1. Aramberri‚ J. (2000) “youth tourism”‚ In Encyclopedia of tourism‚ (ed) Jafari‚

London: Routledge.
2. Bacoc‚ R. (1381[2002 A. D]) Masraf (Persian Translation of Consumption) ‚
Translated by Xosro Sabri‚ Tehran: Našr-e Širz-eh.
3. Baudrillard‚ J. (2001) Beyond use value‚ In Consumption‚ Miller‚ D(ed)‚
London: Routledge.
4. Bourdieu‚ P. (1984) Distinction‚ Cambridge mass: Harvard university press.
5. Burns‚ p. (1999) Tourism and Anthropology‚ London: Routledge.
6. Cohen(1) ‚ E. (1996) “sociology of tourism”‚ In sociology of tourism. (ed)
Yarghos Apostolopoulos (et. al) ‚ London: Routledge.
7. Cohen (2) ‚ E. (1996) “A phnomenology of tourist Experience”‚ In sociology of
tourism‚ (ed) Yarghos Apostolopoulos (et. al) ‚ London: Routledge.
8. Crick‚ M. (1996) “Representation of international tourism”‚ In sociology of
tourism‚ (ed) Yarghos Apostolopoulos (et. al) ‚ London: Routledge.
9. Crouch‚ D. (ed) (1999) Leisure / Tourism geographies‚ London: Routledge.
10. Crouch‚ D. (ed) (2005) The Media & the Tourist Imagination‚ London:
Routledge.
11. Desmond‚ J. (2003) Consuming Behaviour‚ NewYork: Palgrave.
12. Evans‚ M. (et al) (2006) Consumer Behaviour‚ Sussex: John willy Ltd.
13. Gee‚ Ch. (1377 [1998 A. D]) Jahngardi dar Češmandzi Jme (Persian
Translation of International Tourism: A Global Perspective) ‚ Translated by Ali
Prsiyn‚ Tehran: Daftar-e Pažohešh-ye Farhangi.
14. Haywood‚ L. (et. al) (2002) Understanding Leisure (2nd ed) : UK‚ Nelson
Thornes Ltd.
15. Jafari‚ J. (ed) (2000) Encyclopedia of Tourism‚ London: Routledge.
16. Mawforth‚ M. & Munt‚ I. (1998) Tourism and Sustainability‚ London: Routledge.
17. Nielsen‚ N. (1999) “Home Identity in a Bodily Perspective”‚ In Leisure /
Tourism geographies. (ed) David Crouch‚ London: Routledge.
18. Parrinello‚ C. (1996) “Motivation and Anticipation in Post-industrial Tourism”‚
In Sociology of Tourism. (ed) Apostolopulos‚ London: Routledge.
19. Rojeck‚ C. (1989) Leisure for Leisure‚ London: MacMillan Press LTD.

20. Rojeck‚ C. (1995) Decentering Leisure‚ London: Sage.
21. Show‚ G. & Williams‚ A. (1994) Critical Issues in Tourism‚ London: Blackwell.
22. Show‚ G & Williams‚ A. (2004) Tourism and Tourism Spaces‚ London: Sage.
23. Simmel‚ G. (1372[1993 A. D]) Kalnšahr va Hayt-e Zehni (Persian Translation
of Metropolice and Mental Life) ‚ Translated by Yosof Abzari‚ in Nameh-ye
Olum-e Ejtemi‚ No. 3.
24. Story‚ J. (1999) Cultural consumption and everyday life‚ London: Arnold.
25. Tj mazinni‚ A. (1382[2003 A. D]) “Mošrekat-e Siysi-ye Javnn” (Persian
Translation of Youth’s Political Participation) ‚ in Motlet-e Javnn‚ pp 3-4.
26. Tresidder‚ R. (1999) “Tourism and Sacred Landscape”. In Leisure / Tourism
geographies. (ed) David Crouch‚ London: Routledge.
27. Urry‚ J. (1990) “Consumption of Tourism”‚ in Sociology. No 1.
28. Urry‚ J. (1996) “Tourism‚ Culture and Social Inequality”‚ In Sociology of
Tourism. (ed) Yarghos aPostolopoulos‚ London: Routledge.
29. Urry‚ J. (1382 [2003 A. D]) “Jmeešensi-ye Moteharek” (Persian Translation
of Mobile Sociology) ‚ Translated by Yosof Abzari‚ in Organon‚ No. 24.
30. Veblen‚ Th. (1383 [2004 A. D]) Nazariye-ye Tabaqe-ye Morafah (Persian
Translation of The Theory of the Leisure Class) Translated by Farhang Ersd‚
Tehran: Našr-e Ney.
31. Wallace‚ C. (et al) (1998) Youth society‚ London: Macmillan press Ltd.
32. Zotti‚ G. (2000) “Tourism”‚ In Encyclopedia of sociology‚ (ed) edgar F.
Borgotta‚ London: Routledge.