowering tool. These experiences differ in terms of quality and depth from western context,, and Iranian women have more conservative orientations, but Iranian women they follow a similar path.
Mohammad Bagher Babaei Talatapeh
Abstract
This article aims to study culture in relation to elements of national power and answer to this question that how Imam Ali sees situation of culture in relation with political, economic, social and military factors of national power. Based on content analysis method of sermons (khotba), poems and short ...
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This article aims to study culture in relation to elements of national power and answer to this question that how Imam Ali sees situation of culture in relation with political, economic, social and military factors of national power. Based on content analysis method of sermons (khotba), poems and short words of Imam Ali, the findings reveal that he was more focused on culture during his statesmanship and gave more developmental, theoretical and valuable principles preference to other elements of power and national authority; in a way that Imam Ali`s political, social, economic and military behaviors, were more based on realism, truth-boundnes, god-centrality, perfectionism and human –revolveness,
Hamid Majedi; Majid MansourRezaei; Elham Mansouri
Abstract
The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of neighborhood public space transformation due to rapid urbanization in Tehran since 1960s, on the formation of neighborhood identity. In order to find the role of public spaces in enhancing neighborhood identities, two middle class neighborhoods with ...
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The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of neighborhood public space transformation due to rapid urbanization in Tehran since 1960s, on the formation of neighborhood identity. In order to find the role of public spaces in enhancing neighborhood identities, two middle class neighborhoods with different spatial organizations are compared with each other: Nazi Abad a planned neighborhood and Mehran a typical unplanned neighborhood which developed through rapid urbanization. Next, the effect of neighborhood public spaces on neighborhood inhabitants is evaluated from two perspectives: Perceptual dimension and social dimension. The findings indicate that planned spatial organization and various neighborhood public spaces result in stronger neighborhood identity. It enhances both perceptual dimension of neighborhood identity(place attachment) and its social dimension (sense of community). In contrast unplanned spatial organization which is the typical feature of Tehran neighborhoods leads to weak neighborhood identity.
Higher Education
Kh. Keshavarz
Abstract
The findings of the article show that despite the long history of women as faculty members in higher education in Iran, we face a continuing gender gap among faculty members. Also, the higher we go up the ladder of professional hierarchy in the university, the stronger this gap becomes. The central question ...
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The findings of the article show that despite the long history of women as faculty members in higher education in Iran, we face a continuing gender gap among faculty members. Also, the higher we go up the ladder of professional hierarchy in the university, the stronger this gap becomes. The central question in this article is what challenges women face in entering the career of teacher-researcher and what is their narrative through this path in the midst of existing gender relations? This article will also address the facilitators as well as the barriers to achieving this career from the perspective of female teacher-researchers. The approach of this research is qualitative. Among the various techniques used in qualitative research to obtain the information required in this article, we have used the in-depth interview technique and in data analysis we have used thematic analysis. To achieve a more accurate understanding of the entry of women into university professional life, we have selected the two universities of Tehran and the Persian Gulf. According to the participants of the research, discriminatory attitudes towards women are seen in some of the applicant recruitment sessions. Existence of meta-academic criteria in recruitment sessions, constant change of bylaws and decisions, as well as men's lobbies are among the difficulties of entering the academic career. Some of the issues that women refer to as recruitment difficulties may be common to both men and women, but it should be noted that in the midst of existing gender relations, even common issues between men and women take on a different form and shape for each.
Art and Aestetics
M. Abbasi; S.H. Meisami
Abstract
Protecting and spreading religious beliefs is an ultimate goal of performing Ta’ziye (in remembrance of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his companions) in Iran, a ritual that includes several other structural elements, including music. In existing researches on the subject, influenced by the ...
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Protecting and spreading religious beliefs is an ultimate goal of performing Ta’ziye (in remembrance of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his companions) in Iran, a ritual that includes several other structural elements, including music. In existing researches on the subject, influenced by the above approach, none has considered the use of music essential for this ritual and its participants. The current paper tries to study the purpose of using music during Ta’ziye and its impact on the people participating in this ritual. The concept of function as proposed in the basics of ethnomusicology has formed a theoretical framework for this study. As such, the data was collected through a field study and library sources and assessed using the content analysis method. The findings show that all functions of music mentioned by Merriam applied to Ta’ziye. The findings further suggest that the use of music by an individual or group may act contrary to the actual musical functions of that activity. In this article, Khansar Qudjān Ta’ziye has been taken as a case study to show functions and dysfunctions of music during this religious event.
Sociology
M.H. SayahTaheri
Abstract
The main view of thinkers, with respect to the impact of cyberspace on religion, is that its continuous use would help lead to “secularization” of individuals and society. However, it seems that this process, under the influence of some interfering factors, has overturned and, in some cases, ...
