نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه فرهنگ و ارتباطات، دانشگاه امام صادق (علیه السلام)
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معارف اسلامی و فرهنگ ارتباطات، دانشگاه امام صادق(علیه السلام)
چکیده
یکی از واقعیتهای دنیای امروز حضور اسلام در نقاط گوناگون جهان است؛ موضوعی که نهتنها مسلمانان بلکه پیروان سایر ادیان نیز روزبهروز بیشتر نسبت به آن آگاهی پیدا میکنند. بر این اساس اقلیت مسلمان در آمریکا نیز مانند سایر نقاط جهان شکل گرفته و در تعامل و یا حتی تقابل با اکثریت غالب قرار میگیرد. در میان نظریهپردازان ارتباطاتِ میانفرهنگی، مارک اورب و ریجینا اسپلر به بررسی چنین تعامل یا تقابلی در نظریه «همفرهنگی» میپردازند. لذا میتوان با رویکردی پدیدارشناسانه و مبتنیبر نظریه «گروه خاموش» و نظریه «نقطه نظر» رفتار کنشگران مسلمان را بهعنوان گروه همفرهنگ در برابر گروه سلطه که از لحاظ سلسلهمراتب هویتی در موقعیت بالاتری قرار دارند، مورد بررسی قرار داد. در چنین وضعیتی مسلمانان آمریکایی، استراتژیهای خاصی برای ایجاد ارتباط با یکدیگر و نیز با ساختار غالب ایجاد میکنند که این امر براساس تجربیات و مصاحبههای عمیق بهعملآمده از آنان، گاه بهشکل انزوا و قطع رابطه با گروه سلطه، گاه بهشکل تعامل پایاپای با آنان و گاه بهصورت انطباق کامل با ساختار غالب معنا مییابد.
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