Abâzari, Y. (1382 [2003 A.D]) “Hal-e Masale-h” (Persian Translation of Problem Solving),
in Majale-h Nâme-h Ulom-e Ejtemâi, Vol.11 (21): 303-319.
Abdolâhiyân, H. & Tavakoli, A. (1382 [2003A.D]) “Sâxt-e Jahân-e Majâzi bâ Delâlathâye
Farânamâi” (Persian Translation of The Constitution of Virtual World by Meta
Representation Signs), in Nâme-h Pažoheš-e Farhangi , Vol. 8 (8): 69-98.
Abdolâhiyân, H., Hamidi, H. & Faraji, M. (1385 [2006 A.D]) “Revâyat Šenâsi: Mavared-
e Xâsi az Bâzandiši-ye Xištan-e Zanâne-h dar Iran” (Persian Translation of Narrative:
The Specific Case of Feminine Self-Reflexivity in Iran), in Majale-h Nâme-h
Ulom-e Ejtemâi, Vol. - (27): 57-95.
Abdollahyan, H. (2004) Conceptualization of Reality in Historical Sociology; Narrating
Absentee Landlordism in Iran , Tehran: SayeRoshan Publications.
Althusser, L. (1965) For Marx, New York: Pantheon.
Althusser, L. (1967) “Contradiction and Over determination”, in New Left Review, I
(41): - , also available at http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=42
Asqari, M. (1386 [2007 A.D]) Fešârhâ-ye Ravâni, Tanešhâ, Câlešhâ va Teknikhâ-ye
Moqâbele-h dar Ertebâtât-e Ensâni: Motâle-h Moredi-ye Zojhâ-ye Bayn-e Farhangi
(Persian Translation of Psycho Stress, Tensions, Challenges and Resistance
Techniques in Human Communications), MA Thesis, Faculty of Social Science,
University of Tehran.
Beamer, L. & Varner, I. (2006) Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace,
Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Beauvais, C., McKay, L., & Seddon, A., (2001) A Literature Review on Youth and
Citizenship , Ottawa: Canadian Policy and Research Networks.
Budin, G. (1999) “Language and Knowledge in Cultural Studies; On the Dynamics and
Complexity of their Terminologies”, accessed on 27 February 2008.
Creswell, W. (1998) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design; Choosing Among Five
Traditions , Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Creswell, W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods,
Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
DeVault, M. (1999) Liberating Method Feminism and Social Research, Philadelphia:
Temple University Press.
Durkheim, E. (1343 [1964A.D]) Qavâed-e Raveš-e Jâmeešenâsi (Persian Translation of
The Rules of Sociological Method), Translated by Ali Mohammad Kârdân, Tehran:
University of Tehran.
Gatewood, J. (1993) “Intracultural Variability and Problem-Solving”, Presented at the
92nd Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington,
D.C. (November 17-21, 1993), in an invited session entitled “Individual Variation
and Cultural Models” (Morris Freilich, Organizer; Society for Psychological

Anthropology and Association of Senior Anthropologists, sponsors), also available
at http://www.lehigh.edu/~jbg1/probsolv.htm
Gudykunst W. (1995) “Anxiety/uncertainty Management Theory, Current Status”, in R.
Wiseman (Eds.), Intercultural Communication Theory, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.
______ (1998a) “Applying Anxiety / Uncertainty Management AUM Theory to
Intercultural Adjustment Training”, California State University, Fullerton.
______(1993) “Toward a Theory of Effective Interpersonal and Inter-group
Communication: An Anxiety/uncertainty Management Perspective”, in R. L.
Wiseman & J. Koester (Eds.), Intercultural Communication Competence, Newbury
Park, CA: Sage.
______ (1998b) “Anxiety in Intercultural Relations”, Paper Presented at the Conference
on Interdisciplinary Theory and Research on Intercultural Relations, Californias
Fullerton, CA.
______(1999) “Anxiety in Inter-group Relations: A Comparison of Anxiety /
Uncertainty Management Theory and Integrated Threat Theory”, California State
University, Fullerton, CA.
______(2004) Theorizing About Intercultural Communication, London: Sage
Publications.
Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2000) Empire, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Janis, I. (1985) “Stress Inoculation in Health Care”, in A. Monat, & R. Lazarus (Eds.),
Stress and Coping , New York: Columbia University Press.
Kellner, D. (accessed on 27 February 2008) “The Frankfurt School and British Cultural
Studies. The Missed Articulation ”, Accessed in the following site: http://www.uta.
edu/huma/illuminations/kell16.htm
Kuhn, T. (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , Chicago: Chicago Press.
Lechte, J. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Panjâh Motefaker-e Bozorg-e Moâser: az Sâxtargarâi
ta Pasamodernit-e (Persian Translation of Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers:
From Structuralism to Post modernity), Translated by Mohsen Hakimim, Tehran:
Entešârât-e Xojaste-h.
Lenski, G., Lenski, J. & Nolan, P. (1995) Human Societies; An Introduction to
Macrosociology, New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Masgoret, A. (2006) “Examining the Role of Language Attitudes and Motivation on
the Sociocultural Adjustment and the Job Performance of Sojourners in Spain”, in
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 30( 3): 311-33.
Mates, B. (1989) The Philosophy of Leibniz: Metaphysics and Language, New York:
Oxford University Press.
Mulaudzi, P. (2005) “Intercultural Communication: Problem or Solution within the New
South African Context”, paper presented at Humanities Conference, 2005, University
of Cambridge, UK, http://h05.cgpublisher.com/proposals/758/index_html

Shah, A. (2008) “Poverty Facts and Stats”, Accessed in the following site on 2008.07.18
http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Facts.asp
Sharkey, A. (2004) “Second Class Citizens: Youth, Citizenship, and Participation”, unpublished
paper, Carleton University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology.
Stern, P. (1378 [1999 A.D]) Asnâi bâ Nice-h (Persian Translation of Nietzsche),
Translated by Mehrdâd Jâmei Rosan, Tehran: Našr-e Markaz.
Tainter, J. (1996) “ Complexity, Problem Solving, and Sustainable Societies”, in Getting
Down to Earth: Practical Applications of Ecological Economics, Island Press, http://
www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1559635037
Taylor, J. (1979) From Modernization to Modes of Production: A Critique of the
Sociology of development and Underdevelopment, Atlantic Highlands: Humanities
Press.
Ulin, R. (2001) Understanding Cultures; Perspectives in Anthropology and Social
Theory, Malden Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
Wolf, E. (1996) “Global Perspectives in Anthropology: Problems and Prospects”,
in Lourdes Arizpe (ed.), The Cultural Dimensions of Global Change, Paris:
UNESCO.