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The main view of thinkers, with respect to the impact of cyberspace on religion, is that its continuous use would help lead to “secularization” of individuals and society. However, it seems that this process, under the influence of some interfering factors, has overturned and, in some cases, even strengthened the religious outlook of some users of the virtual space, a process which we call “desecularization”. In this article, the attempt is being made to examine what are the most critical factors that enhance desecularization in social networks, and how desecularized users resist those secularizing effects? This research has been done using a qualitative approach and based on grounded theory as well as the theoretical sampling method. The statistical population was undergraduate students from universities of Tehran who were religious and each of them having about a thousand followers on Instagram. Finally, 27 of them were interviewed through structured questionnaire. MAXQDA20 software was used to encode and analyze the data which were deduced in three stages of sub-and-main concepts. The 10 categories that were selected include: pre-network context of the individual; scientific protective armor; transnational knowledge; activism power of users; religious lifestyle; reminding and meditating about life's priorities for users; maturity in interactions; internal and external care; intellectual patience and to build a social network with indigenous characteristics. All these aforementioned characteristics are gathered under one title called “conscious struggle”.
Cyberspace and Metaverse Culture
M. Taheri Demneh; E. Yousefi Hamedani
Abstract
Gen Alpha, as the most materially endowed generation ever, have completely different beliefs and expectations due to their varied lived experiences and emerging trends in society. Born between 2010 and 2024, this is known as the youngest generation. In the near future, they will enter the workplace and ...
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Gen Alpha, as the most materially endowed generation ever, have completely different beliefs and expectations due to their varied lived experiences and emerging trends in society. Born between 2010 and 2024, this is known as the youngest generation. In the near future, they will enter the workplace and create a different world, and therefore it is necessary to know their characteristics and perceptions of future jobs and workplaces. In this regard, the aim of this research is to examine the job concept from the perspective of Gen Alpha, which can be a useful source for managerial decisions in various fields, including educational institutions, as well as human resource management and organizational culture in the future. The research data was collected using the WDST (write, draw, show and tell) method and finally analyzed using the thematic analysis. The results showed that Gen Alpha have personality and behavioral characteristics such as creativity, adherence to human and moral values, transsexual perspective, adventure, leadership and a strong connection with technology. This generation has little desire for fixed salary jobs and will be more inclined towards entrepreneurship, leading to work teams and technology-related professions such as metaverse, robotics and artificial intelligence. Here, its implications for educational institutions and future work environments are discussed and strategies are proposed.
Sociology
H. Emadi; S.A. Afshani; H. Eslami
Abstract
This study employs grounded theory (GT) to qualitatively explore preconditions for good governance in social media with an emphasis on accountability. The study sample consists of 20 media activists and social media managers who were selected using a theoretical or purposive sampling strategy. The data ...
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This study employs grounded theory (GT) to qualitatively explore preconditions for good governance in social media with an emphasis on accountability. The study sample consists of 20 media activists and social media managers who were selected using a theoretical or purposive sampling strategy. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants. The data collection process continued until saturation, i.e., no new pieces of information could add to the final model. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and then a paradigm model and a theoretical schema were developed based on the 15 main themes and the final theme extracted. The results indicated that the “tamed power of sovereignty” is the fruit of a set of factors such as accountability soft punch, reverse control and monitoring, popular network activism, and networked pressure groups, influenced by a set of contextual and intervening factors. What can cause public trust and social solidarity as the ultimate goal is the adoption of strategies such as normalization of accountability, good pragmatism, the networked activity of governing bodies, and institutional accountability of the government and then moving towards the establishment of an online accountability system. The theoretical schema and paradigm model proposed in this study can interpret the results more accurately.
Mohammad Amin Ghaneirad; Amir Maleki; Zahra Mohammadi
Abstract
This paper studies the cultural change in science from academic science to post-academic science by the use of documentary studying and analytical reasoning. The aim of this study is determining the direction of cultural change in science and comparing it with cultural change in society.The knowledge ...
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This paper studies the cultural change in science from academic science to post-academic science by the use of documentary studying and analytical reasoning. The aim of this study is determining the direction of cultural change in science and comparing it with cultural change in society.The knowledge production which surrounds academy has little relationship with the values of society and epistemological norms regulate scientists' behavior from within the scientific system. But in post-academic science the relationship between science and society operates in the same line with market and government and science produce within the social context and scientists' behavior controlled by the norms out of the scientific system. So the culture of science has changed because science applied to meet the requirements of market and industry. The result is that contrary to cultural change in society that goes from materialism to post-materialism, cultural change in science moves from post-materialism to materialism.
